Development and Extension of Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高从堦 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(1):40-45

Seawater desalination has been people‘s fond dream since ancient times,the dream is now becoming a reality.This paper presents a brief development history of reverse osmosis.Much attention was paid to innovative development in mebranes,modules.equipments and applied technology,including asymmetric and composite membranes,spiral-wound element and hollow fiber module,energy recovery equipments and different technological processes.The extension of reverse osmosis,such as desalination,pre-concentration,integrated processes and nanofiltration,is also briefly mentioned.  相似文献   

CO-Observations of post-starburst galaxies     

Marco Barden  Linda J. Tacconi  Matthew D. Lehnert  Dimitra Rigopoulou 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,277(1):95-95

  相似文献   

Evolution of short period meteoroid streams     

P. B. Babadzhanov  Yu. V. Obrubov 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1992,54(1-3):111-127

The dynamical evolution of meteoroid streams associated with cornets Encke, Halley, Machholz 1986 VIII and asteroid Phaethon is discussed. It is shown that the planetary perturbations can greatly increase the streams thickness and each stream may produce several couples of meteor showers active in different seasons of the year. The theoretical and observed data are in a satisfactory accordance.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Light Transmission in Summer and Winter and Its Relation to Sediment Transport in the East China Sea     

白虹  胡敦欣  庞重光 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(4):329-334

INTRODUCTIONTheSubeiShoalandtheChangjiangRiverestuarineareainthewestoftheHuanghaiandEastChinaSeasisoneofthemarginalseasintheworld ,wheresuspendedmatterisextremelyhigh .Here ,notonlyistheretheTaiwanWarmCurrentoneoftheKuroshio’sbranchesintheEastChinaSea,butalsotheHuanghaiCoastalCurrent,andChangjiangDilutedWater.Sothestrongmixingbetweenthecoastalandoffshorewaterscomplicatessuspendedmatterdistributioninthisarea.HowthesuspendedmatterdischargedfromtheChangjiangRiverandtheabandonedHuan…  相似文献   

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANGShi-yu XIAOHan-liang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):259-261

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION VARIATION CHARACTERISTIC OF URBAN HEAT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ITS MECHANISM——A Case Study of Hangzhou City     

WANGWei-wu ZHULi-zhong WANGRen-chao SHIYong-jung 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(1):39-47

Urban heat environmental quality(UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area .In the last two decades,many researchers from domestic and overseas have studied many problems at the aspect of urban heat environment such as urban heat islands ,urban air temperature and their rela-tion with urban land cover,city population,air pollution etc,In the recent years,Hangzhou,acting as a center city of Zhejiang Province in China,its urbanization quantum and quantity have both changed greatly,in particular ,representing as business affairs building,resident real property and all kins of specialty market having arisen in built-up zone,Based on Landsat TM images data in 1991 and 1999,urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by remote sensing software ERDAS image 8.4,The relation model between urban underlying surface temperature (UUST )and urban air temperature was setup according to the certain correlation patten .Reference to the relational standard of assessing human comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer,the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial varia-tion degree of human comfort of heat environmental quality are estimated and mapped on a middle scale,that is ,in six districts of Hangzhou City .Then the paper reveals the main characteristic of spatial variation from 1991 to 1999.Lastly,the change mechanism is analyzed and discussed from the viewpoint of city planning,construction and environmental protec-tion.  相似文献   

Spine–sheath polarization structures in four active galactic nuclei jets     

A. B. Pushkarev  D. C. Gabuzda  Yu. N. Vetukhnovskaya  V. E. Yakimov 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,356(3):859-871

We present the results of multifrequency (15 + 8 + 5 GHz) polarization Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the three BL Lacertae objects 0745+241, 1418+546 and 1652+398 together with 5-GHz VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) observations of 1418+546 and 1.6- and 5-GHz VSOP observations of the blazar 1055+018. The jets of all these sources have polarization structure transverse to the jet axis, with the polarization E vectors aligned with the jet along the jet spine and 'sheaths' of orthogonal E vectors at one or both edges of the jet. The presence of polarization aligned with the jet near the 'spine' may indicate that the jets are associated with helical B fields that propogate outward with the jet flow; the presence of orthogonal polarization near the edges of the jet may likewise be a consequence of a helical jet B field, or may be owing to an interaction with the ambient medium on parsec scales. We have tentatively detected interknot polarization in 1055+018 with E aligned with the local jet direction, consistent with the possibility that the jet of this source is associated with a helical B field.  相似文献   

Effects of Different Diets on the Dietary Attractability and Selectivity of Chinese Shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis     

HUANGGuoqiang DONGShuanglin WANGFang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(1):56-60

Attractabilities of different diets and dietary selectivity of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis were studied through behavior observation and feeding experiment, respectively. The five diets used in the experiment are: Fish Flesh (FF), Shrimp Flesh (SF), Clam Foot (CF), Polychaete Worm (PW), and Formulated Diet (FD). No significant differences of attractability exist between any two different diets when every two natural diets or all five diets are provided simultaneously. On the other hand, significant differences of attractability exist between FD and every single natural diet when they are provided simultaneously. Results of behavioral observation indicate that natural diets are more attractive than FD. In feeding experiment, Chinese shrimp has distinct selectivity on different diets. It positively selects CF and PW, negatively selects FF and SF, and excludes FD absolutely. The results of the present studies indicate that the dietary selectivity of shrimp was based not only on the attractabilities of the diets, but also on the responses such as growth and food conversion.  相似文献   

Faint galaxies: merging model of E/SO galaxies     

Wen Xu  Yunqiang Yu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,226(2):309-328

We study a model of mergers affecting only the progenitors of present E/SO. We adopt the standard scenarios of star formation as prescribed by Guiderdoni & Rocca-Volmerange. The merging process is parametrized under the assumptions of(1) self-similarity of the Schechter MF and(2) mass conservation. Nine models are discussed. The predictions are compared with counts ofB _J ,U ⁺,F ⁺,N ⁺ bands. E/SO mergers account for the excess of the faintest blue galaxies without causing excess in redder bands. However, as we no longer have enough mergers at brighter magnitudes, a plain E/SO merging model fits less tightly for the redshift and the colour distributions. Detection effect, a steeper slope of LF may be ways to improve. Our models predict acceptable merger frequencies atz = 0.5 although some models predict more interacting galaxies than observation atz = 0.  相似文献   

A kinetic model of gas flow in a porous cometary mantle     

Yu. V. Skorov  H. Rickman   《Planetary and Space Science》1995,43(12)

A numerical study of gas flow through a porous cometary mantle is presented. A kinetic model based on the well-known Test Particle Monte Carlo Method for the solution of rarefied gas dynamics problems is proposed. The physical model consists of two spatial plane regions: the condensed ice phase and a porous dust mantle. The structure of the porous dust layer is described as a bundle of cylindrical inclined channels not crossing each other. A vertical temperature gradient may exist across the dust mantle. The aim is to investigate how the characteristics of molecular flow depend on the capillary length, inclination angle, and temperature gradient. Examples illustrating a significant deviation of some results from equilibrium values are shown. In particular, the gas velocity distribution at both ends of the pore is strongly non-Maxwellian if there is an important temperature contrast across the pore. The emergent gas flow rate is found to vary with the pore length/radius ratio in excellent agreement with Clausing's empirical formula. The degree of collimation of the flow is quantitatively studied as a function of the length/radius ratio, and consequences for the jet force of outgassing through a dust mantle or, indeed, a rough surface are estimated.  相似文献