A method for improving uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixing in real-time precise point positioning   总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5  

Xingxing Li  Maorong Ge  Hongping Zhang  Jens Wickert 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(5):405-416

In order to improve the performance of precise point positioning (PPP), this paper presents a new data processing scheme to shorten the convergence time and the observation time required for a reliable ambiguity-fixing. In the new scheme, L1 and L2 raw observations are used and the slant ionospheric delays are treated as unknown parameters. The empirical spatial and temporal constraints and the ionospheric delays derived from a real-time available ionospheric model are all considered as pseudo-observations into the estimation for strengthening the solution. Furthermore, we develop a real-time computational procedure for generating uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs) on L1 and L2 frequencies. The PPP solution is first carried out on all reference stations based on the proposed scheme, undifferenced float ambiguities on L1 and L2 frequencies can be directly obtained from the new scheme. The L1 and L2 UPDs are then generated and broadcasted to users in real-time. This data product and also the performance of the new PPP scheme are evaluated. Our results indicate that the new processing scheme considering ionospheric characteristics can reduce the convergence time by about 30 % for float kinematic solutions. The observation time for a reliable ambiguity-fixing is shortened by 25 % compared to that of the traditional ambiguity-fixed kinematic solution. When the new method is used for static reference stations, the observation time for ambiguity-fixing is about 10 min in static mode and only 5  min if the coordinates are fixed to well-known values.  相似文献   

利用氧气和水汽吸收波段暗像元假设的MERIS影像二类水体大气校正方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

檀静  李云梅  赵运林  吕恒  徐德强  周莉  刘阁 《遥感学报》2013,17(4):768-787

摘 要:MERIS数据以其更为合理的水色波段设置和300m较高的空间分辨率,在内陆湖泊水环境遥感监测中有较大的应用潜力, 对其进行有效的大气校正则是水环境参数定量化反演的前提。以太湖为研究区, 研究基于氧气和水汽吸收波段的暗象元假设, 改进传统的近红外波段暗像元假设的大气校正方法。采用MERIS L2p数据辅助获取湖区气溶胶参数, 并利用2007年11月11日、2008年11月20日以及2009年4月25日三景MERIS影像进行方法验证。结果表明, 该方法能够快速、有效地完成MERIS影像的大气校正, 与地面准同步实测数据相比, 三次校正的RMSP都在25%以下; 与BEAM自带的二类水体大气校正算法、气溶胶厚度辅助的6S大气校正以及改进的暗象元算法进行精度比较, 表明该算法校正精度较高。由于该算法不需要同步实测气溶胶数据, 因此具有一定的适用性。  相似文献   

Detection of crossover time scales in multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis     

Erjia Ge  Yee Leung 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2013,15(2):115-147

Fractal is employed in this paper as a scale-based method for the identification of the scaling behavior of time series. Many spatial and temporal processes exhibiting complex multi(mono)-scaling behaviors are fractals. One of the important concepts in fractals is crossover time scale(s) that separates distinct regimes having different fractal scaling behaviors. A common method is multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). The detection of crossover time scale(s) is, however, relatively subjective since it has been made without rigorous statistical procedures and has generally been determined by eye balling or subjective observation. Crossover time scales such determined may be spurious and problematic. It may not reflect the genuine underlying scaling behavior of a time series. The purpose of this paper is to propose a statistical procedure to model complex fractal scaling behaviors and reliably identify the crossover time scales under MF-DFA. The scaling-identification regression model, grounded on a solid statistical foundation, is first proposed to describe multi-scaling behaviors of fractals. Through the regression analysis and statistical inference, we can (1) identify the crossover time scales that cannot be detected by eye-balling observation, (2) determine the number and locations of the genuine crossover time scales, (3) give confidence intervals for the crossover time scales, and (4) establish the statistically significant regression model depicting the underlying scaling behavior of a time series. To substantive our argument, the regression model is applied to analyze the multi-scaling behaviors of avian-influenza outbreaks, water consumption, daily mean temperature, and rainfall of Hong Kong. Through the proposed model, we can have a deeper understanding of fractals in general and a statistical approach to identify multi-scaling behavior under MF-DFA in particular.  相似文献   

Coastal evolution of Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, China since the mid-Holocene based on the Landsat MSS imagery     

Yanyan Kang  Fei Xia  Xianrong Ding  Changkuan Zhang  Ligang Cheng  Xiaoping Ge  Jennifer Glass 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):915-931

Since the 1970s, remote sensing images have provided new information for the delineation and analysis of coastline changes, especially focusing on the short timescale changes. This paper, based on the Landsat MSS imagery, focuses on the coastline evolution of Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, China since the mid-Holocene. A zebra stripe image, which could reveal the ancient coastal evolution of Yancheng, was extracted from a Landsat MSS image. Based on the extracted black-white stripes, 19 surface sediment samples were recovered and analyzed to recognize the sedimentary characteristics of these stripes. It shows that most sand and silty sand samples appear on the white stripes, while silt and silty clay samples are on the black stripes. Sandy and muddy sediments present an alternating distri- bution pattern on the Yancheng coastal plain. A historical coastline map was drawn according to the previous research achievements of the paleo-coastal sand barriers and paleo-coastlines, and was superimposed on the zebra stripe image. The trend of the extracted zebra stripes is consistent with the historical coastlines, and it should be the symbol of the Yancheng coastline evolution. On the basis of ten sets of black-white stripes and previous research results, we divided the progression of Yancheng coastal evolution into three stages （i.e., the early stable stage （6500 a BP-AD 1128）, the rapid deposition stage （AD 1128-1855） and the adjustment stage （AD 1855-present））. Ten sets of black-white stripes were identified as the characteristic pattern of the coastline evolution on the Yancheng coastal plain.  相似文献   

Assessment of social vulnerability to natural hazards in the Yangtze River Delta, China   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

Yi Ge  Wen Dou  Zhihui Gu  Xin Qian  Jinfei Wang  Wei Xu  Peijun Shi  Xiaodong Ming  Xin Zhou  Yuan Chen 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(8):1899-1908

China is exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, and disaster losses have escalated over the past decade. Owing to the pressure from natural disasters, along with changes in climate, social conditions, and regional environment, assessment of social vulnerability (SV) to natural hazards has become increasingly urgent for risk management and sustainable development in China. This paper presents a new method for quantifying SV based on the projection pursuit cluster (PPC) model. A reference social vulnerability index (SVI) at the county level was created for the Yangtze River Delta area in China for 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2009. The result of social vulnerability assessment was validated using data of actual losses from natural disasters. The primary findings are as follows: (i) In the study area, the major factors that impact SVI are regional per capita GDP and per capita income. (ii) The study area was more vulnerable in 1995 than in later years. SV of the whole region had decreased over the study period. (iii) Most part of Shanghai and the southeast part of Jiangsu Province had been the least vulnerable within the region. From this least vulnerable zone to the periphery of the region, the situation deteriorated. The highest SVI values in all evaluated years were found in the northern, western, or southern tips of the Yangtze River Delta.  相似文献   

Morphological characteristics and environmental implications of phytoliths in topsoils from different vegetation zones on northern slope of Changbai Mountains,China     

Zhihe Qiao  Dongmei Jie  Hongmei Liu  Yong Ge  Hongyan Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(6):506-512

The Changbai Mountains,located in the temperate monsoon climate zone of East Asia,is an ideal loca-tion for the research on timberline response to global changes.In this study,the topsoils were collected from different vertical vegetation zones on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China in August 2009,and phytoliths in the soil samples were extracted by using wet oxidation method and identified with Motic 2.0 microscope in laboratory.The results show that phytoliths are abundant in the ...  相似文献   

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陈玮娴  陈义  袁庆  葛旭明 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(5):90-96

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城市化进程对自然水系功能的影响     

姚文涛  王静  Roch  葛琳  谭海樵 《地域研究与开发》2010,29(6)

城市化进程中城市水文系统受到严重影响,致使现阶段我国城市中自然水文循环系统和以供排水为重心的城市人工侧支水循环系统之间存在尖锐矛盾。如何协调两者之间的关系,实现流域内城市地区人工侧支水循环系统与自然水文循环系统之间的良性互动,从而促进城市系统中经济、社会和环境协调可持续发展成为亟待解决的问题。  相似文献   

饱和储层砂岩中流体粘度引起的超声波速度频散实验研究(英文)   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

何涛  邹长春  裴发根  任科英  孔繁达  史謌 《应用地球物理》2010,7(2):114-126

在实验室对5块储层砂岩进行了模拟地层压力条件下的超声波速度测试。砂岩样品采自WXS凹陷的W地层,覆盖了从低到高的孔隙度和渗透率范围。实验选用了卤水和4种不同密度油作为孔隙流体,结合温度变化,实现了对流体粘度引致的速度频散研究。对实验结果的分析表明:(1)对于高孔隙度和渗透率的样品,无论是哪种流体饱和,观察到的超声波速度测试值和零频率Gassmann预测值的差异较小(约2-3%),基本上可以用Biot模型解释;对于中等孔隙度和渗透率的样品,低粘度流体(<约3mP?S)的频散效应也可以用Biot模型得到合理解释;(2)对于低、中孔隙度和渗透率样品,当流体粘度增加时,喷射流机制起主导作用,导致严重的速度频散(可达8%)。对储层砂岩的微裂隙纵横比进行了估计并用于喷射流特征频率的计算,当高于该特征频率时,Gassmann理论的假设条件受到破坏,实验室测得的高频速度不能直接用于地震低频条件下的W地层砂岩的Gassmann流体替换研究。  相似文献   

氡气测量法-高密度电法在断层定位中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王诗东  庹先国  李怀良  葛宝 《地学前缘》2011,18(2):315-320

主要论述了氡气测量法与高密度电法相结合的综合物探方法在断层定位中的应用。通过已知断层在同一岩性、不同岩性的试验结果,同地质剖面对比分析,说明两种物探方法对断层定位是可行的。最后,将试验结果应用到工程地质推断断层,取得了较为理想的效果。  相似文献