Erosion in northwest Tibet from in‐situ‐produced cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in bedrock     

Ping Kong  Chunguang Na  David Fink  Lin Ding  Feixin Huang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):116-125

Concentrations of in‐situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al in quartz were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry for bedrock basalts and sandstones located in northwest Tibet. The effective exposure ages range between 23 and 134 ka (¹⁰Be) and erosion rates between 4·0 and 24 mm ka^?1. The erosion rates are significantly higher than those in similarly arid Antarctica and Australia, ranging between 0·1 and 1 mm ka^?1, suggesting that precipitation is not the major control of erosion of landforms. Comparison of erosion rates in arid regions with contrasting tectonic activities suggests that tectonic activity plays a more important role in controlling long‐term erosion rates. The obtained erosion rates are, however, significantly lower than the denudation rate of 3000–6000 mm ka^?1 beginning at c. 5‐3 Ma in the nearby Godwin Austen (K2) determined by apatite fission‐track thermochronology. It appears that the difference in erosion rates within different time intervals is indicative of increased tectonic activity at c. 5–3 Ma in northwest Tibet. We explain the low erosion rates determined in this study as reflecting reduced tectonic activity in the last million years. A model of localized thinning of the mantle beneath northwest Tibet may account for the sudden increased tectonic activity at c. 5–3 Ma and the later decrease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

OLR与长江中游夏季降水的关联   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

张礼平  丁一汇  陈正洪  汪金福 《气象学报》2007,65(1):75-83

用SVD方法分析了1、4、7月全球OLR与夏季(6—8月)中国华中区域降水场的关系,结果表明:若1月南非东部沿岸至西印度洋、北美北部OLR(Outgoing Longwave Radiation)偏低(偏高),或北非、美国西南沿岸及近海OLR偏高(偏低),则夏季长江中游降水将偏多(偏少)。若4月澳大利亚至东印度洋、日界线以东热带太平洋OLR偏低(偏高),或西北太平洋偏高(偏低),则夏季长江中游降水将偏多(偏少)。若7月东印度洋—澳大利亚大陆、东亚OLR偏低(偏高),则夏季华中区域长江及其以北降水将偏多(偏少),湖南和江西南部降水将偏少(偏多)。夏季长江中游旱、涝年前期OLR明显的区别在于热带太平洋:涝年1月东、西太平洋为明显负、正异常,4月这种异常进一步加剧;旱年1月正好相反,东、西太平洋为微弱的正、负异常,4月转为东、西太平洋为微弱的负、正异常。太平洋暖池OLR低值区(强对流区)4、7月持续偏南,是夏季长江中游降水偏多的另一重要信号。冬、春季OLR与夏季长江中游降水大尺度关联的可能机制为:若1月热带东、西太平洋OLR为明显负、正异常,4月这种异常进一步加剧,也即冬、春季热带太平洋Walker环流持续减弱,从而使夏季暖池对流活动减弱,热带辐合带偏南,Hadley环流偏弱,使夏季西太平洋副热带高压主体位置偏南,导致中国夏季主雨带不能北推至黄河流域,而长期滞留长江中下游,最后造成长江中游降水异常。  相似文献   

北京地区暖季对流天气的气候特征   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

丁青兰  王令  陈明轩  王迎春  陶祖钰 《气象》2007,33(10):37-44

对北京地区最近12年暖季(5—9月)雷暴、冰雹、暴雨和大风等各种对流天气进行了气候统计和分析。统计结果表明:北京地区暖季发生对流的概率很高,按日数统计的气候概率达47.77%,大风、暴雨和冰雹气候概率分别为27.29%、10.84%和6.29%。暴雨多发季节为7月中旬到8月上旬。冰雹集中于6月中、下旬。在对流天气的地理分布上,北京西北部、东北部山区及西南部山区多对流天气,中心区和东南部平原地区对流天气较少。暴雨呈西南—东北方向带状分布,东北部山区、中部和东南部平原地区多发生暴雨,而西北部和西南部山区很少发生暴雨。山区冰雹明显多于平原。西北部和东北部山区大风偏多。暴雨有明显的夜发性。冰雹集中发生在午后到傍晚,占冰雹总站次的76.72%。  相似文献   

北京地区PM₁₀浓度空间分布特征的综合变分分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

程兴宏徐祥德  陈尊裕丁国安李成才  翁永辉 《应用气象学报》2007,18(2):165-172

利用2003年10月北京地区PM₁₀浓度流动观测资料和同期MODIS AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)高分辨率遥感资料，采用卫星遥感地面观测变分订正处理方法，综合分析了北京地区PM₁₀浓度的空间分布特征以及机动车排放的影响效应。动态观测试验结果表明:北京城区大部分为轻污染区, 北京近郊区PM₁₀浓度高值区沿环路呈环状分布，其中北京西南部、南部和东北部污染较严重，北京城郊街区PM₁₀的空间分布受机动车排放的影响较大。MODIS卫星遥感资料分析表明:北京城区及近郊区AOD值较远郊区高得多，AOD空间分布场中存在虚假高值区，AOD非均匀分布特征不明显。采取点面结合综合观测研究思路，运用卫星遥感地面观测综合变分分析方法，可以取得客观订正的显著效果。经地面实测PM₁₀浓度变分订正后的AOD变分场可以较高分辨率信息描述北京地区AOD的非均匀分布特征，弥补地面PM₁₀浓度观测的缺陷。  相似文献   

辐射参数化方案对一个海气耦合模式云和辐射模拟的影响          下载免费PDF全文

汪方  丁一汇徐影 《应用气象学报》2007,18(3):257-265

比较Morcrette辐射方案和Fu_Liou辐射方案对NCC/IAP T63海气耦合模式云和辐射模拟的影响, 结果表明:两种方案模拟的大气顶入射辐射存在明显的差异; 晴空大气Fu_Liou方案的短波吸收能力在全球普遍较Morcrette方案低; 在60°S~60°N之间, Fu_Liou方案模拟的行星反照率更接近于ERBE卫星观测; 在对大气顶净辐射的模拟上, 除了冬季的太平洋和大西洋东岸云量明显减少的部分地区外, Fu_Liou方案对大气顶净辐射的模拟总体上较Morcrette方案有了较为明显的改善; Fu_Liou方案模拟的海洋低层云显著减少, 而热带地区高云的模拟明显增加; 由于采用了“二元云量”算法, 尽管云量有所减少, Fu_Liou方案模拟的云短波吸收作用仍有所增强, 一定程度上改进了Morcrette方案云的短波吸收作用偏弱的现象。  相似文献   

Compositions of heavy minerals in Northeastern China sandlands and provenance analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xie Jing  Ding ZhongLi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(11):1715-1723

Sand samples deposited since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from the Hulun Buir, Horqin and Otin-dag sandlands were measured for their assemblages of heavy minerals and chemical compositions of detrital garnets and tourmalines. Heavy mineral assemblages of these three sandlands consist mainly of garnet, ilmenite, epidote and minor amphibole and magnetite. Garnets consist mainly of high Mg type-A ones (58% on average), and minor type-B ones. Toumalines are mainly composed of Mg-rich and minor Fe-rich ones. Compared with those of central-southern Mongolia and central Tarim, these three sandlands are derived from the Phanerozoic rocks of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the Archean and Paleoprotorozoic basement rocks of the North China Craton. Our results provide direct evidence that the present-day sands may be reworked from LGM ones. Differences of heavy mineral composi-tions occur between the samples of the three sandlands and Taklimakan Desert, indicating that the material of the western arid regions contributes little to the eastern sandlands.  相似文献   

2004/2005年冬季强寒潮事件的等熵位涡分析   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

丁一汇  马晓青 《气象学报》2007,65(5):695-707

利用2004年12月1日—2005年2月28日的NCAR/NCEP逐日再分析资料,对2004年12月22日—2005年1月1日的强寒潮事件进行等熵位涡分析。结果表明:这次强寒潮事件的强冷空气来自欧亚北部和北极地区的高纬平流层下部与对流层上部。在寒潮爆发前期,高位涡强冷空气传播到贝加尔湖南侧,并被来自低纬度的低位涡空气所切断,在欧亚地区形成北部低位涡(阻塞高压)南部高位涡(低涡)的偶极型环流。随着低位涡的减弱消亡,高位涡强冷空气沿高原北侧向东南方向移动,当高位涡中心移到中国东部地区,高位涡空气柱在垂直方向上强烈向下伸展,使得气柱的气旋性涡度加强,东亚大槽迅速加深,引起寒潮的爆发。进一步分析表明,高位涡中心向南、向下传播过程中,等熵面上高位涡中心附近气流在其西侧和北侧地区沿等熵面下沉,引起上述地区低层西伯利亚高压迅速发展,导致强寒潮爆发。  相似文献   

商丘暴雨日及分布特征研究     

丁国超  张艳玲  余卫东  李春华  王慧娟 《河南气象》2007,(Z1)

对商丘国家观象台1954-2005年月报表中挑取的符合暴雨日条件的142个样本分析,结果表明:商丘暴雨日具有明显的季节性,频发于7、8月份;暴雨日年平均2.73个;日暴雨量最大(193.3 mm)不超过200 mm;最长连续暴雨日数不超过2日;连续暴雨日降水量累计(223.9 mm)不超过250 mm;1 h最大降水量不超过70 mm。暴雨日的年代际变化特征明显,20世纪80年代后暴雨日出现较晚,60-90年代的暴雨日数递减,90年代后有增加趋势;大暴雨日数自60年代起有逐步增加趋势。暴雨日对月、年降水量有显著贡献,4-9月暴雨日对月降水量的贡献很大,且从4月到7月暴雨日的贡献呈递增趋势。一年内暴雨日出现5次时,当年的年雨量为偏多年份。  相似文献   

Occurrence of a White-Light Flare Over a Sunspot and the Associated Change of Magnetic Flux     

J.?P.?LiEmail author  M.?D.?Ding  Y.?Liu 《Solar physics》2005,229(1):115-125

A white-light flare (WLF) on 10 March 2001 was well observed in the Hα line and the Ca ii λ8542 line using the imaging spectrograph installed on the Solar Tower Telescope of Nanjing University. Three small sunspots appeared in the infrared continuum image. In one sunspot, the infrared continuum is enhanced by 4–6% compared to the preflare value, making the sunspot almost disappear in the continuum image for about 3 min. A hard X-ray (HXR) source appeared near the sunspot, the flux of which showed a good time correlation with the profile of the continuum emission. In the sunspot region, both positive and negative magnetic flux suffered a substantial change. We propose that electron precipitation followed by radiative back-warming may play the chief role in heating the sunspot. The temperature rise in the lower atmosphere and the corresponding energy requirement are estimated. The results show that the energy released in a typical WLF is sufficient to power the sunspot heating.  相似文献   

U-Pb dating of zircon fromthe bed parallel anatectic granitic intrusion in the Baoban group in Hainan Island and the tectonic implication     

DING Shijiang  HU Jianmin  SONG Biao    CHEN Mulun  XIE Shengzhou & FAN Yuan . Geological Surveying Institute of Hainan  Haikou  China  . Institute of Geomechanics  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  China  . Beijing Center of SHRIMP  Beijing  China  . Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2092-2103

1 Geological setting Hainan Island is situated in the conjunction region between the Euro-Asian plate, the Indian-Australian plate and the Pacific plate, its tectonic setting and evolution is implicated in understanding the continen-tal margin accretion and evolution of East Asia and the formation of the South China sea. The Jiusuo-Lingshui fault zone divides Hainan Island into the Yaxian Pa-leozoic massif in the south and the Qiongzhong Pa-leozoic massif in the north (Fig. 1), they con…  相似文献