Simultaneous optical and electrical observations on the initial processes of altitude-triggered negative lightning     

Weitao Lu  Yijun Zhang  Xiuji Zhou  Xiushu Qie  Dong Zheng  Qing Meng  Ming Ma  Shaodong Chen  Fei Wang  Xiangzhen Kong 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):353-359

Using a high-speed camera system and two electric field antenna systems, we have documented the initial processes of an altitude-triggered negative lightning (ATNL). The optical records clearly show that ATNL begins with the inception and propagation of an upward positive leader (UPL) and then a simultaneous propagation of UPL and downward negative leader (DNL), known as the bidirectional leader process, follows. Based on the optical records, it is inferred that (1) the triggering height is about 371 m; (2) the two-dimensional (2D) propagation speed of the UPL in its inception phase is about 3.8–5.5 × 10⁴ m s^− 1 during its propagation from about 393 to 452 m above the ground; (3) the grey levels of the DNL are about one order of magnitude higher than that of the UPL in their inception phase; (4) a discharge phenomenon propagating along the elevated triggering wire part of the lightning channel occurs after the mini-return stroke (MRS), with a 2D propagation speed of about 1.6–2.0 × 10⁵ m s^− 1. Combined with the simultaneous electric field change records, it is further inferred that (1) the UPL incepts about 932 μs earlier than the unstable DNL and about 4.1 ms earlier than the stable DNL; (2) the unstable DNL propagates downward intermittently three times with a time interval of about 1 ms, and each propagation contains a different number of steps with an average step length of about 7 m; (3) the stable DNL incepts at the tip of the unstable one, with a 2D propagation speed of about 1.9 × 10⁵ m s^− 1, an average step length of about 3 m, and a stepping time interval varying from 6 to 31 µs with a mean value of 15 µs.  相似文献   

北京地区雷暴过程闪电与地面降水的相关关系   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

郑栋  张义军  孟青  吕伟涛 《应用气象学报》2010,21(3):287-297

该文选取北京地区2006年夏季的18次雷暴过程,利用SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统观测到的总闪数据,分析了闪电与雷达反演的对流活动区降水量和对流活动区面积的相关关系,结果表明:北京地区的雷暴活动中,单个闪电所表征的降水量的范围在0.86×10~7～6.57×10~7kg/fl之间,平均值为2.65×10~7kg/fl;闪电活动与对流活动区降水量的线性相关关系显著,相关系数达到0.826;闪电活动与对流活动区面积也具有显著的线性关系,相关性系数达到0.846。文中给出了基于6 min闪电频次估算6 min对流降水量以及对流活动区面积的拟合方程。分析还发现,总闪活动与降水的关系要明显好于地闪,总闪信息的应用极大提高了分析结果的质量和可信性,分析结果对于利用闪电信息估测降水具有参考意义。  相似文献   

The absorption of water color components and spectral modes in the Pearl River estuary     

席红艳  丘仲锋  何宜军  简伟军 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(4):359-366

In-situ data from cruises in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent marine areas were collected during March to May 2001. The absorption coefficients of the water color components were studied in detail containing total suspended matter (TSM), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and de-pigment particles. For absorption coefficient of TSM, ap, and that of de-pigment particles, ad, correlations of ap(440)-TSM, ad(440)-TSM, ap(440)-chl-a and ad-chl-a were done (the italicized term means the concentration). There was a good correlation between ap(440) and chl-a concentration. An empirical relationship model between aph(675) and chl-a was developed showing a strong correlation of 0.93. Based on the two models the chl-a and aph(λ) were correlated. The values of calculated empirical spectral slope for CDOM absorption coefficients and that of de-pigment particles, 0.017 0 and 0.011 6 respectively, both are within a relative standard error of 10.0%.  相似文献   

Comparison of water vapour,heat and energy exchanges over agricultural and wetland ecosystems     

Yijun Li  Li Zhou  Zhenzhu Xu  Guangsheng Zhou 《水文研究》2009,23(14):2069-2080

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鄂尔多斯盆地中新元古界拗拉槽特征及勘探潜力          下载免费PDF全文

陈思谦  周义军郭 庆阮正中  余小雷王乐立 《地质科学》1958,55(3):692-702

鄂尔多斯盆地深层勘探程度较低,中新元古界是否存在拗拉槽一直存在争议。本文利用近年完成的高密度二维及“两宽一高”三维地震资料进行综合研究,明确了盆地自北向南发育贺兰拗拉槽、定边拗拉槽、晋陕拗拉槽、豫陕拗拉槽,拗拉槽平面呈北东向展布,向西南逐渐加深,最大深度可超过6 000 m;同时明确了中新元古界存在3种类型的油气藏,分别为以长城系暗色泥岩为源岩、砂岩为储层的岩性遮挡油气藏与断块油气藏,和以上古生界煤层为源岩、长城系砂岩为储层的上生下储气藏。三者的勘探有利区带分别为定边至乌审旗地区、黄龙—宜川地区、伊盟隆起与中央古隆起高部位。  相似文献   

省级地震系统机构精简人员分流的尝试与探讨     

王步才  李毅军 《华南地震》1993,(2)

本文结合安徽省地震局在深化改革中的实践,对省级地震系统在机构改革人员分流中,如何实现平稳过渡进行了有益的探讨,提出的有效途径颇县参考价值。  相似文献   

闪电先导静电场波形理论分析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张义军  言穆弘 《应用气象学报》1993,4(2):185-191

通过对地闪电先导过程静电场变化波形的理论分析指出，先导所致静电场时间变化率dE/dt是一个比静电场变化ΔE更能反映先导传播特性的物理量。利用dE/dt时变曲线可以较精确地确定先导开始位置、接地附近先导传播速度以及接地瞬时的先导电流，同时利用dE/dt极值点的特征可以揭示通道传播过程中倾斜、弯曲特征。  相似文献   

海丰梅陇地区地震危险性讨论     

钟贻军 《华南地震》1994,14(2):37-43

海丰梅陇地区在１９７１、１９８１和１９９１年间曾先后发生３次小震群活动，前后两次小震群活动相隔１０年。根据该地区的基岩、震源体、断裂规模以及新构造运动等特征，指出该区具有每隔一定时段便会出现周期性小震活动的规律，但发生大于５．５级破坏性地震的可能性很小。  相似文献   

Statistical distribution of nonlinear random wave height     

HOU Yijun  GUO Peifang    SONG Guiting    SONG Jinbao  YIN Baoshu & ZHAO Xixi  . Institute of Oceanology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Qingdao  China  . Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(4):443-448

1 Introduction The probability distribution of ocean wave element is one of the results of application of random process theory to the ocean wave study. A great amount of outcome has obtained in this field[1,2]. In fact, a great deal of research on linear…  相似文献   

矩阵运算的几种算法实现探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任沂军 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(6):21-23

以求解正形变换10参数为例,讨论了分别采用True BASIC语言、Mathematica软件、MATLAB软件和C Builder语言的矩阵运算的算法实现方法,分析了4种算法的计算结果,说明了其相互之间精度相差很小、各有所长。  相似文献