上海地震台阵响应图及其计算方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

佟玉霞  朱元清 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(2):47-54

地震台阵的响应特性是衡量台阵对地震监测能力的重要标志。根据台阵响应特性，可分析台阵子台布局的合理性和波数分辨率。本文采用简单延时相加方法，并用不同频率下的波数k为上海地震台阵计算并绘制二维与三维的波数响应图。结果表明，该台阵响应图具有显著的主瓣峰，而且边瓣少且峰值低，具有较高的波数分辨率。  相似文献   

上海地震台阵地动噪声功率谱分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

于海英  朱元清 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(2):80-84

介绍了功率谱分析的计算方法，并将功率谱应用于对上海地震台阵地动噪声记录的分析。结果表明，该台阵16个子台的地动噪声功率谱在高于1Hz的频域上均低于宽频带台站的平均值，说明各子台的背景噪声符合并优于地震观测对背景噪声的要求。而对于高频段的噪声则可通过台阵的独特的数据处理，很容易将其去除。  相似文献   

上海地震台阵(网)近震定位的翻台方法   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

朱元清  于海英 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(2):97-106

为了快速而精确地确定震源位置，尽可能减少定位所产生的误差，引入了求解准则函数极小值的“POWELL”方法、“模拟退火法”、求解震源深度的“PTD方法”和“翻台法”用于近震定位。本文利用上述方法编制了近震定位程序，经过理论和实际应用的严格考察，已在全国部分数字化地震台网中推广使用，效果较好。  相似文献   

Humidity Effect and Its Influence on the Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation δ18O in Monsoon Regions     

ZHANG Xinping  Liu Jingmiao  He Yuanqing  TIAN Lide  YAO Tandong 《大气科学进展》2005,22(2)

The humidity effect, namely the markedly positive correlation between the stable isotopic ratio in precipitation and the dew-point deficit △Td in the atmosphere, is put forward firstly and the relationships between the δ18O in precipitation and △Td are analyzed for the Urumqi and Kunming stations, which have completely different climatic characteristics. Although the seasonal variations in δ18O and △Td exhibit differences between the two stations, their humidity effect is notable. The correlation coefficient and its confidence level of the humidity effect are higher than those of the amount effect at Kunming, showing the marked influence of the humidity conditions in the atmosphere on stable isotopes in precipitation.Using a kinetic model for stable isotopic fractionation, and according to the seasonal distribution of meanmonthly temperature at 500 hPa at Kunming, the variations of the δ18O in condensate in cloud aresimulated. A very good agreement between the seasonal variations of the simulated mean δ18O and themean monthly temperature at 500 hPa is obtained, showing that the oxygen stable isotope in condensateof cloud experiences a temperature effect. Such a result is markedly different from the amount effect atthe ground. Based on the simulations of seasonal variations of δ18O in falling raindrops, it can be foundthat, in the dry season from November to April, the increasing trend with falling distance of δ18O in fallingraindrops corresponds remarkably to the great ATd, showing a strong evaporation enrichment function infalling raindrops; however, in the wet season from May to October, the δ18O in falling raindrops displaysan unapparent increase corresponding to the small ATd, except in May. By comparing the simulated meanδ18O at the ground with the actual monthly δ18O in precipitation, we see distinctly that the two monthlyδ18O variations agree very well. On average, the δ18O values are relatively lower because of the highlymoist air, heavy rainfall, small △Td and weak evaporation enrichment function of stable isotopes in thefalling raindrops, under the influence of vapor from the oceans; but they are relatively higher because of the dry air, light rainfall, great △Td and strong evaporation enrichment function in falling raindrops, under the control of the continental air mass. Therefore, the δ18O in precipitation at Kunming can be used to indicate the humidity situation in the atmosphere to a certain degree, and thus indicate the intensity of the precipitation and the strength of the monsoon indirectly. The humidity effect changes not only the magnitude of the stable isotopic ratio in precipitation but also its seasonal distribution due to its influence on the strength of the evaporation enrichment of stable isotopes in falling raindrops and the direction of the net mass transfer of stable isotopes between the atmosphere and the raindrops. Consequently, it is inferred that the humidity effect is probably one of the foremost causes generating the amount effect.  相似文献   

湖南衡东岭茶地区古近纪地层划分与中国早始新世哺乳动物群     

童永生  王元青李茜 《地质论评》2006,52(2):153-162,i0002

岭茶地区的古近纪地层常称为栗木坪组或岭茶组。根据哺乳动物化石、地层特征和新近的古地磁和碳同位素研究成果，本文将岭茶地区的古近纪地层分为上古新统栗木坪组和下始新统岭茶组。岭茶组典型剖面，可选在成家冲东北的岭茶—霞流公路旁。由于底部出现碳同位素负向漂移，是目前中国可确定的始新统／古新统界线。在中国早始新世哺乳动物中首次出现的哺乳动物有奇蹄类、偶蹄类、真正的灵长类和梳趾鼠类型的啮齿类，并有许多首现的属。根据哺乳动物群组成特征，将中国早始新世哺乳动物群分为两个组合带：以李官桥盆地大尖动物群为代表的岭茶晚期的犀貘一菱臼兽组合带（Heptodon--Rhombomylus Assemblage Zone）和以衡阳盆地岭茶动物群为代表的岭茶早期的始祖貘一软食中兽组合带（Homogalax--Hapalodectes Assemblage Zone）。  相似文献   

Hydrochemical assessment of the largest desert reservoir in arid oasis area in Asia     

Guofeng Zhu  Yu Zhang  Yuanqing He  Junju Zhou  Hanxiong Pan  Huiwen Guo  Huiying Ma  Xinggang Ma  Lei Feng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(22):765

97735 artificial reservoirs have been built in China since 1950s, which could guarantee the supply of urban water and agricultural irrigation. In arid oasis area, only the water of reservoir is available as water resource. The study of hydrochemical characteristics is the prerequisite for evaluating the water quality of domestic water and irrigation water. In the Hongyashan Reservoir, the middle of the Shiyang River Basin and the Tengger desert and Badain Jaran desert, water samples were taken at different points of the lake for about 3 years. The chemical characteristics of the lake water and their influencing factors were studied. The results of the samples for the test have shown that water of the Hongyashan Reservoir is weakly alkaline. And the main compositions of ions in the water are Ca²⁺ and \(\text{HCO}_{3}^{ - }\), hydrochemical type is Ca–HCO₃. In terms of the seasonal variation of Hongyashan Reservoir, except for \(\text{NO}_{3}^{ - }\), the ions in the rest of the water showed roughly the same changeable characteristics in that the composition of ion is higher in summer and autumn, but lower in winter and spring. This is consistent with the seasonal variation in runoff ions throughout the Shiyang River Basin. Ionic characteristics are consistent with the ionic values of dry lakes in the world, which are suitable for urban water and water for irrigation, but are slightly higher than the global lake background standard. Carbonate weathering products are the main source of water ions in Hongyashan Reservoir, and evaporation also affects the ion characteristics of water.  相似文献   

玉龙雪山白水1号冰川近地层气象要素变化特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

辛惠娟  何元庆  牛贺文  毛焕兰 《冰川冻土》2018,40(4):676-684

利用2011年10月1日至2012年9月30日玉龙雪山白水1号冰川海拔4 500 m气象观测资料,对位于我国最南、亚欧大陆距赤道最近的海洋型冰川区近地层气象要素基本特征进行了分析,并与同海拔大陆型冰川——祁连山老虎沟12号冰川区近地层气象要素进行了对比。研究表明：海洋型与大陆型冰川区气温逐时变化呈单峰单谷型分布,均表现出升温快降温慢的特点,观测点5 m层气温高于2 m层气温,二者差值日变化呈单峰型,峰值出现在北京时间12：00;受季风气候影响,研究区干季相对湿度小,湿季相对湿度大,年均相对湿度为73.3%,与相对湿度相比,研究区水汽压变化更受控于气温;两冰川区冬半年气压低,夏半年气压高,均表现为典型的"高山型"气压;受冰川"冷效应"影响研究区干季风速大,湿季风速小,因冰川规模较小,研究区冰川风不发达,谷风发育强劲;受季风期云雨影响,白水1号冰川区总辐射在季风前期达到最大值,季风期达到极小值,年均总辐射量低于老虎沟12号冰川同海拔地区。  相似文献   

Impact of global warming on water resource in arid area of Northwest China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LU Aigang DING Yongjian PANG Hongxi YUAN Lingling HE Yuanqing 《山地科学学报》2005,2(4):313-318

Introduction The temperature in the Northern Hemisphere increased by 0.4℃ between the 1960s and the 1980s, and in the same period the temperature on the Tibetan Plateau increased by 0.5℃. Moreover, during 1990~2000, temperature rose by about 1℃(IPCC 2001). Temperature in China increased by 0.3℃ between 1951 and 1990 (DING and DAI 1994). Using 15 different general circulation models, Jones and Moberg (2003) estimated that the rate of annual warming over the continents between 1901 a…  相似文献   

地震海啸传播过程数值模拟研究     

董非非  朱元清  周中红  邓辉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2009,30(2)

运用数值模拟的方法,对常水深4 000 m,8.0级纯倾滑直立断层触发的地震海啸,在大洋中传播的前2 000 s各时刻的形态以及峰值进行研究.结果表明,地震海啸产生后的前1 000 s左右的时间内,存在数值震荡,幅值先快速衰减,再逐渐增大,此后,幅值随着时间的推移缓慢衰减.  相似文献   

玉龙雪山冰川稳定同位素分馏冬夏对比   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

庞洪喜  何元庆  卢爱刚  赵井东  宁宝英  院玲玲  宋波  张宁宁 《地理学报》2006,61(5):501-509

利用玉龙雪山白水1号冰川区冬季和夏季表面积雪、雪坑、融水以及白水河河水中δ¹⁸O资料,对比分析了冬季和夏季我国典型季风温冰川系统内稳定同位素分馏行为的差异。分析结果表明,夏季冰川系统内各水体相变过程中稳定同位素分馏程度均比冬季强烈,指示出夏季季风海洋型冰川强烈消融的特点。另外,不论是冬季还是夏季,从表面积雪到融水再到由融水补给的河流,δ¹⁸O垂直变化梯度依次增大,反映了从固态降雪向冰川融水补给的河流河水转换过程中,稳定同位素分馏程度逐渐增强,体现了沉积后过程对海洋型冰川区同位素记录的影响具有空间差异性。  相似文献