三层模式背风波的理论研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

臧增亮  张铭 《气象学报》2004,62(4):396-400

文中建立了一个背风波的三层理论模式 ;当三层Scorer参数在中层最大、高层次之、下层最小的情况下 ,利用该模式求得了背风波的理论波长及扰动的解析解 ,并对一个典型的个例计算了其背风波波长 ,并在此基础上分析了背风波波长对上、中、下三层Scorer参数变化的敏感性 ,结果表明波长对中层Scorer参数的变化比较敏感 ,对下层Scorer参数的大小和符号都不敏感 ,但在计算背风波波长时不能忽略下层的Scorer参数。  相似文献   

从怀来4井水化学异常变化分析流体在孕震过程中的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋晓冰  张常慧  宋贯一  王吉易 《中国地震》2005,21(2):285-290

20世纪60年代，流体在地震孕育与发生过程中的作用就已受到研究者关注。如Evans(1966)发现美国洛基山兵工厂周围地震活动与深井注入废液有关。在我国的地壳流体活动与诱发地震关系的研究方面，也取得了很多成果。针对上地壳流体与地震活动的关系，前人在辽东半岛、东南沿海、红河断裂带、京津地区进行了系统研究。结果表明，地壳热流体活动区的地震活动多，但多为中小地震；而地壳热流体活动弱的地区地震活动数量相对少，但以大震活动为主。近年来，地下流体在孕震过程与构造活动中的作用的研究已有了一些进展。  相似文献   

Contribution of phytoliths to total biogenic silica volumes in the tropical rivers of Malaysia and associated implications for the marine biogeochemical cycle     

臧家业  刘森  刘焱光  马永星  冉祥滨 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(5):1076-1084

The contribution of phytoliths to total biogenic silica (BSi) volumes in rivers worldwide, and the associated implications for the biogeochemical cycle, require in-depth study. Based on samples from rivers in Peninsular Malaysia, this project investigated the source and characteristics of BSi found in Asian tropical rivers, as well as the process of reverse weathering taking place in these fluvial systems. Results indicated that BSi samples collected in sediments consisted of phytolith, diatom and sponge spicules. Phytoliths, predominantly of the elongate form, comprised 92.8%–98.3% of BSi in the Pahang River. Diatom BSi in this river consisted mainly of pennatae diatoms, but represented a relatively small proportion of the total BSi volume. However, diatom BSi (predominantly of the Centricae form) was more prevalent in the Pontian and Endau Rivers with shares of 68.8% and 79.3% of the total BSi volumes, respectively, than Pahang River. Carbon contents of the BSi particulates ranged from 1.85% to 10.8% with an average of 4.79%. These values are higher than those recorded in other studies to date, and indicate that BSi plays a major role in controlling permanent carbon burial. This study suggests that phytoliths from terrestrial plants are the primary constituents of BSi in the rivers of Peninsular Malaysia, and therefore represent a significant proportion of the coastal silica budget.  相似文献   

Evaluating the spatiotemporal variations of water budget across China over 1951–2006 using IBIS model     

Qiuan Zhu  Hong Jiang  Xiaohua Wei  Changhui Peng  Xiuqing Fang  Shirong Liu  Guomo Zhou  Shuquan Yu  Weiming Ju 《水文研究》2010,24(4):429-445

The Integrated Biosphere Simulator is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of the crucial hydrological variables [run‐off and actual evapotranspiration (AET)] of the water balance across China for the period 1951–2006 including a precipitation analysis. Results suggest three major findings. First, simulated run‐off captured 85% of the spatial variability and 80% of the temporal variability for 85 hydrological gauges across China. The mean relative errors were within 20% for 66% of the studied stations and within 30% for 86% of the stations. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients indicated that the quantity pattern of run‐off was also captured acceptably except for some watersheds in southwestern and northwestern China. The possible reasons for underestimation of run‐off in the Tibetan plateau include underestimation of precipitation and uncertainties in other meteorological data due to complex topography, and simplified representations of the soil depth attribute and snow processes in the model. Second, simulated AET matched reasonably with estimated values calculated as the residual of precipitation and run‐off for watersheds controlled by the hydrological gauges. Finally, trend analysis based on the Mann–Kendall method indicated that significant increasing and decreasing patterns in precipitation appeared in the northwest part of China and the Yellow River region, respectively. Significant increasing and decreasing trends in AET were detected in the Southwest region and the Yangtze River region, respectively. In addition, the Southwest region, northern China (including the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, and Haihe Basins), and the Yellow River Basin showed significant decreasing trends in run‐off, and the Zhemin hydrological region showed a significant increasing trend. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地球内部物质组成及其性质的研究     

臧绍先  宁杰远 《地球物理学进展》1993,(2)

地球内部物质组成的研究涉及对地表现象的深入解释,与地球动力学、地球热结构及宇宙演化有着密切的关系.本文综述了这方面的研究结果及近期的进展,指出两种地幔模型的主要分歧点,讨论了地幔中的主要相变及与间断面的关系,对今后研究提出四点意见.  相似文献   

CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE RATIO F685/F735 IN BROWN ALGAE AND ITS VARIATION UNDER EXCITATION BY TWO TYPES OF LIGHT AND DEHYDRATION     

武宝玕  臧汝波 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(1):1-7

Calculation and comparative study of the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F735 in brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Underia pinnatifida and Padina crassa) excited by blue and green light showed that the fluorescence ratios were higher when the algae were excited by blue light (440 nm), but reduced obviously under green light (540 nm) excitation. The values also reduced under dehydration but could recover during rehydration if the stress was not serious. The variation of the fluorescence ratio under dehydration was mainly because changes in fluorescence emission at 735 nm were always sharper than those at 685 nm. The ratio was sensitive to stress and has potential as a stress indicator in phycological research. Measurement of the fluorescence excitation spectra showed that the only peak at 540 hm changed apparently during dehydration. It meant that the function of the Chl a /Fucoxanthin protein complex for energy transfer was easily inhibited by water stress. However, no variation of the ratio was foun  相似文献   

四平山门银矿硫同位素地质特征     

臧友顺  王福宽 《吉林地质》1991,10(1):22-29

山门银矿的成矿热液体系中总硫同位素组成近于陨硫值与岩浆硫值相近,具深源硫特点。金属矿物硫同位素组成在同位素交换平衡条件下属中低温环境沉淀。同位素变异时间、空间上都有较明显的演化规律。  相似文献   

三轴压缩下软弱面对岩石破裂的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

臧绍先 《地震工程学报》1985,7(3):23-28

将岩石标本分为三组,分别锯至直径的1/3、2/3及完全切断。每组的切口与轴向的交角分别取20°,30°,40°和50°。然后用环氧树脂将切断的标本粘合,将锯开的切口填充,形成人为软弱面。将上述标本及完整岩石标本分别在0.79千巴及3.03千巴的围压、10~(-5)/秒的常应变率下进行实验,发现: (1)在部分切口的标本中,明显由两个紧接的主要破裂过程组成,第一个是软弱面的破裂,第二个是岩石标本中新的破裂。(2)全切口标本中破裂面完全沿软弱面发展;2/3切口标本中,大多数破裂面沿软弱面发展,但在3.03千巴围压下,切口与轴向成20°,50°角的标本中,主要破裂面取与软弱面共轭的方位;1/3切口标本中,破裂面较复杂,但都交汇在切口端点,且取向大都在软弱面共轭方位,但夹角较小。(3)切口对标本破裂强度有明显影响,切口越大,强度越低;切口的角度对全切口标本及2/3切口标本的强度也有明显影响,在30°左右强度最小,而对1/3切口标本的强度没有影响。结合上述结果对地震断裂与软弱面的关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

震前地倾斜跃变异常初探          下载免费PDF全文

藏希明  刘金勇  杨俊峰 《地震工程学报》1984,6(4):57-61

本文对临震前地倾斜跃变异常的基本记录特点、跃变达到峰值后发震时间关系及跃变矢量与发震方位的关系等作了初步探讨。得到了以下三点认识: (1)地倾斜跃变异常从出现到峰值这段时间的两倍加一个常数便是未来地震的发震时间。(2)地倾斜跃变的矢量方位多指向或背向震中。(3)地倾斜跃变异常持续时间越长,幅度越大,一般发震的震级就越大。  相似文献   

锆石的裂变径迹年龄测定技术          下载免费PDF全文

陈祥高  张忠奎  臧文秀 《地质科学》1984,(1):94-97

六十年代初发展起来的核裂变径迹测定年龄技术,已在地质年代学、宇宙年代学和考古工作等领域得到了广泛应用。裂变径迹测定年龄技术,是应用各种天然矿物或材料中微量杂质铀的自发裂变碎片,在绝缘固体介质中产生的辐射损伤痕迹(即裂变径迹)测定年龄的方法。该法的优点之一是应用范围广,在火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩中常可找到合适的测定对象。  相似文献