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71.
In analyses of compositional data, it is important to select a suitable unchanging component as a reference to detect the
behavior of a single variable in isolation. This paper introduces two tests for detecting the unchanging component, based
on a new approach that utilizes the coefficient of variation of component ratios. That is, the coefficient of variation of
a compositional ratio is subject to change when the unchanging component is switched between the denominator and numerator,
and the coefficient of variation tends to be small when the unchanging component occurs as the denominator against any arbitrary
components (Test 1). In addition, the ratio of the component pair that gives the lowest coefficient of variation is most likely
to represent the two unchanging components (Test 2). However, Tests 1 and 2 are not necessary and sufficient conditions for
uniquely finding the unchanging component. To verify the effectiveness of the tests, 500 artificial datasets were analyzed
and the results suggest that the tests are able to identify the unchanging component, although Test 1 underperforms when the
dataset includes a component with skewness greater than 0.5, and Test 2 fails when the dataset includes components with a
correlation coefficient greater than 0.75. These defects can be overcome by interpreting the two test results in a complementary
manner. The proposed tests provide powerful yet simple criteria for identifying the unchanging component in compositional
data; however, the reliability of this approach needs to be assessed in further studies. 相似文献
72.
Makoto Igarashi Yoichi Nakai Yuko Motizuki Kazuya Takahashi Hideaki Motoyama Kazuo Makishima 《Polar Science》2011,5(4):411-420
We measured the concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate () in the Dome Fuji shallow ice core (Antarctica) from the surface to 40 m depth with the aim of dating the core with reference to the record of volcanic eruptions. Three huge spikes related to large-scale volcanic eruptions were detected at depths of 12.5, 29.9, and 38.8 m, correlated to the eruptions of Tambora (AD 1815), Kuwae (AD 1452) and an unknown event (AD 1259), respectively. We identified another nine spikes related to accurately dated eruption events. The shallow ice core was dated from AD 1260 to AD 2001 based on these 12 eruption events and the assumption of constant annual snow accumulation in the periods between eruption events. The results yield a maximum correction of ∼20 years compared with the dating proposed in a previous study. The annual accumulation varied within ±∼15% of the average water equivalent value over the study period (25.5 mm). 相似文献
73.
S. Noda M. Takeuti F. Abe I. A. Bond R. J. Dodd J. B. Hearnshaw M. Honda M. Honma J. Jugaku Y. Kan-ya Y. Kato P. M. Kilmartin Y. Matsubara K. Masuda Y. Muraki T. Nakamura K. Ohnishi M. Reid N. J. Rattenbury To. Saito Y. Saito H. Sato M. Sekiguchi J. Skuljan D. J. Sullivan T. Sumi R. Yamada T. Yanagisawa P. C. M. Yock M. Yoshizawa 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,348(4):1120-1134
74.
Yoichi Takeda Gang Zhao Masahide Takada-Hidai Yu-Qin Chen Yu-ji Saito Hua-Wei Zhang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2003,3(4):316-340
We performed an extensive non-LTE analysis of the neutral sodiumlines of Na I 5683/5688, 5890/5896, 6154/6161, and 8183/8195 in disk/halo starsof types F-K covering a wide metallicity range (-4 [Fe/H] +0.4), using ourown data as well as data collected from the literature. For comparatively metal-rich disk stars (-1 [Fe/H] +0.4) where the weaker 6154/6161 lines are thebest abundance indicators, we confirmed [Na/Fe] ~ 0 with an "upturn" (i.e., ashallow/broad dip around -0.5 [Fe/H] 0) as already reported in previousstudies. For the metal-deficient halo stars, where the much stronger 5890/5896 or8183/8195 lines subject to considerable (negative) non-LTE corrections amountingto 0.5 dex have to be used, our analysis suggests mildly "subsolar" [Na/Fe] valuesdown to ~ -0.4 (with a somewhat large scatter of ~±0.2 dex) on the average at thetypical halo metallicity of [Fe/H] ~ -2, followed by a rise again to a near-solar ratioof [Na/Fe] ~ 0 at the very metal-poor regime [Fe/H] ~ -3 to -4. These resultsare discussed in comparison with the previous observational studies along with thetheoretical predictions from the available chemical evolution models. 相似文献
75.
Kayo Chihiro Kalt Gerald Tsunetsugu Yuko Hashimoto Seiji Komata Hirotaka Noda Ryu Oka Hiroyasu 《Carbon balance and management》2021,16(1):1-12
With a lack of United States federal policy to address climate change, cities, the private sector, and universities have shouldered much of the work to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine how landcover characteristics influence the amount of carbon (C) sequestered and respired via biological processes, evaluating the role of land management on the overall C budget of an urban university. Boston University published a comprehensive Climate Action Plan in 2017 with the goal of achieving C neutrality by 2040. In this study, we digitized and discretized each of Boston University’s three urban campuses into landcover types, with C sequestration and respiration rates measured and scaled to provide a University-wide estimate of biogenic C fluxes within the broader context of total University emissions. Each of Boston University’s three highly urban campuses were net sources of biogenic C to the atmosphere. While trees were estimated to sequester 0.6 ± 0.2 kg C m−2 canopy cover year−1, mulch and lawn areas in 2018 emitted C at rates of 1.7 ± 0.4 kg C m−2 year−1 and 1.4 ± 0.4 kg C m−2 year−1, respectively. C uptake by tree canopy cover, which can spatially overlap lawn and mulched landcovers, was not large enough to offset biogenic emissions. The proportion of biogenic emissions to Scope 1 anthropogenic emissions on each campus varied from 0.5% to 2%, and depended primarily on the total anthropogenic emissions on each campus. Our study quantifies the role of urban landcover in local C budgets, offering insights on how landscaping management strategies—such as decreasing mulch application rates and expanding tree canopy extent—can assist universities in minimizing biogenic C emissions and even potentially creating a small biogenic C sink. Although biogenic C fluxes represent a small fraction of overall anthropogenic emissions on urban university campuses, these biogenic fluxes are under active management by the university and should be included in climate action plans. 相似文献
76.
Yoichi Itoh Yumiko Oasa Hitoshi Funayama Masahiko Hayashi Misato Fukagawa Toshio Hashiguchi Thayne Currie 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2011,11(3)
We conducted a near-infrared imaging survey of 11 young dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster using the Subaru Telescope and the near-infrared coronagraph imager. We found ten faint point sources,with magnitudes as faint as 20 mag in the K-band,with around seven dwarfs.Comparison with the Spitzer archive images revealed that a pair of the faint sources around V 1171 Tau is very red in infrared wavelengths,which indicates very low-mass young stellar objects.However,the results of our follow-up proper motion measure... 相似文献
77.
78.
We present stellar parameters and abundances of 15 elements (Na, Mg, A1, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Y and Ba) for 23 field RR Lyrae variables based on high-resolution (R ~ 60 000) and high signal-to-noise (S/N~ 200) spectra obtained using the High Dispersion Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope. Six stars in the sample have more than one spectrum observed at different pulsation phases. The derived abundance ratios of [X/Fe] for 14 elements (except for Ba) do not vary during the pulsation cycle. An interesting curve of [Ba/Fe] versus phase is detected for the first time and it shows decreasing [Ba/Fe] with increasing temperature at a given metallicity. Combining with data in the literature, abundances of most RR Lyrae stars as a function of [Fe/H] follow the same trends as those of dwarf stars, but [Sc/Fe] and [Y/Fe] ratios of RR Lyrae stars at solar metallicity are lower than those of dwarf stars. The kinematics of RR Lyrae stars indicate that three comparatively metal-rich RR Lyrae stars might originate from the thick disk and they show higher [a/Fe] ratios than RR Lyrae stars with thin disk kinematics. Among 23 RR Lyrae stars, two special objects are found with abnormal abundances; TV Lib has high [a/Fe], [Sc/Fe], [Y/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] ratios while TW Her has solar [a/Fe] but significantly lower [Sc/Fe], [Y/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] ratios as compared with other RR Lyrae stars. 相似文献
79.
Shigeaki?OnoEmail author Kenichi?Funakoshi Yoichi?Nakajima Yoshinori?Tange Tomoo?Katsura 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,147(4):505-509
Abstract In situ observations of the zircon-reidite transition in ZrSiO4 were carried out using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus and synchrotron radiation. The phase boundary between zircon and reidite was determined to be P (GPa) = 8.5+0.0017×(T-1200) (K) for temperatures between 1100–1900 K. When subducted slabs, including igneous rocks and sediments, descend into the upper mantle, the zircon in the subducted slab transforms into reidite at pressures of about 9 GPa, corresponding to a depth of 270 km. Reidite found in an upper Eocene impact ejecta layer in marine sediments is thought to have been transformed from zircon by a shock event. The peak pressure generated by the shock event in this occurrence is estimated to be higher than 8 GPa.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs 相似文献
80.