赣北风沙-粉尘堆积体系元素地球化学变化特征及其对黄土物源示踪意义     

曹向明  钟威  张智  贾玉连  薛滨  万智巍  李晓峰  凌超豪 《第四纪研究》2020,(1):203-213

粉尘的搬运与堆积过程,理论上是不同粒径的岩屑与矿屑颗粒被风力分选并依次沉降的过程,而元素在不同粒级的岩屑与矿屑的富集程度有所差异;因此,对岩屑与矿屑颗粒分选,在一定程度上是对地球化学元素的分选。因此,基于元素地球化学对黄土粉尘示踪研究中,单一节点或(和)剖面均不具有对粉尘源区的严格代表性,通过比较单一节点或剖面的元素地球化学而进行物源示踪的方法往往存在较大的不确定性。本文通过对中亚热带赣北鄱阳湖地区芙蓉-周溪一带的风沙-粉尘堆积体系常量和微量元素的多维度统计分析,发现地球化学元素及其元素对均存在系统性的分选与分异特点。稳定元素(如Al、Ti、Zr、Nb、Lu、Hf、Ta)及其元素对随距物源区的远近呈现线性、指数或对数等的单向变化特点,其变化幅度在沉积体系中可达31%~42%;在二维和三维散点图中其元素对的投影轨迹,是一个有方向的线状或者带状区域。这表明,风沙-粉尘堆积体系内元素地球化学从上风向到下风向是单调变化的,传统上基于元素地球化学的黄土粉尘物源示踪,通过判断投影区域的远近而进行示踪分析,在理论上有一定缺陷。初步建议,未来的元素地球化学示踪应避免单一剖面元素示踪的方法,而应根据粉尘堆积体系的分布情况系统采样,通过揭示粉尘堆积体系元素地球化学的系统特征来开展基于地球化学元素的黄土粉尘物源示踪研究。  相似文献   

祖厉河流域水体盐分空间分布特征及演化过程     

柳子豪  高明波  谭红兵  金犇  张玉东  许鹏 《水文》2018,38(3):83-89

运用水化学方法,通过对祖厉河这一黄河上游重要支流的多次实地考察和采样,结合区域水文地质条件,对祖厉河流域水体盐分的空间变化特征进行分析,并揭示流域水体的演化过程。结果表明,流域水体TDS普遍较高,总体以咸水为主。水中阳离子以Na~+为主,阴离子则以Cl-、SO_4~(2-)为主。水化学类型方面,源区地下水以Mg-Ca-Na-HCO_3型水为主,河水则以Na-Mg-Cl-SO_4型水为主。流域内水体盐分主要来源于阳离子交替吸附作用、上游地下水淋滤地层盐分后以泉的形式向河流排泄以及河流径流过程中侵蚀两岸高盐分土壤或含盐地层。径流过程中,当地干旱的气候环境使水体进一步蒸发浓缩,这是流域内水体TDS进一步增高的外在水化学演化过程。总之,由于多种来源的盐分,特别是源区高TDS地下水排泄、流域内强烈的土壤侵蚀以及干旱的气候条件等多重作用过程,是祖厉河TDS显著增高失去水资源功能的主要机制。  相似文献   

基于MALDI-TOF MS快速鉴定弧菌的数据库的扩展和应用     

武静  周月霞  刘晓斐  曹源  胡成进  陈英剑 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):140-146

近年来由海洋细菌导致的感染越来越常见,弧菌是海洋细菌中最常见的细菌之一。目前,对弧菌缺乏快速有效的鉴定。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪（Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS）已成为快速鉴别细菌强有力的工具。然而,它的准确性取决于数据库中的菌株数量。本研究中,我们利用MALDI-TOF MS对弧菌数据库进行了扩展和应用。我们将74株弧菌纳入了新的数据库,构建了基于RpoB序列的进化树（邻接法和最大似然比法）,并针对扩展后数据库和扩展前数据库进行了聚类分析。我们利用30株弧菌,对扩展后数据库进行了评价,并进行了主成分分析。本研究中,我们创建了一个新的数据库,促进了弧菌的快速准确鉴定。MSP(main spectrum profile)和PCA（Principal Component Analysis）分析为追踪弧菌感染的来源和发生率提供了理论支持。此外,特征峰和差异峰的发现对弧菌的鉴定也有帮助。  相似文献   

南海西部风驱离岸急流次中尺度锋面的动力学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄小龙  经志友  郑瑞玺  曹海锦 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(11):1-1

本文利用卫星观测资料和500 m分辨率数值模拟结果,结合理论分析,对南海西部夏季风场驱动的离岸急流海域次中尺度锋面及其不稳定对背景流场的动力学影响进行了研究。卫星观测和模拟结果表明,南海西部（WSCS）存在侧向尺度为O（1-10）km的次中尺度锋面,在地转和非地转运动的共同作用下,次中尺度密度锋面具有一阶Rossby（Ro）和Richardson（Ri）数。锋面诊断结果显示,沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫引起了显著的跨锋面Ekman净输送,有效地在跨锋面方向将表层冷水平流输送至暖水侧,导致海表浮力损失。减弱的垂向层结和增强的水平浮力梯度使得锋面海域出现负Ertel位涡（PV）,表明该密度锋面易受次中尺度对称不稳定（SI）的影响。次中尺度锋面不稳定引起的跨锋面次级环流能够显著增强垂向速度,其最大值可达100 m·d^-1。能量评估结果表明,次中尺度湍流的两个主要能量源,即地转剪切项（GSP）和垂向浮力通量（BFLUX）在锋面海域显著增强表明在沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫作用下,大尺度地转流的地转剪切动能和锋面有效位能能有效地通过锋面不稳定向次中尺度过程传递。因此,次中尺度锋面及其不稳定有助于增强局地垂向交换和正向串级地转能量,可以为夏季WSCS高叶绿素浓度的相干结构和锋面地转能量的正向传递提供新的动力解释。  相似文献   

山区农户双重风险感知对搬迁意愿和搬迁行为的影响     

陈勇  李青雪  曹杨  徐玉梅 《地理科学》2020,40(12):2085-2093

以受汶川“5.12”地震和“7.10”特大山洪泥石流灾害严重影响的汶川县原草坡乡为例,从农户风险感知现状出发,考察风险感知对搬迁意愿和搬迁行为的不同影响。研究结果表明：农户对自然灾害风险感知越强、对搬迁安置风险感知越弱,其搬迁意愿越强;较高的自然灾害风险感知会提高农户搬离灾害隐患点或风险区的概率,较强的搬迁安置风险感知会降低农户全家搬迁的可能性;搬迁安置风险感知对未搬迁和部分搬迁农户的影响程度超过自然灾害风险感知的影响。基于汶川县原草坡乡的实证研究,提出避灾搬迁安置决策中的“双重风险感知”假说。  相似文献   

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Cao Dinh Trieu  Pham Nam Hung 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(5):11-17

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Fine-grained Pleistocene deepwater turbidite channel system on the slope of Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuan Shengqiang  Wu Shiguo  Lüdmann Thomas  Yao Genshun  Lv Fuliang  Cao Feng  Wang Hairong  Li Li 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1441-1451

Recently, as oil exploitation has become focused on deepwater slope areas, more multi-channel high resolution 2D and 3D seismic data were acquired in the deepwater part of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea. Based on 3D seismic data and coherence time slice, RMS and 3D visualization, a series of deepwater channels were recognized on the slope that probably developed in the late Quaternary period. These channels trend SW–NE to W–E and show bifurcations, levees, meander loops and avulsions. High Amplitude Reflections (HARs), typical for channel–levee complexes, are of only minor importance and were observed in one of the channel systems. Most of the detected channels are characterized by low-amplitude reflections, and so are different from the typical coarse-grained turbidite channels that had been discovered worldwide. The absence of well data in the study area made it difficult to determine the age and lithology of these channels. Using a neighboring drill hole and published data about such depositional systems worldwide, the lithology of these channels is likely to be dominated by mudstones with interbedded thin sandstones. These channels are formed by turbidity currents originated from the little scale mountain river of mid-Vietnam in SW direction and were probably accompanied by a relative sea level drop in the last glacial age. These channels discovered on the northern South China Sea slope are likely to be fine-grained, mud-dominant and low N:G deposits in a deepwater paleogeographic setting.  相似文献   

The variations in optical properties of CDOM throughout an algal bloom event     

Jun Zhao  Wenxi Cao  Guifen Wang  Dingtian Yang  Yuezhong Yang  Zhaohua Sun  Wen Zhou  Shaojun Liang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

For studies in bio-optical oceanography, visible light properties by classes of dissolved organic matter should be characterized. The regional adjustment of model parameters is one approach which is being widely used to refine bio-optical models. In the present study, buoy and laboratory data were acquired, and during the 15-day observation period an algal bloom event occurred. The absorption coefficient of CDOM at 443 nm, a_g(443), changed in the range of 0.09–0.35 m⁻¹ and 0.1–0.34 m⁻¹ for two depths, 0.32 m and 2.3 m., respectively, throughout the entire period. CDOM absorption was larger for bloom conditions than for non-bloom conditions. In addition, the fraction of CDOM in total absorption was higher during the bloom event than that of non-bloom conditions. The spectral slope of CDOM absorption, S_g, regressed over 400–500 nm, ranged from 0.015 to 0.0185 nm⁻¹ with an average of 0.0166 nm⁻¹. CDOM fluorescence intensity (Fcdom) was obtained using an internal Raman standard and varied over the range of 467.44–1538.23 in relative units. Variations in Fcdom showed a similar pattern to that of CDOM absorption. A robust non-linear relationship between Fcdom and CDOM absorption was found, with a correlation coefficient of 0.893, throughout the whole observation. An attempt to describe S_g with absorption showed a promising consequence that can be described with a negative correlation during the bloom, however, without any distinguishable tendency for non-bloom time span. A two-band ratio algorithm was also carried out for retrieving CDOM absorption. The variations in optical properties of CDOM may be related to the complicated environment in the estuarine waters, which may result from different sources of CDOM.  相似文献   

减阻技术对海洋油气管线中多相流动与传热的影响     

刘磊  李操  吴东垠  周芳德 《海洋地质译丛》2009,(2):85-87

在海洋环境中多相流条件下应用减阻技术,可以在相同的管线压力下,有效提高油气输送量。减阻技术影响多相流的摩擦阻力、持液率和界面现象,可使多相流的的减阻率最高达到60%以上,可减少多相流体与管壁间的传热;某些情况下,减阻技术还能够改变多相流的流型、抑制剧烈弹状流,改善油气输送系统的运行工况。  相似文献   

基于小波变换的沿海滩涂LIDAR影像降噪研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢璧霞  史照良  曹敏 《现代测绘》2009,32(3):7-9

LIDAR 数据的精度受到多种因素影响,选择合适的模型优化LIDAR影像,分离LIDAR观测数据与噪声,可有效提高LIDAR数据精度.本文研究基于小波变换的LIDAR影像降噪模型,并将小渡降噪与各种常规方法进行对比分析,选择客观评价指标比较各方法的降噪效果,认为小波变换法更适合LIDAR影像降噪,能保留更多的有效信息.  相似文献