Single-crystal EPR study of three radiation-induced defects (Al–O2 3?, Ti3+ and W5+) in stishovite     

Yuanming Pan  Mao Mao  Zucheng Li  Sanda M. Botis  Rudolf I. Mashkovtsev  Anton Shatskiy 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(8):627-637

Single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of electron-irradiated stishovite, measured at temperatures from 3.5 to 294?K, reveal three S?=?1/2 radiation-induced defects: an aluminum-associated oxygen hole center and two nd ¹ centers (Ti³⁺ and W⁵⁺). The aluminum-associated oxygen hole center, characterized by an orthorhombic site symmetry, coaxial matrices of the electronic Zeeman g, nuclear hyperfine A(²⁷Al) and nuclear quadrupole P(²⁷Al), and the orientation of the g-minimum axis along an O–O direction and those of the unique A(²⁷Al) and P(²⁷Al) axes perpendicular to the O–O direction, is an Al–O₂ ^3? center, with the unpaired electron equally distributed on two equatorial oxygen atoms of a substitutional Al³⁺ ion at the octahedral Si site. Fully optimized Al-doped structure, theoretical ²⁷Al nuclear hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants and directions, and 3D spin densities from periodic hybrid density functional theory calculations provide further support for this structural model. Spin Hamiltonian parameters of the Ti³⁺ and W⁵⁺ centers, which are confirmed by their diagnostic ⁴⁷Ti, ⁴⁹Ti and ¹⁸³W hyperfine structures, arise from electron trapping on substitutional Ti⁴⁺ and W⁶⁺ ions at the octahedral Si site.  相似文献   

Phase transitions and proton ordering in hemimorphite: new insights from single-crystal EPR experiments and DFT calculations     

Mao Mao  Zucheng Li  Yuanming Pan 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(2):133-143

Single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of gamma-ray-irradiated hemimorphite (Mapimi, Durango, Mexico) after storage at room temperature for 3 months, measured from 4 to 275 K, reveal a hydroperoxy radical HO₂ derived from the water molecule in the channel. The EPR spectra of the HO₂ radical confirm that hemimorphite undergoes two reversible phase transitions at ~98 and ~21 K and allow determinations of its spin Hamiltonian parameters, including superhyperfine coupling constants of two more-distant protons from the neighboring hydroxyl groups, at 110, 85, 40 and 7 K. These EPR results show that the HO₂ radical changes in site symmetry from monoclinic to triclinic related to the ordering and rotation of its precursor water molecule in the channel at <98 K. The monoclinic structure of hemimorphite with completely ordered O–H systems at low temperature has been evaluated by both the EPR spectra of the HO₂ radical at <21 K and periodic density functional theory calculations.  相似文献   

Effects of spring–summer grazing on longitudinal dune surface in southern Gurbantunggut Desert     

WANG Xueqin  ZHANG Yuanming  JIANG Jin  YANG Weikang  GUO Hongxu  HU Yongfeng 《地理学报》2009,19(3):299-308

Intensive grazing in spring–summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring–summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10–40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring–summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring–summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring–summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring–summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.  相似文献   

西藏色齐拉山地区立体气候特征初步分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜军  高荣  马鹏飞  刘远明  周刊社 《高原山地气象研究》2009,29(1):14-18

利用西藏色齐拉山地区不同海拔高度的8个自动站和3个实测气象站1年的近地面观测资料,分析了该地区气温、地温、降水量、湿度和风速等气象要素的季节变化特征,探讨了东、西坡局地气候特征差异形成的原因。结果表明:色齐拉山地区1月为最冷月、7月为最暖月;月平均最高气温、最低气温与平均气温的季节变化一致。气温日较差大年较差小。年平均气温直减率东、西坡分别为0.54℃/100m和0.73℃/100m,西坡大于东坡。地气温差冬季西坡大于东坡,夏季东坡大于西坡。年、月平均地温直减率西坡仍大于东坡;东坡除夏季7、8月份外,地温直减率小于气温直减率;西坡除冬季(12月和1月),地温直减率大于气温直减率。降水量东坡比西坡多,海拔2500m以上地区4~10月降水总量随着海拔高度的升高呈增加趋势,增加率为20.9mm/100m。空气相对湿度冬季低夏季高,年变化呈单峰型。东、西坡冬季风速较强夏季相对较弱,初春风速最大。东、西坡气候差异与海拔高度、坡向、下垫面性质有关。   相似文献   

7.0级地震对九寨沟核心景观和水化学影响     

党政  任锦海  安超  代群威  董发勤  邓远明  杨青霞  卓曼他 《中国岩溶》2019,38(2):186-192

2017年发生里氏7.0级地震,九寨沟景区位于此次地震的核心区域,受损严重。对景区现场踏勘和珍珠滩、镜海、诺日朗和火花海4处地表水主要离子的取样分析,初步得出景观受损情况及水化学变化:地震对部分景观造成破坏,钙华坝体开裂及崩塌,火花海最为严重;震后地表水水化学主要受Ca2+和HCO3-的影响,地震和降雨加速了矿物溶解,导致Ca2+和HCO3-浓度高于往年;受钙华沉积的影响,Ca2+和HCO3-浓度随海拔降低而降低,受降水量减少的影响,Ca2+和HCO3-浓度随时间下降,2018年3月份HCO3-浓度上升,与光合作用、CO2溶解量及水温等因素相关;震后4处景观地表水SIC值>0,利于钙华沉积。水化学结果说明此次地震增加了水体Ca2+和HCO3-浓度,如及时实施人工干预,受损景观可以实现恢复。   相似文献   

An elastoplastic constitutive model for frozen saline coarse sandy soil undergoing particle breakage     

Chang  Dan  Lai  Yuanming  Yu  Fan 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(6):1757-1783

The mechanical property of frozen saline sandy soil is complicated due to its complex components and sensitivity to salt content and confining pressure. Thus, a series of triaxial compression tests were carried out on sandy samples with different Na₂SO₄ contents under different confining pressures to explore the effects of particle breakage, pressure melting, shear dilation and strain softening or hardening. The test results indicate that the stress–strain curves exhibit strain softening/hardening phenomena when the confining pressures are below or above 6 MPa, respectively. A shear dilation phenomenon was observed in the loading process. With increasing confining pressure, the strength firstly increases and then decreases. By taking into consideration the changes between the grain size distributions before and after triaxial compression tests, a failure strength line incorporating the influences of both particle breakage and pressure melting is proposed. In order to describe the deformation characteristics of frozen saline sandy soil, an elastoplastic incremental constitutive model is established based on the test results. The proposed model considers the plastic compressive, plastic shear and breakage mechanisms by adopting the non-associated flow rule. The breakage mechanism can be reflected by an index related to the initial, current and ultimate grain size distributions. The hardening parameters corresponding to compressive and shear mechanisms consider the influence of particle breakage. Then the effect of particle breakage on both the stress–strain and volumetric strain curves is analyzed. The calculated results fit well with the test results, indicating that the developed constitutive model can well describe the mechanical and deformation features of frozen saline sandy soil under various stress levels and stress paths. In addition, the strain softening/hardening, contraction, high dilation and particle breakage can be well captured.

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Centrifuge and numerical modeling of the frost heave mechanism of a cold-region canal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li  Shuangyang  Lai  Yuanming  Zhang  Mingyi  Pei  Wansheng  Zhang  Chen  Yu  Fan 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(4):1113-1128

Acta Geotechnica - In cold regions, frozen soil is common and causes various forms of frost damage to engineering projects, particularly canals constructed in seasonally frozen ground. The freezing...  相似文献   

A generalized thermal conductivity model of geomaterials based on micro-structures     

Wang  Chong  Lai  Yuanming  Zhang  Mingyi  Li  Shuangyang 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(5):1423-1436

Acta Geotechnica - Knowledge of particle shape and configuration-dependent thermal conductivity is necessary to investigate heat or water transfer in geomaterials, especially under freezing states....  相似文献   

The variation of morphological features and mineralogical components of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rongyi Chen  Yuanming Zhang  Yuan Li  Wenshou Wei  Jing Zhang  Nan Wu 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(5):1135-1143

Increasingly complex life forms were found in older biological soil crusts in the Gurbantaunggut Desert in Northwestern China. These crusts may play a critical role in mineral erosion and desert soil formation by modifying the weathering environment and ultimately affecting mineralogical variance. To test this hypothesis, variations in the morphological features and mineralogical components of successional biological soil crusts at 1 cm were studied by optical microscopy, SEM and grain size analysis. Concentrations of erosion-resistant minerals decreased with crust succession, while minerals susceptible to weathering increased with crust development. Neogenetic minerals were found in late stage crusts, but not in early stage crusts. Silt and clay concentrations were highest in early formation crusts and soil mean particle size decreased with crust succession. Cyanobacteria, lichen and moss were shown to erode and etch rocks, and secondary minerals produced by weathering were localized with the living organisms. Thus, more developed crusts appeared to contribute to greater mineral weathering and may be a major cause of mineralogical variance seen in the Gurbantunggut Desert. The greater activity and complexity of older crusts, as well as their improved moisture condition may function to accelerate mineral weathering. Therefore, protection and recovery of biological crusts is vital for desert soil formation.  相似文献   

蓝牙技术在区域气象中心供电保障系统中应用的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

张玉锦  李晶  仉安娜  唐远明  李克非  张诗甫  贯淑香 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(3):36-41

介绍了供电保障系统在沈阳区域气象中心业务中的重要作用和高压真空开关的基本原理及在线监测高压真空开关的重要性。根据蓝牙技术具有低成本、体积小、功耗低和互操作性强等特点,探讨了将它应用于区域气象中心供电保障系统的在线检测系统中,可作为信号采集与传输的无线传输通道,有效解决传感器的安装、电源供应、信号传输与测试系统的高低压绝缘问题;并以区域中心供电系统中高压真空开关为例来探讨其可行性,探讨了应用设计中选择蓝牙模块装置的配置地点。结果表明:若采用嵌入蓝牙电力模块进行信息传输,可明显提高供电电能质量,使信息传输系统运行更加可靠、稳定,还可提高供电保障系统的安全性和抗干扰能力,减少真空开关的突发故障所造成的经济损失。  相似文献