Book review     

Ariyo Kanno  Yoji Tanaka  Ryuichiro Shinohara  Akira Kurosawa  Masahiko Sekine 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):283-292

Although visible bands of high-resolution multispectral imagery are used for bathymetry, the relative utility of different bands is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the relative utility of the six visible bands of WorldView-2. We statistically selected the visible bands that gave the best accuracy under different situations, tallying how often each band was included in the best combination. The average frequency was greater than 50% for every band and differed between bands by only 17%. We conclude that all visible bands are useful for remote sensing of water depth, although the utility depends on the image and number of training pixels available.  相似文献   

Size distributions of chondrules and dispersed droplets caused by liquid breakup: An application to shock wave conditions in the solar nebula   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toshihiko Kadono  Masahiko Arakawa 《Icarus》2008,197(2):621-626

We present the results of an aerodynamic liquid dispersion experiment using initially molten silicate samples. We investigate the threshold of breakup and the size distribution of dispersed droplets. The breakup threshold is consistent with the previous experiments using water and a mixture of water and glycerol. Also, we confirm the previous results that the size distributions of dispersed droplets are represented by an exponential form and that the characteristic size of dispersed droplets is related to the dynamic pressure of high-velocity gas flow. The size distribution has a similar form to that of chondrules, though the experiment is not exactly corresponding to the shock heating models for chondrule formation that consider solid precursors which are molten by the shocks. The experimental results indicate that, if liquid chondrule-precursors were dispersed by high-velocity flow, the dynamic pressure of the flow is ∼10 kPa. A chondrule formation condition in a shock-wave heating model suggests that this pressure can be realized at the regions within ∼1 AU in the minimum solar-nebula mass models. However, if the nebula had a larger mass and gravitational instabilities occurred, this pressure may be realized in the spiral arms at 2-3 AU and chondrules may be formed in asteroid belt.  相似文献   

Fog-shelter net at Kegon Fall Area     

H. Arakawa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1960,47(1):195-198

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Baroclinicy along some meridional cross sections through the atmosphere     

H. Arakawa 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1953,6(1):53-58

In view of the importance of baroclinicy for the dynamics of the general circulation of the atmosphere, the intensity of solenoidal field alongHess' mean meridional cross sections through the atmosphere as well as the baroclinicy alongPalmén's individual meridional cross section through the atmosphere are computed, tabulated and illustrated.  相似文献   

On the secular variation of annual totals of rainfall at Seoul from 1770 to 1944     

H. Arakawa 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1956,7(2):205-211

Summary The significance of the rainfall data at Seoul from 1770 to 1907 is discussed. Statistical studies on the rainfall data observed by Korean observers from 1770 to 1907 and the precipitation data observed by Japanese observers from 1908 to 1944 show that the rainfall observations can be taken to be reliable as a whole. There exist apparently well established cycles with a dry period from the 1880's to the 1910's in rainfall activity at Seoul.

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Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung der Niederschlagsmessungen in Söul von 1770 bis 1907 wird diskutiert. Eine statistische Untersuchung der Niederschlagssummen, die von 1770 bis 1907 von koreanischen Beobachtern und von 1908 bis 1944 von japanischen Beobachtern gemessen wurden, führen zu der Feststellung, daß die ganze Niederschlagsreihe als zuverlässig angesehen werden kann. Es treten in der Niederschlagstätigkeit von Söul gut ausgebildete Zyklen mit einer Trockenperiode von den 1880er bis zu den 1910er Jahren auf.

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Résumé L'auteur discute la valeur des mesures des précipitations qui ont été faites à Séoul de 1770 à 1907. L'examen statistique des sommes des précipitations mesurées de 1770 à 1907 par des observateurs coréens et de celles de 1908 à 1944 mesurées par des observateurs japonais, permet de conclure que toute la série des précipitations est homogène. A Séoul l'activité des précipitations semble être soumise à des cyles déterminés, comprenant une période sèche qui s'étend entre les années 1880 et 1910.

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With 3 Figures  相似文献   

Thermal diffusivity of stishovite     

Masahiro Osako  Yoji Kobayashi 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(2):P1-P4

The thermal diffusivity of synthetic polycrystalline stishovite was determined by the Ångstrom method in the temperature range 300–550 K at 1 atm. The calculated thermal conductivity of stishovite at 300 K is 0.086 W cm^?1 K^?1 which is comparable to that for TiO₂-rutile but much lower than for GeO₂ and SnO₂. The observed thermal conductivities of rutile-structure oxides increase systematically with increasing density, in contrast with the expected behavior for isostructural compounds.  相似文献   

On the physical parameters for Centaurus X-3 and Hercules X-1     

George E. McCluskey Jr.  Yoji Kondo 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1972,19(2):279-284

Upper and lower limits on the physical parameters for Cen X-3 and Her X-1 have been computed from a simple assumption involving the mass function.  相似文献   

Analysis of the Time-Dependent Chemical Evolution of Titan Haze Tholin     

Bishun N. KhareE.L.O. Bakes  Hiroshi ImanakaChristopher P. McKay  Dale P. CruikshankEdward T. Arakawa 《Icarus》2002,160(1):172-182

Haze particles exert a significant influence over the thermodynamics and radiation absorption properties of the Titan haze, as well as its complex organic chemistry. Characterization of both the molecular and the submicrometer components of the haze is therefore vital for understanding the global properties of Titan. We have carried out a Titan tholin synthesis experiment and measured the time variation of the infrared spectrum of the product as a thin film developed. Also, to examine the possibility of oxygen contamination, we compared the infrared spectrum of the tholin film with that of a tholin film exposed to dry air and laboratory air. The objective of this study is to understand the chemical processes related to how simple organic molecules are processed into more complex haze particles. The progressive development of features characteristic of amines, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and nitriles in the experimental mixture is clear. Of particular interest is the formation of aromatic rings after only a few seconds of glow discharge, indicating that these compounds appear to be intermediates between simple haze molecules and microphysical aerosols. The early dominance of aromatic ring structures is accompanied during the later stages of the experiment by the appearance of nitrile and amine compounds. This time-dependent succession of chemical structures provides vital clues to the possible chemical formation pathways of Titan haze aerosols.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and tectonic implications of Proterozoic amphibolites in the northeastern part of the Yeongnam massif, South Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoji Arakawa  Kye-Hun Park  Nam-Hoon Kim  Yong-Sun Song  Hiroshi Amakawa 《Island Arc》2003,12(2):180-189

Abstract   Amphibolites in the Haenggongni area (Haenggongni amphibolite) and the Okbang area (Okbang amphibolite) in northeastern Yeongnam massif, South Korea occur as a sill-like body or inclusions within the metasedimentary sequences of the Proterozoic Wonnam Group. Major and trace element characteristics demonstrate that both amphibolites have tholeiitic chemical affinity. They are characterized by nearly flat rare earth element (REE) patterns, and low contents of immobile incompatible elements and have low values of Zr/Y, Ti/Y, La/Nb and Ta/Yb ratios, indicating enriched (E)-type mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) affinities for their protoliths. This suggests that amphibolite protoliths formed in an extensional rift setting leading up to ocean opening. In combination with the previous studies in Yeongnam massif, three protolith types of amphibolites are assumed (E-type MORB, within-plate basalt and volcanic arc basalt). They could have been originated in different tectonic settings and/or different episodes. These characteristics are clearly different from the amphibolites in the Gyeonggi massif and Okcheon belt, in which most of the amphibolites show a within-plate basalt affinity that developed in continental rift zone.  相似文献   

Elemental and Nd-Sr isotopic geochemistry of granitoids from the West Junggar foldbelt (NW China), with implications for Phanerozoic continental growth   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

B. Chen  Y. Arakawa 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(5):1307-1320

We report elemental and Nd-Sr isotopic data for two coeval postcollisional magmatic suites (∼300 Ma), the Miaogou and Karamay suites, from West Junggar foldbelt (NW China), aiming to determine their source regions and implications for continental growth. The Miaogou rocks, monzonitic to granitic in composition, show low Mg# (<0.30) and depletion of HFSE, and are highly depleted in isotopic compositions, with I_Sr ranging from 0.7035 to 0.7045, ε_Nd(300 Ma) from + 8.4 to + 6.6 and young Nd model ages (0.37-0.70 Ga) that coincide with the ages of the ophiolites in the area. These features suggest that the Miaogou rocks were derived essentially by partial melting of a juvenile basaltic lower crust formed in the early to middle Palaeozoic. The Karamay suite contains a variety of rock types from gabbroic diorite to granite. These rocks show enrichment of LREE and LILE and depletion of HFSE, and have chemical composition (e.g., Mg# = 0.63-0.41) rather different from the Miaogou suite, though isotopically they are indistinguishable. This suggests that the parental magma of the Karamay suite originated from melting of a young lithospheric mantle that had previously been metasomatized during the Palaeozoic subduction. The West Junggar magmatic rocks represent production of juvenile continental crust in the Phanerozoic, triggered by upwelling of asthenophere in an extensional regime. The basement beneath the area is dominated by “trapped” Palaeozoic arc series and oceanic crust.  相似文献