Temperature trends in the skin/surface, mid-troposphere and low stratosphere near Korea from satellite and ground measurements     

Jung-Moon Yoo  Young-In Won  Young-Jun Cho  Myeong-Jae Jeong  Dong-Bin Shin  Suk-Jo Lee  Yu-Ri Lee  Soo-Min Oh  Soo-Jin Ban 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(5):439-455

Various types of satellite (AIRS/AMSU, MODIS) and ground measurements are used to analyze temperature trends in the four vertical layers (skin/surface, mid-troposphere, and low stratosphere) around the Korean Peninsula (123–132°E, 33–44°N) during the period from September 2002 to August 2010. The ground-based observations include 72 Surface Meteorological Stations (SMSs), 6 radiosonde stations (RAOBs), 457 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) over the land, and 5 buoy stations over the ocean. A strong warming (0.052 K yr^?1) at the surface, and a weak warming (0.004～0.010 K yr^?1) in the mid-troposphere and low stratosphere have been found from satellite data, leading to an unstable atmospheric layer. The AIRS/AMSU warming trend over the ocean surface around the Korean Peninsula is about 2.5 times greater than that over the land surface. The ground measurements from both SMS and AWS over the land surface of South Korea also show a warming of 0.043～0.082 K yr^?1, consistent with the satellite observations. The correlation average (r = 0.80) between MODIS skin temperature and ground measurement is significant. The correlations between AMSU and RAOB are very high (0.91～0.95) in the anomaly time series, calculated from the spatial averages of monthly mean temperature values. However, the warming found in the AMSU data is stronger than that from the RAOB at the surface. The opposite feature is present above the mid-troposphere, indicating that there is a systematic difference. Warming phenomena (0.012～0.078 K yr^?1) are observed from all three data sets (SMS, AWS, MODIS), which have been corroborated by the coincident measurements at five ground stations. However, it should also be noted that the observed trends are subject to large uncertainty as the corresponding 95% confidence intervals tend to be larger than the observed signals due to large thermal variability and the relatively short periods of the satellitebased temperature records. The EOF analysis of monthly mean temperature anomalies indicates that the tropospheric temperature variability near Korea is primarily linked to the Arctic Oscillation (AO), and secondarily to ENSO (El Niño and Southern Oscillation). However, the low stratospheric temperature variability is mainly associated with Southern Oscillation and then additionally with Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO). Uncertainties from the different spatial resolutions between satellite data are discussed in the trends.  相似文献   

First Description of Fossil Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Late Mesozoic of China     

ZHANG Weiting  YAO Yunzhi  REN Dong  ZHAO Yunyun 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):490-500

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New Fossil Xyelidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GAO Taiping  ZHAO Yunyun  REN Dong 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):528-532

In this paper one new genus and two new species, Brachyoxyela brevinodia sp. nov. and Brachyoxyela gracilenta sp. nov., in the subfamily Macroxyelinae of the family Xyelidae, are described and illustrated. The specimens were collected from the Yixian Formation, the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The new genus is established based on the characters that vein Sc meets R only beyond origin of Rs, third antennal segment is almost equal in length to the rest flagellomeres combined, terminal flagellomeres increasingly shortened toward apex, and vein 2r-rs inclined toward the apex of wing.  相似文献   

索氏提取-液相色谱法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曹攽  马军  李云木子 《江苏地质》2011,35(1):73-77

采用索氏提取-固相萃取柱净化分离、高效液相色谱测定土壤中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质。利用正交试验对影响加标回收率的3个主要因素(萃取溶剂比例、萃取时间和萃取温度)进行了优化。方法回收率为95.3%～108.0%,相对标准偏差为0.83%～3.53%。并对实际土壤样品进行了测定。  相似文献   

利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源          下载免费PDF全文

白慧  尹丽颖  苏辉明  高峰  穆玉琴  张芸芸  童玉平  徐文轩  曹秋梅  杨维康  徐峰 《干旱区地理》2022,45(3):847-859

红外相机技术目前已成为监测陆栖哺乳动物和地栖鸟类的常用技术手段。为监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区内鸟类和兽类资源,于2019年7月—2020年9月,在保护区内选取30个红外相机位点共布设58台红外相机,累积工作29730个工作日,共获得99850份图像及视频数据,采集独立有效照片5744张;共观测到野生陆生脊椎动物9目19科29种,其中兽类5目10科15种,鸟类4目9科14种。观测到的动物中有国家I级重点保护野生动物雪豹（Panthera uncia）,国家II级重点保护野生动物6种,分别为北山羊（Capra sibirica）、马鹿（Cervus canadensis）、猞猁（Lynx lynx）、赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）、黑鸢（Milvus migrans）以及暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）。森林生境中,兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=60.569）,鸟类相对多度指数最高的是山斑鸠（Streptopelia orientalis,RAI=0.854）;高山草甸及裸岩生境中,兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=18.693）,鸟类相对多度指数最高的是暗腹雪鸡（RAI=0.316）和黄嘴山鸦（Pyrrhocorax graculus,RAI=0.854）。物种累积曲线结果显示：兽类物种数在200 d之后几乎不再增长,而鸟类物种数在100 d之后增速放缓但一直持续增长,表明时长450 d的红外相机监测力度对保护区中的兽类而言较为充分,对鸟类而言还不够充分。研究结果可为新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区野生陆生脊椎动物多样性监测与评估提供数据参考,为该保护区的保护管理工作提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variations in the discharge and dissolved organic carbon of drip waters in Beijing Shihua Cave,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fengmei Ban  Genxing Pan  Jian Zhu  Binggui Cai  Ming Tan 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3749-3758

To detect the causal relationship between cave drip waters and stalagmite laminae, which have been used as a climate change proxy, three drip sites in Beijing Shihua Cave were monitored for discharge and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Drip discharges and DOC were determined at 0 to 14‐day intervals over the period 2004–2006. Drip discharges show two types of response to surface precipitation variations: (1) a rapid response; and (2) a time‐lagged response. Intra‐annual variability in drip discharge is significantly higher than inter‐annual variability. The content of DOC in all drip waters varies inter‐ and intra‐annually and has good correlation with drip water discharge at the rapid response sites. High DOC was observed in July and August in the three years observed. The flushing of soil organic matter is dependent upon the intensity of rain events. The DOC content of drip water increases sharply above a threshold rainfall intensity (>50 mm d^?1) and shows several pulses corresponding with intense rain events (>25 mm d^?1). The DOC content was lower and less variable during the dry period than during the rainy period. The shape of DOC peak also varies from year to year as it is influenced by the intensity and frequency of rainfall. The different drip sites show marked differences in DOC response, which are dominated by hydrological behaviour linked to the recharge of the soil and karst micro‐fissure/porosity network. The results explain why not all stalagmite laminae are consistent with climate changes and suggest that the structure of the rainy season events could be preserved in speleothems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

21世纪前期长江中下游流域极端降水预估及不确定性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周莉  兰明才  蔡荣辉  文萍  姚蓉  杨云芸 《气象学报》2018,76(1):47-61

在全球变暖背景下,极端降水的频率、强度以及持续时间均在显著增加,尤其是对于气候变化敏感的长江中下游流域。由于模式本身、温室气体排放情景以及自然变率存在较大的不确定性,因此未来预估变化的不确定性一直备受关注。为了能够得到对于未来极端降水更为准确的预估结果,使用NEX-GDDP（NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections）提供的19个CMIP5降尺度高分辨率数据（0.25°×0.25°）,给出21世纪前期（2016—2035年）长江中下游流域极端降水的可能变化。根据长江中下游流域178个气象站1981—2005年的逐日降水量数据,计算了能够代表极端降水不同特征的指数,在评估模拟能力的基础上给出了21世纪前期RCP4.5情景下极端降水的变化。结果表明,降尺度结果对长江中下游流域极端降水有很好的模拟能力,除R90N外,所有模式模拟其余指数的空间结构与观测的相关系数均超过了0.6。其中所有模式模拟PRCPTOT和R10的相关系数均超过0.95。21世纪前期,长江中下游地区降水趋于极端化,尤其是在流域的西部地区。极端降水日数的变化在减少,表明对于极端降水的贡献主要来自于极端降水日的较大日降水量,而非极端降水日数。未来预估不确定性的大值区主要位于流域的南部地区,流域的西部地区不确定性较低,西部地区极端降水的增加应该受到更多的重视。   相似文献   

安徽省A级旅游景区空间结构演变特征分析     

王秋龙  汤云云  毛宁 《测绘工程》2017,26(10)

选取安徽省2001年、2004年、2007年、2011年和2014年A级旅游景区为研究样本,系统分析全省近13年来A级旅游景区演变特征;运用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数、基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和热点分析,探讨其空间分布类型、集中程度和均衡程度的演变特征。结果表明:2001年以来安徽省A级景区总量逐年上升,其中3A级和4A级旅游景区增加数量最多;A级旅游景区主要集中在皖中和皖南地区,整体上呈现"少—多—多"的格局;2007年以后,景区等级结构逐步形成以4A、3A、2A中间等级旅游景区为主,两端高级和初级旅游景区较少的纺锤型结构,趋于相对稳定、合理;全省A级景区空间分布类型从随机分布趋于聚集分布,同时地理集中指数表明各个时期在各地市分布愈加集中,基尼系数表明在三大地理区域中分布愈加集中不均衡,全省A级景区在2004—2014年十年间逐渐由景点分散和热点区域集聚不明显演变为以黄山市和合肥市为核心的多极热点区域。  相似文献   

长沙市API指数时空变化特征及气象条件影响     

杨云芸  李跃清  周慧 《气象与环境科学》2017,40(1):108-113

利用长沙站2007—2012年逐日空气污染指数(Air Pollution Index,API)资料,对逐日空气污染指数、逐日空气质量级别等变化的差异进行了研究,其中包括了长沙空气质量的月变化、季节变化和年变化等,并利用湖南省地面气候背景资料及长沙市地面逐日观测资料,包括日平均气压、日降水量、日最高最低气温等,分析了长沙的API指数变化与气象因子的关系。结果表明:1)长沙2007—2012年每年的首要污染物均为可吸入颗粒物(PM10),其中在秋、冬两季污染尤为严重,API指数每年10月份出现极大值,1月份出现次大值。2)2007—2012年,长沙轻度污染及以上天数有逐年减少的趋势。这可能与长沙市在该时段秋冬季降水偏多、春季连阴雨时间长及夏季气温高等因素有关。3)长沙市API指数与日平均气压呈显著正相关,与日平均、日最高、日最低气温及日平均风速均呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

A Social–Ecological Systems Approach to Assessing Conservation and Fisheries Outcomes in Fijian Locally Managed Marine Areas     

Stacy D. Jupiter  Graham Epstein  Natalie C. Ban  Sangeeta Mangubhai  Margaret Fox  Michael Cox 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1096-1111

Locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) are often recommended as a strategy to achieve conservation and fisheries management, though few studies have evaluated their performance against these objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of eight periodically harvested closures (PHCs), the most common form of management within Fijian LMMAs, focusing on two outcomes: protection of resource units and biodiversity conservation. Of the eight PHCs, only one provided biodiversity benefits, whereas three were moderately successful in protecting resource units (targeted fish biomass). Protection of resource units was more likely when PHCs were harvested less frequently, less recently, and when total fish biomass in open areas was lower. Our findings further suggest that monitoring, enforcement, and clearly defined boundaries are critical, less frequent harvesting regimes are advised, and culturally appropriate management incentives are needed. Although PHCs have some potential to protect resource units, they are not recommended as a single strategy for broad-scale biodiversity conservation.  相似文献