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21.
Summary The atmospheric transmissivity in the water vapour absorption band (6–6.5 ) is evaluated using the recent Tiros III data and based onGoody's statistical model.Work completed while on leave from the Department of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles. 相似文献
22.
A large fraction of the anticipated source detections by the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST-LAT) will initially be unidentified. We argue that traditional approaches to identify individuals and/or populations of gamma ray sources will encounter procedural limitations. Those limitations are discussed on the background of source identifications from EGRET observations. Generally, our ability to classify (faint) source populations in the anticipated GLAST dataset with the required degree of statistical confidence will be hampered by sheer source wealth. A new paradigm for achieving the classification of gamma ray source populations is discussed. 相似文献
23.
Benjamin Poulter Rebecca L. Feldman Mark M. Brinson Benjamin P. Horton Michael K. Orbach Samuel H. Pearsall Enrique Reyes Stanley R. Riggs John C. Whitehead 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(3-4):147-153
Coastal areas are among the world's most vulnerable landscapes to impacts related to climate change, including inundation from sea-level rise (SLR), increased exposure to shoreline erosion, and greater frequency and intensity of storms. The status of research on the physical, ecological, and socio-economic effects of vulnerability to SLR and progress toward planning for its consequences varies from region to region worldwide. Here, we synthesize the results of three decades of SLR research and the development of coastal management policies in North Carolina, USA. We identify the major factors responsible for opening new policy ‘windows’ that address SLR, including how stakeholders have developed an increased understanding of the risks, the extent of public dialogue about potential response strategies, and advances in political receptivity to policy change. Research and policy progress in North Carolina continue to provide a model for other regions to help guide and evaluate the development of coastal policies. 相似文献
24.
Diego F. Torres Shu Zhang Olaf Reimer Xavier Barcons Amalia Corral Valentí Bosch-Ramon Josep M. Paredes Gustavo E. Romero Jin Qu Werner Collmar Volker Schönfelder Yousaf Butt 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):17-21
The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J 1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in 2005. The Circinus Galaxy is the
only source detected within the 4σ location error of GRO J1411-64, but in here excluded as the possible counterpart. At soft X-rays, 22 reliable and statistically
significant sources (likelihood >10) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932,
is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the
COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. At the best location of the source,
detections at hard X-rays show only upper limits, which, together with MeV results obtained by COMPTEL suggest the existence
of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300–700 keV for the so-called low state. Such a spectrum resembles those
in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest at work by the models accordingly. However, an analysis using a microquasar
model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons, shows that it is hard to comply with all
observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the
physical reality of this source, what is discussed here. 相似文献
25.
P. Rodríguez-Gil B. T. Gänsicke H.-J. Hagen S. Araujo-Betancor A. Aungwerojwit C. Allende Prieto D. Boyd J. Casares D. Engels O. Giannakis E. T. Harlaftis J. Kube H. Lehto I. G. Martínez-Pais R. Schwarz W. Skidmore A. Staude M. A. P. Torres 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,377(4):1747-1762
26.
Low calcification rates and calcium carbonate production in Porites panamensis at its northernmost geographic distribution
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Carlos Orión Norzagaray‐López Luis Eduardo Calderon‐Aguilera José Martín Hernández‐Ayón Héctor Reyes‐Bonilla Juan P. Carricart‐Ganivet Rafael Andrés Cabral‐Tena Eduardo Francisco Balart 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1244-1255
Porites panamensis is a hermatypic coral present in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Skeletal growth parameters have been reported, but studies of the relationship between annual calcification rates and environmental controls are scarce. In this study, we investigated three aspects of the annual calcification rates of P. panamensis: growth parameters among three P. panamensis populations; the sea surface temperature as a calcification rate control spanning a latitudinal gradient; and calcium carbonate production among three sites. Growth parameters varied among the sites due to the colony growth form. Massive colonies in the north showed a higher calcification rate than encrusting colonies in the south (mean: 1.22–0.49 g CaCO3 · cm?2 · yr?1), where variations in calcification rates were related to growth rate (0.91–0.38 cm · yr?1) rather than to skeletal density differences (overall mean ± SD, 1.31 ± 0.04 g CaCO3 · cm?3). Our results showed a positive linear relationship between annual calcification rates and sea surface temperatures within these P. panamensis populations. Differences were related to distinct oceanographic environments (within and at the entrance of the Gulf of California) with different sea surface temperature regimes and other chemical properties. Different populations calcified under different environmental conditions. Calcium carbonate production was dependent upon the calcification rate and coral cover and so carbonate production was higher in the north (coral cover 12%) than in the south (coral cover 3.5). Thus, the studied sites showed low calcium carbonate production (0.25–0.43 kg CaCO3 · m?2 · yr?1). Our results showed reduced calcification rates, regional temperature regime control over calcification rates, different growth forms, low coral cover and low calcium carbonate production rates in P. panamensis. 相似文献
27.
Guanabara Bay (GB) is considered to be one of the most polluted environments of the southern Brazilian coastline. This typical estuarine system is impacted by the heavy discharge of both industrial and domestic waste from the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. The mollusc community structure and distribution was investigated between 2000 and 2001, using a three month sampling design of 38 stations, according to austral seasons. Species abundance was aggregated into progressively higher taxa matrices (genus, family, order) and were analysed using multivariate techniques. Mollusc distribution in GB varied significantly in space and time and was probably ruled by the organic enrichment effects of hypoxia and altered redox conditions coupled with prevailing patterns of circulation. Within the sectors of GB an increasing gradient in mollusc diversity and occurrence was observed, ranging from the azoic and impoverished stations in the inner sector to a well-structured community in terms of species composition and abundance inhabiting the outer sector. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis showed similar results when species were aggregated into genera and families, while greater difference occurred at coarser taxonomic identification (order). The literature about taxonomic sufficiency has demonstrated that faunal patterns at different taxonomic levels tend to become similar with increased pollution. In Guanabara Bay, an analysis carried out solely at family level is perfectly adequate to describe the ecophysiological stress. Further aggregation to order level changed the perceived patterns of differences. However, a different taxonomic resolution can be chosen depending on the type of ecological patterns investigated. 相似文献
28.
Hydrological processes of lowland watersheds of the southern USA are not well understood compared to a hilly landscape due to their unique topography, soil compositions, and climate. This study describes the seasonal relationships between rainfall patterns and runoff (sum of storm flow and base flow) using 13 years (1964–1976) of rainfall and stream flow data for a low‐gradient, third‐order forested watershed. It was hypothesized that runoff–rainfall ratios (R/P) are smaller during the dry periods (summer and fall) and greater during the wet periods (winter and spring). We found a large seasonal variability in event R/P potentially due to differences in forest evapotranspiration that affected seasonal soil moisture conditions. Linear regression analysis results revealed a significant relationship between rainfall and runoff for wet (r2 = 0·68; p < 0·01) and dry (r2 = 0·19; p = 0·02) periods. Rainfall‐runoff relationships based on a 5‐day antecedent precipitation index (API) showed significant (r2 = 0·39; p < 0·01) correspondence for wet but not (r2 = 0·02; p = 0·56) for dry conditions. The same was true for rainfall‐runoff relationships based on 30‐day API (r2 = 0·39; p < 0·01 for wet and r2 = 0·00; p = 0·79 for dry). Stepwise regression analyses suggested that runoff was controlled mainly by rainfall amount and initial soil moisture conditions as represented by the initial flow rate of a storm event. Mean event R/P were higher for the wet period (R/P = 0·33), and the wet antecedent soil moisture condition based on 5‐day (R/P = 0·25) and 30‐day (R/P = 0·26) prior API than those for the dry period conditions. This study suggests that soil water status, i.e. antecedent soil moisture and groundwater table level, is important besides the rainfall to seasonal runoff generation in the coastal plain region with shallow soil argillic horizons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
29.
Sergio Torres 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,214(1-2):115-126
30.
Sorption and desorption behavior of residual antidepressants and caffeine in freshwater sediment and sewage sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ismael Laurindo Costa Junior Christiane Schinneider Machado Adelmo Lowe Pletsch Yohandra Reyes Torres 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(3):346-354
The use of antidepressants is widespread in modern times. Thus, they present a potential risk for ecosystems due to occurrence in domestic sewage containing unaltered metabolites and structures, even after the treatment plants have processed the sewage. The current research investigated the sorption and desorption of antidepressants(citalopram, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and amitriptyline) and caffeine from freshwater sediment and sewage sludge. The samples of freshwater sediment were ... 相似文献