Propagation of slip along frictional surfaces     

Yoshiaki Ida 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(4-5):943-953

The propagation of slip along a pre-existing frictional plane is formulated for the faults containing interstitial fluid. When normal and shear stresses satisfy the effective frictional law, a frictional sliding occurs stably or unstably, depending on the inhomogeneities of the surface. For a slip to rapidly sweep the surface, the pore pressure of fluid must exceed the critical value that is related to the physical or geometrical irregularities of the surface. If this condition fails, stable sliding is expected, analogous to a seismic fault creep. This prediction makes the role of water in seismic faulting more clear.  相似文献   

Late quaternary uplift in eastern Indonesia     

H.D. Tjia  Shoji Fujii  Kunihiko Kigoshi  Arata Sugimura 《Tectonophysics》1974,23(4):427-433

Radiocarbon dates of fifteen samples representing raised shorelines on various islands of the tectonically mobile region of eastern Indonesia suggest rates of tectonic uplift ranging up to 12.5 mm/year. Low rates of 0.35–1.2 mm/year are from Biak Island and are averages for the last 31,000–36,000 years. The low rates may be explained to indicate subsidence alternating with uplift, both of which occurring under influence of the large Irian fault zone that passes to the immediate south of the island. Very young elevated strandlines (250 years BP) indicate rates of uplift between 8 and 12.5 mm/year which seem to demonstrate the episodic character of vertical diastrophic movements. Intermediate rates of uplift are in the order of 5 mm/year and may represent averages for eastern Indonesia.  相似文献   

Interionic repulsive force and compressibility of ions     

Yoshiaki Ida 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1976,13(2):97-104

The compressibility of an individual ion is examined, in comparison with a known set of data for the alkali halides. A simple extrapolation of ionic radius to high pressure is not acceptable, because the pressure derivative of ionic radius changes for different salts. According to the classical concept of an elastic ion, the repulsive potential energy between the ions i and j is specified by the nature of each ion as: as a function of the interionic distance r. In this expression, q_i and ρ_i are the ionic radius and ionic compressibility, respectively, in a suitably modified meaning. Such a form of the repulsive potential fits well to the data of lattice constants and bulk moduli. The parameters q_i and ρ_i are evaluated for alkali and halogen ions, and an anion turns out to be much more compressible than a cation. The present treatment may be usefully applied to the minerals in the Earth's mantle, which contain only a few major ions.  相似文献   

A method for estimating casualties due to the tsunami inundation flow     

Shunichi Koshimura  Toshitaka Katada  Harold O. Mofjeld  Yoshiaki Kawata 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):265-274

This study develops a method for estimating the number of casualties that may occur while people evacuate from an inundation zone when a tsunami has inundated an area. The method is based on a simple model of hydrodynamic forces as they affect the human body. The method uses a Tsunami casualty index (TCI) computed at each grid point of a numerical tsunami model to determine locations and times within the tsunami inundation zone where evacuation during the tsunami inundation is not possible and therefore where casualties are likely to occur. The locations and times can be combined with information about population density to compute the potential number of casualties. This information is useful in developing tsunami evacuation routes that avoid such locations. To illustrate the method, it is applied to the Seattle waterfront in Washington State, USA, that is under the threat of possible tsunami disasters due to Seattle Fault earthquakes. Preliminary results suggest that the tsunami casualties may occur within the Seattle waterfront for 15 min, during the time interval from 3 to 18 min after a large Seattle Fault tsunami is generated when the background tide level is mean high water.  相似文献   

阿尔泰基性麻粒岩的发现：来自矿物学的证据   总被引：5，自引：10，他引：5  

厉子龙陈汉林  杨树锋肖文交 YoshiakiTAINOSHO 《岩石学报》2004,20(6):1445-1455

新疆北部阿尔泰造山带富蕴乌恰沟一带首次发现代表中、下地壳深变质作用的基性麻粒岩详细的野外和室内研究表明阿尔泰基性麻粒岩主要由粗粒和细粒的麻粒岩组成(SiO2含量为47．83～53．57％)。两者的矿物组合相近，为斜方辉石 单斜辉石 斜长石 角闪石 黑云母。角闪石和黑云母成分富镁，可能与岩石的成分富镁有关、基性麻粒岩的岩石地球化学成分显示其富Mg/(Mg Fe^2 )和亏损U，Th，K及Rb，而且其原岩为钙碱性玄武岩，是岛弧构造环境下形成的产物。矿物化学特征表明斜方辉石中Mg／(Mg Fe^2 )介于0．65～0．71之间，为紫苏辉石，具高MgO FeO，低Al2O3和Ca／(Ca Mg Fe)，而单斜辉石具低TiO2和Al2O3的特点，说明它们皆为变质成因。部分角闪石和褐色黑云母富钛，指示它们为高温下形成的产物。这些特征证实了上述岩石为基性麻粒岩。角闪石和黑云母氟和氯含量较低以及水速度较高，暗示其流体成分氟和氯在变质作用过程中不起主导作用。根据麻粒岩中矿物共生组合、期次和矿物温压计估算，麻粒岩形成的峰期和退变质温压条件分别为750～780℃，0．6～0．7GPa和590～620℃，0．23～0．37GPa，前者属高温中压条件，阿尔泰地区基性麻粒岩的发现为进一步研究阿尔泰地区深部下地壳的组成和结构以及深化阿尔泰地区、新疆北部甚至中亚地区大陆动力学过程和机制都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Parameters of the fluid core resonance inferred from superconducting gravimeter data     

Tadahiro Sato  Yoshiaki Tamura  Koji Matsumoto  Yuichi Imanishi  Herbert McQueen 《Journal of Geodynamics》2004,38(3-5):375

We have estimated the parameters of fluid core resonance (FCR) due to the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth's core based on the superconducting gravimeter (SG) data obtained at the following four observation sites; Esashi and Matsushiro in Japan, Canberra in Australia and Membach in Belgium. By fitting the tidal admittances normalized with the O1 wave at each site to a model of the damped harmonic oscillator, we obtained values of 429.66 ± 1.43 sidereal days, 9350–10,835, −4.828E−4 ± 3.4E−6, −3.0E−5 ± 4.5E−6 for the eigenperiod, the Q-value and the real and imaginary parts of the resonance strength, respectively. Our values obtained from only using the gravity data are very consistent with those inferred from the VLBI nutation data. Our study strongly indicates that the systematic difference between two estimations from the gravity and the nutation in particular for the Q-value, which has been shown in previous works, is mainly caused by the inaccurate correction for the ocean tide effects. The error in the ocean tide correction is discussed based on the comparison among four global ocean tide models; Schwiderski model (1980), NAO.99b (Matsumoto et al., 2000), CSR4.0 (Eanes and Bettadpur, 1994) and GOT99.2b (Ray, 1999).  相似文献   

Continuous Measurements of Ground-Water Seepage Using an Automatic Seepage Meter   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Makoto Taniguchi  Yoshiaki Fukuo 《Ground water》1993,31(4):675-679

  相似文献   

GAME-TIBET青藏高原云和降水综合观测概况及初步结果   总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6  

刘黎平  楚荣忠  宋新民  周筠君  冯锦明  陈成品  张彤  S.Shimizu  K.Ueno  T.Koike  H.Fujii  H.Yamada  Y.Aoi  T.Ueno  J.Horikomi  M.Kajikawa  R Shirooka  J.Teshima 《高原气象》1999,18(3):441-450

对中日合作青藏高原能量水分循环试验项目中云和降水的多普勒雷达观测使用的气象观测仪器和获取的资料等情况进行了总结,并给出了那曲地区水的日变化,不同 雨量计测量降水的对比分析,风速对测量降水影响,多普勒雷达资料的个例分析及云的数值模拟的等初步结果。  相似文献   

Zircon U–Pb dating of gabbro and diorite from the Bato pluton,northeast Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Terumi Ejima  Yoshiaki Kon  Shigenori Kawano  Daisuke Araoka 《Island Arc》2018,27(1)

To constrain the timing of the tectonothermal events and formation process of a plutonic suite, U–Pb dating was carried out by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with cathodoluminescence imaging on zircon grains extracted from the Bato pluton, northern Yamizo Mountains, Japan. The Bato pluton consists of gabbro and diorite. Zircon grains separated from a gabbro sample had a unimodal ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb age (105.7 ±1.0 Ma). It was interpreted as the solidification age of the gabbro. Cathodoluminescence observation showed that the zircon grains from a diorite sample were characterized by anhedral cores, oscillatory zoned mantles, and dark rims. The ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb age of the anhedral cores ranged from 2 165 Ma to 161 Ma, indicating the assimilation of surrounding sedimentary rocks. The ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb ages of the oscillatory zoned mantles and dark rims are 109.0 ±1.3 Ma and 107.7 ±1.3 Ma, respectively. Observation under polarizing microscopy suggests that the anhedral cores occurred before plagioclase and hornblende, and the oscillatory zones around the anhedral cores had crystallized at the same time as the crystallization of biotite. Moreover, the dark rims formed at the same time as the crystallization of quartz and K‐feldspar. The formation process of the gabbro‐diorite complex in the Bato pluton was inferred as follows. (i) A mafic initial magma intruded into Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, and the assimilation of these sedimentary rocks led to geochemical variation yielding a dioritic composition. Subsequently, plagioclase and hornblende of the diorite were crystallized before 109.0 ±1.3 Ma. (ii) Biotite crystallized in the middle stage around 109.0 ±1.3 Ma. (iii) Quartz and K‐feldspar of the diorite were crystallized at 107.7 ±1.3 Ma. The gabbroic magma solidified (105.7 ±1.0 Ma) after solidification of the diorite.  相似文献   

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Associated with Groundwater Over-Exploitation Vulnerability: Geographic Information System-Based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis     

Saqr  Ahmed M.  Ibrahim  Mona G.  Fujii  Manabu  Nasr  Mahmoud 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(6):4255-4276

Natural Resources Research - Groundwater over-exploitation is related to various environmental, economic, and social aspects, which should be addressed comprehensively to support a sustainable...  相似文献