Thinning and shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Yingsong Zhang  Shiyin Liu  Donghui Shangguan  Jing Li  Jingdong Zhao 《山地科学学报》2012,9(3):343-350

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of grass strips in trapping suspended sediments from runoff     

Chengzhong Pan  Lan Ma  Zhouping Shangguan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(9):1006-1013

Little information is available concerning the performance of grass strips for erosion control from steep cropland. An experiment was conducted on 5‐m‐long grass strips with slopes of 3°～15° that were subjected to silt laden runoff and simulated rainfall, to investigate the sediment trapping processes. The grass strips had three treatments including intact grass control (C), no litter (dead grass material covering the soil surface was removed) (NL), and no litter or leaves (only 2～3 cm grass stems and roots were reserved) (NLL). Generally the grass strips had a high effectiveness in trapping sediment from steep cropland runoff. Sediment trapping efficiency (STE) decreased with increasing slope gradient, and even for a 15° slope, STE was still more than 40%. Most sediment deposited in the backwater region before each grass strips. The removal of grass litter or/and leaves had no significant influence on STE. The sediment median size (D₅₀) in inflow was greater than that in outflow, and the difference (ΔD₅₀) decreased with increasing slope. A positive power relationship between STE and ΔD₅₀ can be obtained. Grass strips were more effective in trapping sediments coarser than 10 or 25 µm, but sediments finer than 1 µm were more readily removed from runoff than particles in the range of 2 to approximately 10 µm. Grass litter had less influence on flow velocity than leaves because the deposited sediment partially covered the litter layer. Mean flow velocity and its standard deviation were negatively correlated with STE, and they can help make good estimation of STE. Results from this study should be useful in planting and managing forage grass to effectively conserve soil loss by runoff from steep slopes on the Loess Plateau of China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Plant drought tolerance trait is the key parameter in improving the modeling of terrestrial transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Xintao Liu  Xingjie Lu  Shulei Zhang  Zhongwang Wei  Nan Wei  Shupeng Zhang  Hua Yuan  Wei Shangguan  Shaofeng Liu  Jianfeng Huang  Lu Li  Xiulan Ye  Jinxuan Zhou  Wenke Hu  Yongjiu Dai 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):35-41

陆面过程蒸腾作用的模拟制约着天气,气候降水预测的精确度.近几十年来,为了更好地描述植被蒸腾的水力约束,陆面过程模式发展了基于植物性状的植物水力胁迫方案.然而,我们对于植物性状在蒸腾模拟中的地位仍然缺乏了解,植物性状对蒸腾的重要性仍需进一步量化.本研究利用Morris方法评估植物性状参数在通用陆面模式植物水力胁迫方案(CoLM-P₅₀HS)中的重要性,针对17种植物性状,筛选出最为重要的:耐旱性状(P₅₀),气孔性状,和光合作用性状.在12个FLUXNET站点中,参数的重要性由归一化敏感度来衡量.P₅₀的重要性随着降水的减少而增加,而气孔性状和光合作用性状的重要性则随着降水的减少而减少.在干旱或半干旱地区,P₅₀比气孔性状和光合作用性状更重要,这意味着当植物经常经历干旱时,水力安全策略比植物生长策略更关键.而耐旱性状的巨大变异性进一步暗示了多种植物水力安全策略的共存.忽视P₅₀的变异性可能会对陆面过程模式蒸腾作用的模拟造成严重误差.因此,为了更好地表示植物水力功能的变异性,需要增加对耐旱性状的观测并耦合到陆面模式中.  相似文献   

Geochemical Features of the Hubin Spring Gases from the Northern Caldera Lake of the Tianchi Volcano,Changbai Mountains     

Gao Ling~  Shangguan Zhiguan~  Wei Haiquan~  Zhao Ciping~ 《中国地震研究》2011,25(3):370-377

This paper deals with geochemical features of gas emitted from the Hubin Springs.The Hubin Springs zone,a strong thermal emission zone,is are locatedd at the north edge of the Tianchi caldera lake.Very young deposits with uncertain eruption date are found on the top area of the Tianwenfeng,which might have been formed in one of the recent eruptions or the Millennium Eruption.It is of significance to study the geochemistry features of the emitting gas from the Hubin Springs to understand the activities of the Tianchi Volcano.This paper systematically sampled and analyzed the gases emitted from the Hubin Springs and discussed their geochemistry features.The results show that there is a high content of deep derived gases,such as CO2,He,CH4 and Ar in Hubin Springs zone.The isotopic ratio of He lies between 4.18 and 5.95 Ra.The averaged mantle derived gas content calculated from the 4He/20Ne ratio and He content reaches 67.1%.All these show that the Hubin Springs are located on a special belt of deep gases released in high intensity and large scale.The spatial distribution of Helium isotope is characterized by concavity,showing that this special area may be related to the volcanic edifice.It is highly possible that the released gases represent the residual gas samples of the latest eruptions from the Tianchi Volcano.However more detailed studies are demanded.  相似文献   

The glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau based on the multi-temporal grid method and its sensitivity to climate change   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Liping Wang  Zichu Xie  Xin Wang  Shiyin Liu  Liangfu Ding  Donghui Shangguan 《山地科学学报》2011,8(6):882-893

Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid method.The results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang Plateau.However,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western China.We estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang Plateau.Furthermore,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.  相似文献   

Using data‐driven methods to explore the predictability of surface soil moisture with FLUXNET site data     

Jinjing Pan  Wei Shangguan  Lu Li  Hua Yuan  Shupeng Zhang  Xinjie Lu  Nan Wei  Yongjiu Dai 《水文研究》2019,33(23):2978-2996

Soil moisture (SM) is a key variable of land surface‐atmosphere interactions. Data‐driven methods have been used to predict SM, but the predictability of SM has not been well evaluated. This study investigated what variables and methods can be used to better predict SM for leading times of 7 days or longer with a global coverage of FLUXNET site data for the first time. Three machine‐learning models, that is, Bayesian linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting regression tree, are used for the prediction. Variables including atmospheric forcing, surface soil temperature, time variables (year, day of year, and hour), the Fourier transformation of time variables, and lagged SM (7‐ to 14‐day lagged) were sequentially added into models. A framework with five experiments is designed for factorial exploration of SM predictability. A stepwise method was used to build the best models for each site. The performance of regression models became better when adding more explaining variables in most cases. The results showed that from 50 to 95% of variation of the best models can be explained. The important explaining variables are lagged surface SM, followed by day of year, year, soil temperature, and atmospheric forcing. The predictability of SM depends highly on SM memory characteristics and the persistence of seasonality. The effect of SM memory characteristics on SM prediction as an initial condition question has been widely discussed in this paper. Our results also provide an insight that mechanisms of seasonality effects on SM should be also paid more attention to.  相似文献   

Cytological studies on neurosecretory cell of the X-organ in Scylla serrata   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shangguan Bumin  Li Shaojing 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(2):283-290

ＣｙｔｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｎｅｕｒｏｓｅｃｒｅｔｏｒｙｃｅｌｌｏｆｔｈｅＸ－ｏｒｇａｎｉｎＳｃｙｌｌａｓｅｒｒａｔａ￥／／ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎＣｒｕｓｔａｃｅａ,ｎｅｕｒｏｓｅｃｒｅｔｉｏｎｉｓｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｏｂｅｏｎｅｏｆ...  相似文献   

罗布泊盐湖区深部钾盐找矿：理论、勘查、进展及前景分析     

张华  刘成林  焦鹏程  颜辉  张凡凯  李文学  于咏梅  马宝成  王江  王露莎  胡宇飞  沈立建  姚佛军  郭城  上官栓通  苏野  张云 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2030-2040

本文对近年来罗布泊深部钾盐成矿规律研究及找矿进展进行了梳理总结.将其大致归纳为"上升卤水补给"及"含水墙"等成钾理论/模式,为罗布泊后备钾资源找矿提供了新的方向和思路,预测了有利成钾靶区.建立以遥感地质解译、高精度重力剖面测量、EH4连续电导率成像以及氡气剖面测量为主的勘查技术体系,实现了盐湖区深部钾盐找矿靶区高效、经济圈定以及钻孔定位.实施深部钾盐科学钻探验证工程,揭示罗布泊深部赋存有丰富、可采的卤水钾盐资源,取得了找矿突破.罗布泊深部钾盐找矿是理论指导找矿取得突破的又一案例,其成矿理论和勘查技术体系可为其他盐湖及古代盐盆地深部卤水钾盐找矿提供借鉴和参考.鉴于罗布泊卤水钾盐的高强度开发态势以及深部找矿的良好前景,有必要进一步加强深部富钾卤水成因机理研究,重点摸清200～500 m层段资源、研发相应开采技术,为罗布泊钾盐基地可持续发展提供后备资源和技术储备.  相似文献   

稻田CH4的排放规律   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

上官行健  王明星 《地球科学进展》1993,8(5):23-36

通过对我国长江中下游地区、西南地区及华中地区这三大主要水稻区稻田CH_4排放的多年测量,描述了稻田CH_4排放的一般规律及特征。稻田CH_4排放的日变化有三种型式,即下午最大值型式、夜间最大值型式以及下午、夜间双峰型式,导致这三种型式的主要原因是CH_4排放路径的日变化;不同品种水稻的不同生理特性、天气条件会通过改变CH_4排放路径的日变化来改变CH_4排放日变化的型式;随着水稻生长,CH_4排放日变化幅度也会随着变化。 早稻与晚稻稻田CH_4排放的季节变化型式不一致。早稻的CH_4排放一般出现三个排放峰值,其中第一个与第三个峰值是由土壤中CH_4的产生率增加引起的,第二个峰值则是由于CH_4排放路径的畅通引起的。四川地区单季稻CH_4排放的季节变化与早稻比较一致,但是没有第一个排放峰值的出现。引起早、晚稻不同季节变化的原因是水稻生长季节中气温的季节变化。灌溉水状态也能够较大程度的影响稻田CH_4的排放的季节变化。 含SO_4~(2-)的肥料能够降低CH_4的排放,但其作用的大小取决于土壤中有机物质(肥)的数量;施尿素、KCl也能够使CH_4排放降低,但它的降低效应没有有机肥使CH_4排放增大的正效应大,这说明有机肥对CH_4排放的影响很大,而在空气中堆腐过的沼渣肥使稻田CH_4的排放大大降低。不同的施肥使  相似文献   

内蒙白云鄂博铁矿床中磁铁矿和赤铁矿的氧同位素组成   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

魏菊英  上官志冠 《地质科学》1983,(3):217-224

白云鄂博矿床分布在内蒙地轴北部边缘的过渡带。含矿岩系为元古代海相沉积碳酸盐、碎屑岩建造,主要由石英岩、白云岩和板岩组成,其中白云岩是矿体围岩。 矿床受东西向向斜构造控制。向斜以北为一大背斜构造,沿轴部被断层破坏,出露有古老的片麻岩和片岩。向斜以南的背斜构造轴部有海西期黑云母花岗岩侵入,使背斜构造轴部遭受破坏。  相似文献