Year-to-year change in water exchange characteristics in a semi-enclosed bya,Lake Hamana     

Yoshihiro Mazda 《Journal of Oceanography》1984,40(3):199-206

The year-to-year change in characteristics of water exchange between Lake Hamana, a semi-enclosed bya, and the adjacent open sea is investigated.The destruction of the bay mouth by a typhoon in 1953 and subsequent stabilization work on the bay mouth from 1954 to 1973 resulted in an increase in the tidal prism volume of the bay (Mazda, 1983). In the present paper, a simple model has been constructed in which the magnitude of water exchange depends on the tidal prism, and using this model, the year-to-year increase in salinity of the bay water after 1953 can be well explained. Consequently, it can be said that the salinity increase after 1953 is a result of a progressive increase in water exchange caused by successive changes in topography of the bay mouth.The extent of water exchange in Lake Hamana, which varies seasonally, has increased gradually since 1953, and became stable after about 1967. For instance, at present the turnover time of the bay for exchange with open sea water reaches a maximum (2.9 months) in January and a minimum (0.9 month) in October, while in 1955 it is estimated to have been about 2.5 times that at the present time.  相似文献   

Vertical two-dimensional mechanism of tidal exchange in a bay with a sill-entrance     

Yoshihiro Mazda 《Journal of Oceanography》1985,41(4):225-234

For a vertical two-dimensional field with a sill at a bay entrance, the tidal exchange mechanism is discussed.The schematic model is proposed as follows. The tidal trapping effect which is detected at the entrance section,i. e., the material transport due to the phase difference between the tidal periodic constituent of material concentration and tidal current at the entrance section, results because the oscillatory tidal flow at the sill entrance induces a gravitational flow along the sill slope inside the entrance. Accordingly, the tidal trapping effect depends largely upon the difference in water density between the bay and open sea and the density stratification in the bay.This model is supported by the observations at Kabira Cove (Okinawa Pref.) and Lake Hamana (Shizuoka Pref.) in 1976 through 1984. In addition, based on this model, in the case of Lake Hamana, the activity of the tidal exchange is inferred to change seasonally.  相似文献   

Brittle normal faulting in the highest-grade Sambagawa metamorphic rocks of central Shikoku, southwest Japan: Indication of the exhumation into the upper crustal level     

Abdel-Hamid El-Fakharani  Toru Takeshita   《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(5-6):303-322

Analysis of fault system in the high-P/T type Sambagawa metamorphic rocks of central Shikoku, southwest Japan, shows that conjugate normal faults pervasively developed in the highest-grade biotite zone (upper structural level) in three study areas (Asemi river, Oriu and Niihama areas). These conjugate normal faults consist of NE–SW to E–W striking and moderately north-dipping (set A), and NNW–SSE striking and moderately east dipping (set B) faults. The fault set A is dominant compared to the fault set B, and hence most of deformation is accommodated by the fault set A, leading to non-coaxial deformation. The sense of shear is inferred to be a top-to-the-WNW to NNW, based on the orientations of striation or quartz slickenfibre and dominant north-side down normal displacement. These transport direction by normal faulting is significantly different from that at D₁ penetrative ductile flow (i.e. top-to-the-W to WNW). It has also been found that these conjugate normal faults are openly folded during the D₃ phase about the axes trending NW–SE to E–W and plunging west at low-angles or horizontally, indicating that normal faulting occurred at the D₂ phase. D₂ normal faults, along which actinolite breccia derived from serpentinite by metasomatism sometimes occurs, perhaps formed under subgreenschist conditions (ca. 250 °C) in relation to the final exhumation of Sambagawa metamorphic rocks into the upper crustal level. The pervasive development of D₂ normal faults in the upper structural level suggests that the final exhumation of Sambagawa metamorphic rocks could be caused by “distributed extension and normal faulting (removal of overburden)” in the upper crust.  相似文献   

Episyenite formation in the Toki granite,central Japan     

Shoji?NishimotoEmail author  Hidekazu?Yoshida  Yoshihiro?Asahara  Tadahiko?Tsuruta  Masayuki?Ishibashi  Nagayoshi?Katsuta 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,167(1):960

Episyenite is a quartz-depleted vuggy rock resulting from hydrothermal alteration of granitic rocks. This is the first report of its existence in an island arc, which is identified in a deep drill core of the Toki Cretaceous granite distributed in central Japan. In order to understand the petrographical features of the episyenite, neutron porosity measurement, geochemical analysis, microscopic observation, and X-ray computed tomography scanning were carried out. The results show remarkably high porosity (35.4 %) due to interconnecting vugs and the removal of quartz, plagioclase, and biotite. The Rb–Sr isotopic results and the paragenetic sequence of secondary minerals in the vugs suggest that the hydrothermal alteration process can be divided into an episyenitization stage and a later hydrothermal stage. At the episyenitization stage (70.6 ± 3.1 Ma) ca. 6 million years after the emplacement of the unaltered granite (76.3 ± 1.5 Ma), dissolution of quartz, biotite, and plagioclase occurred and was followed by the precipitation of albite, vermicular chlorite, and platy calcite. The episyenitization is considered as a local alteration of the Toki granite in an isotopically closed system. At the later hydrothermal stage, illite and secondary quartz precipitated from circulating meteoric-derived water in the dissolution vugs. Superimposing alteration at the later hydrothermal stage is limited, which results in the preservation of the episyenite in an almost primitive condition.  相似文献   

Biogenic opal production changes during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition in the Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323 Site U1343)     

Sunghan Kim  Kozo Takahashi  Boo-Keun Khim  Yoshihiro Kanematsu  Hirofumi Asahi  Ana Christina Ravelo 《Quaternary Research》2014

Biogenic opal content and mass accumulation rate (MAR) at IODP Expedition 323 Site U1343 were found to fluctuate consistently, generally being high under warm conditions and low under cold conditions during the last 2.4 Ma. Continuous wavelet transform analysis of the normalized biogenic opal content indicates that export production in the Bering Sea varied predominantly at 41-ka periodicity before 1.25 Ma, and shifted to 100-ka periodicity at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1.25–0.7 Ma). The 100-ka cycles dominated until the Holocene. Export production in the Bering Sea decreased markedly in the Bering Sea two times during the MPT: the first occurred at the beginning of the MPT (1.25 Ma) and the second in the middle of the MPT (0.9 Ma). These decreases coincided with both increases in the relative abundance of sea-ice diatoms and decreases in the warm-water diatom species Neodenticula seminae, indicating that reductions in export production in the Bering Sea during the MPT were associated with climate cooling. Decreases in export production in the Bering Sea during the MPT were most likely associated with the increased influence of polar/Arctic domains on the high-latitude North Pacific.  相似文献   

Changes in stream flow regime in headwater catchments of the Yellow River basin since the 1950s     

Hongxing Zheng  Lu Zhang  Changming Liu  Quanxi Shao  Yoshihiro Fukushima 《水文研究》2007,21(7):886-893

The headwater catchments of the Yellow River basin generate over 35% of the basin's total stream flow and play a vital role in meeting downstream water resources requirements. In recent years the Yellow River has experienced significant changes in its hydrological regime, including an increased number of zero‐flow days. These changes have serious implications for water security and basin management. We investigated changes in stream flow regime of four headwater catchments since the 1950s. The rank‐based non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to detect trends in annual stream flow. The results showed no significant trend for the period 1956 to 2000. However, change‐point analysis showed that a significant change in annual stream flow occurred around 1990, and hence the stream‐flow data can be divided into two periods: 1956–1990 and 1991–2000. There was a considerable difference in average annual stream flow between the two periods, with a maximum reduction of 51%. Wet‐season rainfall appears to be the main factor responsible for the decreasing trend in annual stream flow. Reductions in annual stream flow were associated with decreased interannual variability in stream flow. Seasonal stream flow distribution changed from bimodal to unimodal between the two periods, with winter stream flow showing a greater reduction than other seasons. Daily stream flow regime represented by flow duration curves showed that all percentile flows were decreased in the second period. The high flow index (Q₅/Q₅₀) reduced by up to 28%, whereas the reduction in the low flow index (Q₉₅/Q₅₀) is more dramatic, with up to 100% reduction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Non-destructive elemental analysis of lunar meteorites using a negative muon beam     

I-Huan Chiu  Kentaro Terada  Takahito Osawa  Changkun Park  Soshi Takeshita  Yasuhiro Miyake  Kazuhiko Ninomiya 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(9):1333-1344

We report the result of a non-destructive elemental analysis of lunar meteorites using a negative muon beam at J-PARC. An experimental system of six Ge semiconductor detectors and a newly designed He analysis chamber (to enable quantitative analysis of Al) was used to provide a high signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of major elements from lunar rocks (Mg, Si, Fe, O, Ca, and Al). We performed a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the chemical compositions at two sides and the center of a sample (at depths of 0.33 and 0.96 mm below the sample surface, respectively) of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007. These results indicate that the three interior regions of DEW 12007 are likely to be 55.8:44.2, 51.4:48.6, and 54.4:45.6 wt% mixtures of anorthositic and basaltic clasts, respectively. This study is the first quantitative analysis of a heterogeneous meteorite interior using a negative muon beam. As elemental analysis using a muon beam is non-destructive and highly sensitive to light elements, including C, N, and O, the protocols established in this study are applicable to initial characterization of returned samples from the South Pole of the Moon.  相似文献   

Upper Eocene travertine-lacustrine carbonate in the Jianchuan basin,southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Reappraisal of its origin and implication for the monsoon climate     

Aki Sakuma  Akihiro Kano  Yoshihiro Kakizaki  Ryuji Tada  Honbo Zheng 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12416

The Asian monsoon is one of the largest climatic systems in the world, but age of its onset has been estimated differently ranging from the late Eocene to the Quaternary. We investigated the sedimentology and stable isotopic compositions of the upper Eocene Jiuziyan Formation, a terrestrial limestone unit in the Jianchuan basin, Yunnan Province in China. This limestone formation is restricted in several localities in the central part of the basin. Previously, this has been characterized as palustrine carbonate and the transition to the sublacustrine deposit of the overlying Shuanghe Formation was interpreted as the appearance of wetter climate during the late Eocene. Our observations of macro- and microfacies revealed sedimentary fabrics indicating rapid CaCO₃ precipitation, such as dendritic calcite and calcified reed stems, which are unlikely to develop in a simple lacustrine setting. High carbonate content (mostly >90 %) and restricted distribution of the Jiuziyan limestone indicate a depositional setting spatially limited and isolated from clastic influx. These findings, together with clearly higher δ¹³C values (−0.7 ‰ to +6.9 ‰) and lower δ¹⁸O values (−14.6 ‰ to −10.5 ‰) than those of the Shuanghe Formation, indicate that the limestone was mainly travertine, carbonate formed from endogenic spring water. The elevated δ¹³C resulted from a large amount of CO₂ degassing from spring water with high pCO₂. In addition, the occurrence of centimeter-scale lamination coupled with cyclic changes in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O is almost identical with the modern annually-laminated travertine reported from Baishuitai in northern Yunnan Province, implying comparable amplitude of seasonal temperature and precipitation changes to the record of the modern travertine at Baishuitai. Our results do not contradict the previous interpretation of late Eocene wetting and additionally suggest the existence of the late Eocene monsoon climate in the Jianchuan basin.  相似文献   

Multi-approach characterization of shallow-water carbonates off Minamitorishima and their depositional settings/history     

Md. Aftabuzzaman  Kazuki Yomogida  Shota Suzuki  Hideko Takayanagi  Akimasa Ishigaki  Shiki Machida  Yoshihiro Asahara  Koshi Yamamoto  Naoto Hirano  Shin-Ichi Sano  Shun Chiyonobu  Davide Bassi  Yasufumi Iryu 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12400

Sedimentological, geochemical, and chronological analyses were carried out on 18 carbonate rock samples collected at depths of 938, 1085, and 3354 m on the western slope of Minamitorishima (Marcus Island), which is located near the western margin of the Pacific Plate. Four groups of carbonate rocks were distinguished: a mollusk-rich limestone, a coral-rich dolomite, a foraminiferal-nannofossil packstone, and a phosphatized mudstone/wackestone. The mollusk-rich limestone is characterized by the dominance of bivalves (including rudists) and gastropod shells. Strontium isotope ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and Mesorbitolina ex gr. texana (a large benthic foraminifer) indicate that the shallow-water carbonates were deposited during the late Aptian–early Albian (ca. 123–111 Ma). The coral-rich dolomite is characterized by abundant scleractinian corals and nongeniculate coralline algae associated with encrusting acervulinid foraminifers. The biotic composition is similar to that of the Oligocene–Pleistocene carbonates reported from other seamounts in the northwestern Pacific. Geochemical data show that the coral-rich carbonates were dolomitized at 9.5–6.8 Ma (Tortonian–Messinian) and that normal seawater was the most likely parent fluid. The foraminiferal-nannofossil packstone is a semi-consolidated foraminiferal-nannofossil ooze and was deposited during the Pleistocene (0.99–0.45 Ma). The phosphatized mudstone/wackestone is marked by the absence of macrofossils and the presence of traces of planktic foraminifers. Although its depositional age is not constrained, the Sr isotope ratios indicate that the phosphatization occurred at 33.2–28.9 Ma. After the deposition of the Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates, including the mollusk-rich limestone, Minamitorishima was drowned and its top was covered with a pelagic cap, represented by the mudstone/wackestone. The late Eocene–early Oligocene volcanism (40.2–33.2 Ma) caused episodic uplift and returned the top of Minamitorishima to a shallow-water environment. After the early Oligocene phosphatization of the pelagic cap, coral reefs flourished on the top of this island. The reef limestone was dolomitized during the Tortonian–Messinian.  相似文献   

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of high-K granite from the Suffi abad area, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, NW Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hossein Azizi  Yoshihiro Asahara  Behzad Mehrabi  Sun Lin Chung 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(4):363-376

The Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ) trends northwestward in western Iran on the Precambrian to Paleozoic basement and exposes abundant I-type granitoids and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks that were most active during the Late Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous. The petrogenesis of the granitoids and associated volcanic rocks has been widely related to Neotethyan subduction beneath the Iranian plate. We report a geochronological and geochemical study of the Suffi abad granite (SLG) body that crops outs southeast of Sanandaj within the SSZ and is mainly composed of K-feldspar + quartz + plagioclase ± hornblende. The SLG, which shows a high-K calc-alkaline affinity, has LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb ages ranging between 149 ± 2 and 144 ± 3 Ma and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of ∼0.7024–0.7069 and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd of ∼0.5125–0.5127. These value correspond to an ?_Nd (145 Ma) of +1.5 and +4.9, suggesting that the SLG originated from the juvenile crust or depleted mantle with a young T_DM (650–900 Ma) over the subduction zone beneath the SSZ. Zircon saturation temperatures suggest that crystallization of the zircons, or emplacement of the host magmas, occurred at 560–750 °C, consistent with an intergrowth texture of K-feldspar and quartz that implies crystallization around the K-feldspar-quartz eutectic at lower temperatures. Overall, geochemical data suggest that crystallization of the hornblende and plagioclase played a role in magma differentiation. These data allow us to conclude that the high-K SLG did not originate directly from the juvenile mantle source as do most I-type, calc-alkaline granitoids, but more likely was produced from the partial melting of pre-existing I-type granitoids in the upper continental crust under low pressure conditions.  相似文献