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排序方式： 共有817条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
771.
Xin Cao Jun Chen LiJun Chen AnPing Liao FangDi Sun Yang Li Lei Li ZhongHui Lin ZhiGuo Pang Jin Chen ChaoYing He Shu Peng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2330-2339
Land surface water (LSW) is one of the most important resources for human survival and development, and it is also a main component of global water recycling. A full understanding of the spatial distribution of land surface water and a continuous measuring of its dynamics can support to diagnose the global ecosystem and environment. Based on the Global Land 30-water 2000 and Global Land 30-water 2010 products, this research analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and temporal fluctuation of land surface water under scale-levels of global, latitude and longitude, continents, and climate zones. The Global Land 30-water products were corrected the temporal inconsistency of original remotely sensed data using MODIS time-series data, and then calculated the indices such as water area, water ration and coefficient of spatial variation for further analysis. Results show that total water area of land surface is about 3.68 million km2 (2010), and occupies 2.73% of land area. The spatial distribution of land surface water is extremely uneven and is gathered mainly in mid- to high-latitude area of the Northern Hemisphere and tropic area. The comparison of water ratio between 2000 and 2010 indicates the overall fluctuation is small but spatially differentiated. The Global Land 30-water products and the statistics provided the fundamental information for analyzing the spatial distribution pattern and temporal fluctuation of land surface water and diagnosing the global ecosystem and environment. 相似文献
772.
AbstractWe developed a water-use conflict analysis framework to determine environmental flows that optimally balance water requirements for ecosystems and human activities. This framework considers trade-offs between water use for ecosystem health and agricultural processes and considers temporal variations in hydrological processes. It comprises three separate models that (a) analyse water balance between agriculture and initial environmental flows, (b) identify outcomes of varying balances in water use, and (c) determine recommended environmental flows for sustainable water use. We applied the framework to a region downstream of the Yellow River in China. Based on our results, we recommend a water management plan that allocates more water to ecosystem services than is currently allocated and that does not increase predicted economic losses. In addition, we found that recommended flows change depending on the ecological objectives considered and whether technologies or methodologies that improve water-use efficiency are employed.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. AcremanCitation Pang, A., Sun, T., and Yang, Z., 2014. A framework for determining recommended environmental flows for balancing agricultural and ecosystem water demands. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 890–903. 相似文献
773.
筛析法是测定沉积物颗粒组分的简单便捷方法,但关于振筛机对不同物料颗粒的最佳筛析时间少有报道。采用顶击式标准振筛机、1/2Φ间隔的套筛,开展了以风成沙为筛析样品、以筛析时间为变量的实验。结果表明：随着筛析时间增加,粒度参数的平均粒径和分选系数有增加且趋于平稳的趋势,但参数级别未发生改变;随筛析时间的增加,个别样品的偏度和峰度级别发生改变,其余均未改变;整体上,≥35目的筛网是决定1/2Φ间隔套筛最佳筛析时间的主要标准筛,但不同特性的风成沙颗粒对不同筛网的最佳筛析时间存在差异;为保证在筛析时间增加的过程中,粒度参数级别不再发生改变,且各筛网上的沙物质颗粒质量变化较小或趋于稳定,选取供试样品的平均最佳筛析时间作为风成沙颗粒筛析的最佳时间,建议风成沙颗粒的最佳筛析时间为14min。 相似文献
774.
研究区位于大兴安岭兴安地块的东北部。本文主要讨论了碱长花岗岩和花岗斑岩两种岩石类型,并对其成岩年代、地球化学特征、成因及构造环境进行了深入讨论。研究结果显示：具有高SiO2、A12O3、TFeO/MgO,贫MgO、TiO2、P2O5等特征;A/NK-A/CNK和w（K2O）-w（SiO2）图解显示,样品主要为过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩石。并且（Na2O+K2O）/CaO-w（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）、TFeO/MgO-w（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）图解和锆石饱和温度都显示,研究区花岗岩类岩石具有高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究获得128~124 Ma的岩体侵位年龄,其形成的大地构造背景为蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋消亡之后,陆陆碰撞造山演化晚期地壳伸展背景,岩浆起源于壳内火成岩源岩的部分熔融。 相似文献
775.
Sargassum muticum is one of the most abundant and conspicuous native macroalgae species on the northern coasts of China. It often forms large-scale seaweed beds in subtidal zones. This investigation was designed to understand the intraspecific genetic relationships of this alga based on samples collected from four northern coastal sites of China, and to evaluate gamete release and growth capacity in laboratory conditions. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 （ITS2） sequences of 16 samples from four locations were identical. Based on cox3 gene and partial rbcLS operon sequences, intraspecific genetic variability was detected with three and two ribotypes, respectively. Temperature, not irradiance, was shown to significantly affect gamete release and fertilization. Elevated temperature and irradiance enhanced the growth of germlings and vegetative branchlets. Maximum growth rate of germlings was detected at 18-24℃and an irradiance of 60-100 μmol photons/（m^2.s）. Under ambient conditions （12-25℃ and 60-125 gmol photons/ （m2.s））, relative growth rate of young branchlets could reach 7.5%/d. 相似文献
776.
Water Resources Issues and Control Policy Recommendations in the Process of “Industrialization,Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization” in Henan Province 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the process of “industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization”（he-rein--after referred to shortly as “IUAM”）in Henan province, water resources issues have caused deterioration of water environments and water attenuation. These are the region''s most common and prominent issues, caused by improper activities, water environmental conflict and ignoring the results of local water environment carrying capacity. This environmental problem is getting worse and worse, seriously restricting the region’s “IUAM” healthy development. According to coor-dinated development between “IUAM” and water resources bearing capacity, we carry out the environmental management of water resources policy research and design and put forward some corresponding policies and proposals. 相似文献
777.
隆起带的形成和演化分析对于油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。通过对比生长地层法、沉降史回剥技术和剩余构造沉降3种构造演化的手段,旨在全面揭示东沙（DS）25凸起的演化历史。依据生长地层的厚度、地层反射终端等特征划分出白云凹陷DS25凸起演化的主要阶段;运用回剥法恢复DS25凸起的沉降历史和与周缘地区的沉降差异;结合剩余构造沉降分析,定量判断隆起的抬升、沉降和差异沉降作用及发育时期。在对以上3种方法对比综合的基础上,综合生长地层指示的重要构造变革界面、沉降史恢复和剩余构造沉降精细划分的沉降阶段和构造运动形式,重建DS25凸起演化过程,并提出以下5个演化阶段：65～30 Ma,凸起顶部遭受强烈剥蚀;30 Ma左右,凸起发生大规模抬升;30～23.8 Ma,发生微弱沉降;23.8～10.5 Ma,发生差异沉降,并出现三幕强烈沉降;10.5 Ma至今,凸起经历持续抬升。 相似文献
778.
In this paper, almost all available observational data and the latest 6.0 version of Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model were employed to investigate a heavy sea fog event occurring over the Yellow Sea from 2 to 5 May 2009. The evolutionary process of this event was documented by using Multifunctional Transport Satellites-1 (MTSAT-1) visible satellite imagery. The synoptic situation, sounding profiles at two selected stations were analyzed. The difference between the air temperature and sea surface temperature during the sea fog event over the entire sea region was also analyzed. In order to better understand this event, an RAMS modeling with a 15 km×15 km resolution was performed. The model successfully reproduced the main characteristics of this sea fog event. The simulated height of fog top and the area of lower atmospheric visibility derived from the RAMS modeling results showed good agreement with the sea fog area identified from the satellite imagery. Examinations of both observational data and RAMS modeling results suggested that advection cooling seemed to play an important role in the formation of this sea fog event. 相似文献
779.
Breeding practice for Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar requires the screening of a large number of offspring from gametophyte crossings to obtain an elite variety for large-scale cultivation. To better understand the genetic relationships of different gametophyte cultures isolated from different sources, 20 microsatellite loci were screened and 53 gametophyte clone cultures analyzed for U. pinnatifida isolated from wild sporophytes in Vladivostok, Russia and from cultivated sporophytes from Dalian and Qingdao, China. One locus was abandoned because of poor amplification. At the sex-linked locus of Up-AC-2A8, 3 alleles were detected in 25 female gametophyte clones, with sizes ranging from 307 to 316 bp. At other loci, 3 to 7 alleles were detected with an average of 4.5 alleles per locus. The average number of alleles at each locus was 1.3 and 3.7 for Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones, respectively. The average gene diversity for Russian, Chinese, and for the combined total of gametophyte clones was 0.1, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. Russian gametophyte clones had unique alleles at 7 out of the 19 loci. In cluster analysis, Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones were separated into two different groups according to genetic distance. Overall, high genetic diversity was detected in gametophyte clones isolated from the two countries. These gametophyte cultures were believed to be appropriate parental materials for conducting breeding programs in the future. 相似文献
780.
During a survey for marine microalgal resources, we isolated a rare marine euglenoid from the coastal waters of Qingdao, China in 2009, and established a pure culture. Electron microscopic and molecular phylogenetic (18S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequences) analyses revealed a close affinity with Eutreptiella gymnastica, a bloom-forming species. Different culture conditions were monitored to understand optimal E. gymnastica growth characteristics. The optimal growth conditions in a batch culture of this isolate were 20°C, 160 μmol photons/(m2×s) of white light, and a salinity of 10-31. Nutrient experiments demonstrated that growth increased dramatically with a phosphorus concentration greater than 72 μmol/L. Understanding the effect of culture conditions on E. gymnastica may help understanding the blooming mechanism of this alga in its natural environment. 相似文献