Nitrogen Budget in Recirculating Aquaculture and Water Exchange Systems for Culturing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>     

Zhao Chen  Hongxing Ge  Zhiqiang Chang  Xiefa Song  Fazhen Zhao  Jian Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(4):905-912

In order to investigate the culture characteristics of two indoor intensive Litopenaeus vannamei farming modes, recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and water exchange system (WES), this study was carried out to analyze the water quality and nitrogen budget including various forms of nitrogen, microorganism and chlorophyll-a. Nitrogen budget was calculated based on feed input, shrimp harvest, water quality and renewal rate, and collection of bottom mud. Input nitrogen retained in shrimp was 23.58% and 19.10% respectively for WES and RAS, and most of nitrogen waste retained in water and bottom mud. In addition, most of nitrogen in the water of WES was TAN (21.32%) and nitrite (15.30%), while in RAS was nitrate (25.97%), which means that more than 76% of ammonia and nitrite were removed. The effect of microalgae in RAS and WES was negligible. However, bacteria played a great role in the culture system considering the highest cultivable cultivable bacterial populations in RAS and WES were 1.03×10¹⁰ cfu mL^?1 and 2.92×10⁹ cfu mL^?1, respectively. Meanwhile the proportion of bacteria in nitrogen budget was 29.61% and 24.61% in RAS and WES, respectively. RAS and WES could realize shrimp high stocking culture with water consuming rate of 1.25 m³ per kg shrimp and 3.89 m³ per kg shrimp, and power consuming rates of 3.60 kw h per kg shrimp and 2.51 kw h per kg shrimp, respectively. This study revealed the aquatic environment and nitrogen budget of intensive shrimp farming in detail, which provided the scientific basis for improving the industrial shrimp farming.  相似文献   

保持局域特征的多源海冰图像融合与分类     

余志强  王廷伟  张晰  张杰  任鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(7):129-136

本文提出一种保持局域特征的多源海冰图像融合方法，并在此基础上进行海冰分类。本文提出的多源海冰图像融合方法包括保持空间局域融合和保持特征局域融合两方面。首先，通过学习得到投影矩阵和相似矩阵。投影矩阵将多源像素进行投影变换，得到保留像素空间局域特性的融合向量。相似矩阵度量像素特征间的相似性，通过拉普拉斯特征分解，得到保留像素特征局域相似性的融合向量。然后，将空间融合向量和特征融合向量进行像素综合，得到融合图像。在此基础上，本文设计一种滑动集成分类方法进行融合图像像素分类。提出的分类方法利用滑动集成的特点，在分类时增强刻画了海冰局域特性。由于本文的保持局域融合框架不仅刻画了海冰在物理空间中的邻接关系，而且考虑不同海冰类型的特征关系，因此其在多源图像（多光谱和合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像）的海冰分类任务中表现优异。实验结果表明本文提出的基于保持局域特征融合的多源海冰图像分类方法有效提升了海冰分类精度。  相似文献   

Study on Nonlinear Characteristics of Freak-Wave Forces with Different Wave Steepness     

Deng  Yan-fei  Tian  Xin-liang  Li  Xin 《中国海洋工程》2019,33(5):608-617

The nonlinear wave forces on vertical cylinders induced by freak wave trains were experimentally investigated. A series of freak wave trains with different wave steepness were modeled in a wave flume. The corresponding wave forces on vertical cylinders of different diameters were measured. The experimental wave forces were also compared with the predicted results based on Morison formula. Particular attentions were paid to the effects of wave steepness on the dimensionless peak forces, asymmetry characteristics of the impact forces and high-frequency force components. Wavelet-based analysis methods were employed in revealing the local energy structures and quadratic phase coupling in the freak wave forces.  相似文献   

Accelerated recruitment of copepod Calanus hyperboreus in pelagic slope waters of the western Arctic Ocean     

XU Zhiqiang  ZHANG Guangtao  SUN Song 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,(5)

Shelf-basin advection is essential to subsistence of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus population in high basin area. Its abundance, population structure and body size in pelagic layer were investigated with samples collected over a large range in the western Arctic Ocean during summer 2003, to evaluate the geographical variation in recruitment pattern. Calanus hyperboreus was absent from the shallow areas of the Chukchi Sea and most abundant in the slope area between the Chukchi Sea and Chukchi Abyssal Plain(CS-slope). Total abundance varied between 1 110.0 and 5 815.0 ind./m2 in the CS-slope area and ranged from 40.0 to 950.0 ind./m2 in the other areas. Early stages(CI–IV) dominated in the CS-slope area, whereas CV and adult females were frequently recorded only in deep basin areas. Geographical difference of prosome length was most evident in CIII,with average ranging from 2.48 to 2.61 mm at the CS-slope stations and 2.16–2.37 mm at the others. Abundance of early developmental stages(CI–CIV) correlated positively with Chl a concentration, but negative correlation was observed in late stages(CV–adult). Our results indicated that C. hyperboreus can benefit from primary production increase through accelerated development in the first growth season and the productive CS-slope area is a potential source for slope-basin replenishment.  相似文献   

Flotation characteristics of two different types of ilmenite with sodium oleate     

Zhang Jie  Liu Weijun  Wang Weiqing  Xiong shuqing  Wang dezhi  Yan Wu  Deng Jie 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2015,109(3):299-306

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AUV重力测量的运动加速度建模及平台优选          下载免费PDF全文

张志强  李建成  郑晗  文无敌 《海洋测绘》2020,40(4):9-16

针对适合捷联式重力仪的AUV搭载平台的选型问题,基于国内AUV实际航行数据,分析了多推进器组合、推进器和浮力舱组合、推进器和鳍舵组合等3类AUV的定深航行运动特性;推导了AUV水下航行在3个坐标轴方向上对重力仪产生的运动加速度计算公式,得到运动加速度与AUV水下6个自由度运动要素的解析表达式;基于运动加速度分析,讨论了适用于水下移动重力测量的AUV平台和推进装置设计,进行了AUV搭载平台的优选,并给出了重力仪安装位置建议;选定的AUV实验平台实施移动重力测量验证试验重复线精度达到0.42mGal,验证了搭载平台优选的有效性。  相似文献   

Changes in potential evapotranspiration and surface runoff in 1981–2010 and the driving factors in Upper Heihe River Basin in Northwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Kaisheng Luo  Fulu Tao  Xiangzheng Deng  Juana P. Moiwo 《水文研究》2017,31(1):90-103

Changes in potential evapotranspiration and surface runoff can have profound implications for hydrological processes in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, we investigated the response of hydrological processes to climate change in Upper Heihe River Basin in Northwest China for the period from 1981 to 2010. We used agronomic, climatic and hydrological data to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model for changes in potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) and surface runoff and the driving factors in the study area. The results showed that increasing autumn temperature increased snow melt, resulting in increased surface runoff, especially in September and October. The spatial distribution of annual runoff was different from that of seasonal runoff, with the highest runoff in Yeniugou River, followed by Babaohe River and then the tributaries in the northern of the basin. There was no evaporation paradox at annual and seasonal time scales, and annual ET₀ was driven mainly by wind speed. ET₀ was driven by relative humidity in spring, sunshine hour duration in autumn and both sunshine hour duration and relative humility in summer. Surface runoff was controlled by temperature in spring and winter and by precipitation in summer (flood season). Although surface runoff increased in autumn with increasing temperature, it depended on rainfall in September and on temperature in October and November. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geophysical constraints on mesozoic disruption of North China Craton by underplating‐triggered lower‐crust flow of the Archaean lithosphere     

Zhongjie Zhang  Yanghua Wang  Yangfan Deng  Lin Chen  Jing Wu  Jiwen Teng  Yun Chen  Weiming Fan  Giuliano Panza 《地学学报》2013,25(3):245-251

The mechanism of the disruption, both lithospheric thinning and oceanization of the commonly accepted long‐term‐stable Archaean craton, is still an open question. The available models, all imply a bottom to top process. With the construction of a 1660‐km‐long transect across the eastern North China Craton (NCC), we demonstrate that both the P‐wave velocity and density in the lowermost crust beneath the central section are significantly higher than in the corresponding parts of the south and north sections on the transect. These features are interpreted as geophysical signature of lower crustal underplating, which supplies sufficiently high gravitational potential energy to trigger lateral flow of the lower crust. This magma underplating‐triggered bilateral lower crust flow may facilitate the lithospheric thinning by means of asthenosphere upwelling and decompression melting, which infill the gap produced by the lower crust flow. The underplating‐triggered lower crustal flow can provide an alternative mechanism to explain the NCC lithosphere disruption, which highlights the crustal feedback to Archaean lithosphere disruption, from top to bottom.  相似文献   

广西隆安下石炭统都结微生物岩微相特征与沉积环境研究     

苗卓伟  张永利  巩恩普  关长庆  阮氏梅香  黄文韬  王邓 《地质论评》2016,62(5):1134-1148

广西隆安县都结乡发育的微生物岩产于下石炭统都安组中—上部地层,分布广、厚度大,是中国南方早石炭世报道较少的碳酸盐岩建造类型,具有较高的研究价值。该微生物岩以颗粒灰岩和粘结岩为主,生物含量丰富,包括微生物、有孔虫、棘皮类、钙球、腕足等。通过岩相分析,可识别出以下8种微相类型:MF1含亮晶胶结物的泥晶包壳生屑灰岩、MF2含腕足似球粒灰岩、MF3无纹层似球粒颗粒灰岩、MF4集合颗粒灰岩、MF5细密纹层状粘结岩、MF6内碎屑鲕粒灰岩、MF7鲕粒灰岩、MF8白云质鲕粒灰岩。伴随海平面升降变化,都结微生物岩沉积环境先后经历了FZ1台地边缘浅滩相、FZ2开阔台地相与FZ3局限台地相这三种沉积相带之间往复变化的沉积相模式。结合前人基础地质资料,该沉积相模式表明该微生物岩发育于低纬度孤立碳酸盐岩台地浅水环境,并经历了初期、主体时期和消亡期3个发育阶段,海平面虽伴有小幅波动,但整体呈下降趋势。微生物岩发育于晚古生代冰期与谢尔普霍夫生物灭绝事件前夕,该时期南盘江盆地微生物岩的富集与后生动物礁的缺失相耦合,海洋生态系统中生物组成发生显著变化。在此基础上,本文从微生物岩的角度初步探讨了冈瓦纳大陆冰川作用对北半球低纬度地区的影响。  相似文献   

我国尾矿综合利用研究现状及建议   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘志强  郝梓国  刘恋  费红彩  黄敏 《地质论评》2016,62(5):62051277-62051282

尾矿资源综合利用问题已受到世界各国的重视,其对策已由消极的废物处理转向物质再回收,尾矿资源化的发展趋势越来越清晰。但是,我国尾矿综合利用率和发达国家相比还存在较大的差距。大量的尾矿积存,对矿山周边地区环境、土地利用造成了严重的影响。开展典型尾矿资源综合利用技术研究和推广尾矿资源产业化利用技术研究与推广,不但可使原来资源枯竭或资源不足的矿山焕发青春,而且还能够重新成为新的资源基地,以开辟新的材料科技领域,推动科技进步,同时也可以解决环境污染、改善生态环境和整治国土,具有巨大社会、经济和环境效益。因此尾矿的综合利用要做到国家重視、立法保障、评价先行、技术支撑、全部利用,才能真正解决尾矿污染等问题。  相似文献