汶川地震典型流体趋势前兆异常的初步研究     

范雪芳  王吉易 《国际地震动态》2008,(11)

强震的孕育和发生,主要决定于地壳介质结构和应力-应变的积累与变化.地下流体是地壳介质的有机组成部分,具有特殊的物理化学性质与动态变化特征.因而地下流体不仅能灵敏地反映地壳介质的应力-应变的变化,而且能调整与诱发地壳的应力-应变变化.因此,地下流体的动态变化是一种重要的地震前兆信息.强震的孕育过程具有阶段性,从中期、中短期进入短期阶段.  相似文献   

Analysis on pore pressure in an anisotropic seabed in the vicinity of a caisson     

D. S. Jeng  D. H. Cha  Y. S. Lin  P. S. Hu 《Applied Ocean Research》2000,22(6):317-329

This paper presents an analysis of pore pressure around a caisson-type breakwater subjected to dynamic wave loading. Unlike previous investigations for wave-seabed-caisson interaction, cross-anisotropic soil behaviour is considered in this paper. Based on a linear poro-elastic theory, a finite element model is developed. A parametric study related to the effects of wave parameters, soil characteristics and geometry of caisson and rubble mound base on the pore pressure around a caisson is performed. The numerical results indicate that the effects of anisotropic soil behaviour on the wave-induced pore pressure in a sandy bed beneath a caisson are not negligible.  相似文献   

中西太平洋围网不同作业方式兼捕镰状真鲨渔获率和死亡率分析     

孙康  戴小杰  高春霞  吴峰  王学昉 《海洋通报》2021,40(4)

我国在中西太平洋(Western and Central Pacific Ocean,WCPO)金枪鱼围网渔业作业的方式主要分为捕捞自由鱼群(free swimming school,FSC)和人工集鱼群(fish aggregation devices,FAD),镰状真鲨(Carcharhinus falciformis)是这两种作业方式中主要的兼捕鲨鱼。本研究根据2018—2019年我国围网渔业渔船在中西太平洋区域(15°S—15°N,140°E—180°E)共20个作业航次记录的渔捞日志,对FSC和FAD两种状态的捕捞作业下兼捕到的镰状真鲨渔获率、生存状态等进行比较分析,结果表明:(1) FAD作业相比FSC作业兼捕到的镰状真鲨分布范围更广,两种作业方式兼捕到的镰状真鲨单位捕捞努力量渔获(catch per unit effort,CPUE)主要分布区域均集中在基里巴斯和瑙鲁专属经济区;(2) FAD和FSC兼捕镰状真鲨CPUE出现较高月份均在5—9月,FAD兼捕镰状真鲨CPUE显著高于FSC (P 0.05);(3) FSC和FAD兼捕镰状真鲨的死亡率范围分别为0.00%～92.86%和20.26%～76.71%,经检验两种作业方式下镰状真鲨死亡率间无显著性差异(P 0.05)。研究结果有助于了解不同作业方式对鲨鱼兼捕的影响,以实现提高目标鱼种渔获率、降低鲨鱼兼捕率的目的。  相似文献   

2011年西北太平洋海平面异常及其与拉尼娜和负印度洋偶极子的联系     

丘福文  邱云  潘爱军  查晶  张善武 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(11):62-69

西北太平洋海平面异常模态在纯拉尼娜事件与拉尼娜和负印度洋偶极子（IOD）事件同时发生时表现出完全不同的形态。在纯拉尼娜事件期间,西北太平洋海平面呈现显著的正异常;而2010/2011拉尼娜事件期间西北太平洋海平面明显降低,呈显著的负异常,其与印度洋负IOD事件密切相关。研究结果表明,负IOD事件能在热带西太平洋驱动显著的西风异常,由此减弱了拉尼娜峰值期间西北太平洋海平面正异常。同时,在负IOD峰值期的9月,在日经线附近存在显著的风应力旋度正异常,激发负的海平面异常以Rossby波的形式向西传播,并在第二年6月抵达菲律宾以东海域,维持并加强该海域海平面负异常,进而对北赤道流分叉点位置及输运产生重要的影响。  相似文献   

基于扩频通信的深海水声定位技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

温韶娟  李雨桐  张国恒  查品德 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2021,4(3):206-210

深海空间站在母船伴随保障时面对恶劣天气存在安全风险及水下多平台作业低效的问题,传统的单一的保障船模式仅依靠超短基线等水下定位方法,水下平台定位速度慢、误差大、相互感知协作困难,已无法满足要求.提出了一种基于通信信标的深海水声定位方法,采用宽带扩频通信进行时延估计,然后利用已建立的等效声速表查找等效声速,完成声线修正,从...  相似文献   

A simple model to predict the effect of volume fraction,diameter, and length of fibres on strength of fibre reinforced brittle matrix composites     

T. Kundu  H.S. Jang  Y. H. Cha  C. S. Desai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(7):655-673

A simplified model is presented to predict the strength variations of brittle matrix composites, reinforced by steel fibres, with the variations of fibre parameters—length, diameter and volume fraction. This model predicts that its tensile and flexural strength increase non‐linearly with the fibre volume fraction. It also predicts that similar non‐linear behaviour should be observed with the reduction of the fibre diameter when other parameters are kept constant. The experimental results support both these theoretical predictions. It is also explained why an increase in the fibre length does not always significantly increase the fracture toughness. The objective of this paper is not to explain and understand in great detail the science of all phenomena responsible for the strength increase of fibre reinforced brittle matrix composites, but to provide a simple engineering explanation as to why its strength increases with the fibre addition, and how this increase can be quantitatively related to the variations in fibre parameters—fibre volume fraction, fibre length and diameter. These simplifying steps are needed to provide a tool that the practicing engineers can use to predict the brittle matrix strength variation with the fibre parameters. In the area of geomechanics, the results presented here can be used to assess and predict the behaviour of fibre‐reinforced earth. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Total Microbial Activity and Sulfur Cycling Microbe Changes in Response to the Development of Hypoxia in a Shallow Estuary     

Yunjung Park  Jaeho Cha  Bongkeun Song  Yan Huang  Seoyoung Kim  Suhyun Kim  Eunhye Jo  Samantha Fortin  Soonmo An 《Ocean Science Journal》2020,55(1):165-181

—We examined the effects of changing from oxic to anoxic conditions on microbial communities using both biogeochemical and molecular approaches in a  相似文献   

济阳坳陷沾化凹陷陡坡带始新统沙三段扇三角洲储层成岩作用与有利储层成因     

朱筱敏  刘芬  谈明轩  韩雪芳  张守鹏  耿名扬  李维  董艳蕾 《地质论评》2015,61(4):843-851

15口井岩芯和众多储层实验资料研究表明,沾化凹陷北部陡坡带始新统沙河街组扇三角洲砂体由长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩等构成。在埋藏成岩演化过程中,该砂岩储层经历了多种成岩作用,现储层埋深1800~4000m,处于中成岩演化阶段,总体形成了中孔中渗储层(平均孔隙度为19.7%,平均渗透率为111.5×10-3μm2)。但在成岩演化过程中,溶蚀作用对于改善储层质量起到了重要作用,主要在2800~3300m深度段,有机酸对长石颗粒的溶蚀,形成的粒间和粒内孔隙不仅增加了孔隙度,而且提高了储层渗透率,改善了储层质量(孔隙度可达到30%,渗透率达到1000×10-3μm2)。可以看出,确定次生孔隙发育深度段有利于有利储层和油气富集层段预测。  相似文献   

Impact of local sea surface temperature anomaly over the western North Pacific on extreme East Asian summer monsoon     

Dong-Hyun Cha  Chun-Sil Jin  Dong-Kyou Lee 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(9-10):1691-1705

In this study, the anomalous characteristics of observed large-scale synoptic fields in the extreme East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) years are analyzed, and the impact of the local sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly over the western North Pacific (WNP) on the extreme EASM is investigated through sensitivity experiments of 28?years EASM simulations to the local SST over the WNP. The observation analysis reveals that the extreme EASM is influenced more by anomalous large-scale atmospheric features such as monsoon circulations and the western North Pacific subtropical high than the local SST anomaly over the WNP. However, the results of the sensitivity experiments show that the local SST anomaly has an implicit impact on the extreme EASM. The patterns of differences in precipitation between the experiment forced by observed SST in each year and the experiment forced by climatological SST over the WNP are opposite to anomaly patterns of observed precipitation in the extreme EASM years. This is because the SST anomaly over the WNP plays a role in reducing precipitation anomaly by changing surface latent heat flux and monsoon circulations. In particular, the local SST anomaly over the WNP decreases anomalies of large-scale circulations, i.e., the local Hadley and the Walker circulations. Thus, the local SST anomaly over the WNP plays a role in decreasing the interannual variability of the EASM.  相似文献   

Strategy for the meteorological and environmental airborne observations over the Korean Peninsula     

Chulkyu Lee  Ki-Ho Chang  Jae-Won Jung  Joo-Wan Cha  Young-Jean Choi  Kyungsik Kim 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(1):91-96

Aircraft campaigns for the meteorological and environmental research have been conducted in regional and global scales. The aircraft is increasingly considered as one of the best platforms to get the atmospheric three-dimensional information, especially over sea. We discuss the airborne observation plan and payloads designed for the aircraft campaigns over the Korean Peninsula. The main goals of the campaigns are to (i) conduct precipitation (snow) enhancement experiments with observations of the microphysical properties of clouds, dominantly in winter, (ii) monitor the severe weather generally in summer, (iii) characterize the climate change composition and the outflow of pollution from the Asian continent of the troposphere over the Korean Peninsula generally in spring or fall, and (iv) validate satellite and ground-based remote measurements of tropospheric composition generally in spring or fall.  相似文献