Magnetic survey of Lake Kinneret-central Jordan Valley,Israel     

Zvi Ben-Avraham  Yoram Shoham  Eitan Klein  Haim Michelson  Colette Serruya 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1980,4(3):257-276

A magnetic survey of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) was conducted on a 1 km grid of north-south and east-west lines. The results indicate that the margins of the lake are associated with large amplitude anomalies, while the centre is quite smooth. The largest anomaly, more than 500 nT, was detected in the vicinity of the entrance of the Jordan River into the lake. Its source is interpreted to be Late Cenozoic basaltic flows. The lake's margins are associated with faults, hot springs and magnetic anomalies. A broad magnetic anomaly trending east-northeast extends from Ginosar Valley into the lake through most of the lake's width. The distribution of basalt flows of different ages and the various structures of the magnetized layers are all contributing to the magnetic anomaly pattern.  相似文献   

Seismic reflection and refraction investigations of Lake Kinneret - central Jordan Valley, Israel     

Zvi Ben-Avraham  Avihu Ginzburg  Zvi Yuval 《Tectonophysics》1981,80(1-4):165-181

Seismic reflection and refraction studies in Lake Kinneret, which is located in the northern part of the Dead Sea Rift have been carried out. In the seismic reflection work several instruments including sparker, boomer and air guns were used. The acoustic penetration was limited, giving information on the uppermost sediments only. In the seismic refraction study the energy source was seismic explosives charges placed below the water table in shotholes located onshore at either end of two lines. The seismic signals were picked up by hydrophones and transmitted to the shore-based recording stations by special radio transmitters.

The seismic refraction profiles show different sedimentary structures at various parts of the lake. The layer underlying the top sedimentary sequence is of higher seismic velocity in the northern section than in the southern section. This suggests a difference in the stratigraphic section between the two parts. Unconformities and faults which account for the structures observed here probably exist under the lake.

The shallow reflection data indicate active tectonic processes in this area. Folds and faults have been observed in the uppermost sediments. The most deformed areas are along the margins but some deformation also occurs at the center of the lake in its deepest portion. The area is also seismically active.  相似文献   

Volcanic gaps due to oblique consumption of aseismic ridges   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Amos Nur  Zvi Ben-Avraham 《Tectonophysics》1983,99(2-4)

The present-day consumption of oceanic ridges and other buoyant rises and fragments at circum-Pacific subduction zones, and presumably elsewhere, are closely related to existing gaps in volcanism. Examples are the gaps associated with the Nazca, Juan Fernandez, Cocos, Marcus-Necker and Louisville ridges. The buoyancy of these ridges breaks the continuity of the subducted plate, which may lead to reduced water supply required for melting of magma, and therefore create temporary volcanic gaps. The oblique consumption of these ridges causes the gap to migrate with time. This mechanism may be useful in interpreting time-space patterns of past volcanic chains associated with subduction in terms of the consumption of the disruptive oceanic plateaus and ridges.  相似文献   

A case study of sub-basalt imaging in land region covered with basalt flows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Moshe Reshef  Haim Shulman  Zvi Ben-Avraham 《Geophysical Prospecting》2003,51(3):247-260

In this study, a set of 20 2D seismic lines, acquired over the Golan Heights basaltic plateau, was processed and analysed. Although the data were acquired and processed by standard techniques, in some cases good-quality seismic images were obtained under several hundred metres of basalts. We describe how the seismic characteristics of the top basalt layer were defined and show the effect of the numerous widespread volcanic sources on the quality of the final images. The new data reveal the first images of the sedimentary sequence under the basalt flows, and indicate that strands of the Dead Sea Transform extend into this area. The entire region was found to be very deformed. Several attractive traps for hydrocarbon exploration were also identified on the output sections.  相似文献   

Artur Khasenbekovich Kagarmanov (1934–2005)     

B. S. Sokolov  A. I. Zhamoida  M. A. Ivanov  L. I. Krasnyi  A. S. Alekseev  A. A. Belyaev  N. V. Goreva  T. N. Koren’  O. L. Kossovaya  G. V. Kotlyar  E. D. Mikhailova  Yu. P. Nenashev  I. A. Odesskii  E. L. Prozorovskaya  A. Yu. Rozanov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(6):696-697

  相似文献   

Crustal structure of the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean     

Zvi Ben-Avraham  Avihu Ginzburg  Jannis Makris  Lev Eppelbaum 《Tectonophysics》2002,346(1-2)

A seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection experiment was undertaken in the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Two roughly east–west profiles extend from the continental shelf of Israel toward the Levant Basin. The northern profile crosses the Eratosthenes Seamount and the southern profile crosses several distinct magnetic anomalies. The marine operation used 16 ocean bottom seismometers deployed along the profiles with an air gun array and explosive charges as energy sources. The results of this study strongly suggest the existence of oceanic crust under portions of the Levant Basin and continental crust under the Eratosthenes Seamount. The seismic refraction data also indicate a large sedimentary sequence, 10–14 km thick, in the Levant Basin and below the Levant continental margin. Assuming the crust is of Cretaceous age, this gives a fairly high sedimentation rate. The sequence can be divided into several units. A prominent unit is the 4.2 km/s layer, which is probably composed of the Messinian evaporites. Overlying the evaporitic layer are layers composed of Plio–Pleistocene sediments, whose velocity is 2.0 km/s. The refraction profiles and gravity and magnetic models indicate that a transition from a two layer continental to a single-layer oceanic crust takes place along the Levant margin. The transition in the structure along the southern profile is located beyond the continental margin and it is quite gradual. The northern profile, north of the Carmel structure, presents a different structure. The continental crust is much thinner there and the transition in the crustal structure is more rapid. The crustal thinning begins under western Galilee and terminates at the continental slope. The results of the present study indicate that the Levant Basin is composed of distinct crustal units and that the Levant continental margin is divided into at least two provinces of different crustal structure.  相似文献   

Slowness domain offset and traveltime approximations in layered vertical transversely isotropic media          下载免费PDF全文

Zvi Koren  Igor Ravve 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(6):1070-1096

Considering horizontally layered transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis and all types of pure‐mode and converted waves we present a new wide‐angle series approximation for the kinematical characteristics of reflected waves: horizontal offset, intercept time, and total reflection traveltime as functions of horizontal slowness. The method is based on combining (gluing) both zero‐offset and (large) finite‐offset series coefficients. The horizontal slowness is bounded by the critical value, characterised by nearly horizontal propagation within the layer with the highest horizontal velocity. The suggested approximation uses five parameters to approximate the offset, six parameters to approximate the intercept time or the traveltime, and seven parameters to approximate any two or all three kinematical characteristics. Overall, the method is very accurate for pure‐mode compressional waves and shear waves polarised in the horizontal plane and for converted waves. The application of the method to pure‐mode shear waves polarised in the vertical plane is limited due to cusps and triplications. To demonstrate the high accuracy of the method, we consider a synthetic, multi‐layer model, and we plot the normalised errors with respect to numerical ray tracing.  相似文献   

Slowness-domain kinematical characteristics for horizontally layered orthorhombic media. Part I: Critical slowness match     

Igor Ravve  Zvi Koren 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(5):1097-1133

Kinematical characteristics of reflected waves in anisotropic elastic media play an important role in the seismic imaging workflow. Considering compressional and converted waves, we derive new, azimuthally dependent, slowness-domain approximations for the kinematical characteristics of reflected waves (radial and transverse offsets, intercept time and traveltime) for layered orthorhombic media with varying azimuth of the vertical symmetry planes. The proposed method can be considered an extension of the well-known ‘generalized moveout approximation’ in the slowness domain, from azimuthally isotropic to azimuthally anisotropic models. For each slowness azimuth, the approximations hold for a wide angle range, combining power series coefficients in the vicinity of both the normal-incidence ray and an additional wide-angle ray. We consider two cases for the wide-angle ray: a ‘critical slowness match’ and a ‘pre-critical slowness match’ studied in Parts I and II of this work, respectively. For the critical slowness match, the approximations are valid within the entire slowness range, up to the critical slowness. For the ‘pre-critical slowness match’, the approximations are valid only within the bounded slowness range; however, the accuracy within the defined range is higher. The critical slowness match is particularly effective when the subsurface model includes a dominant high-velocity layer where, for nearly critical slowness values, the propagation in this layer is almost horizontal. Comparing the approximated kinematical characteristics with those computed by numerical ray tracing, we demonstrate high accuracy.  相似文献   

Traveltime approximation in vertical transversely isotropic layered media          下载免费PDF全文

Igor Ravve  Zvi Koren 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(6):1559-1581

The well‐known asymptotic fractional four‐parameter traveltime approximation and the five‐parameter generalised traveltime approximation in stratified multi‐layer transversely isotropic elastic media with a vertical axis of symmetry have been widely used for pure‐mode and converted waves. The first three parameters of these traveltime expansions are zero‐offset traveltime, normal moveout velocity, and quartic coefficient, ensuring high accuracy of traveltimes at short offsets. The additional parameter within the four‐parameter approximation is an effective horizontal velocity accounting for large offsets, which is important to avoid traveltime divergence at large offsets. The two additional parameters in the above‐mentioned five‐parameter approximation ensure higher accuracy up to a given large finite offset with an exact match at this offset. In this paper, we propose two alternative five‐parameter traveltime approximations, which can be considered extensions of the four‐parameter approximation and an alternative to the five‐parameter approximation previously mentioned. The first three short‐offset parameters are the same as before, but the two additional long‐offset parameters are different and have specific physical meaning. One of them describes the propagation in the high‐velocity layer of the overburden (nearly horizontal propagation in the case of very large offsets), and the other characterises the intercept time corresponding to the critical slowness that includes contributions of the lower velocity layers only. Unlike the above‐mentioned approximations, both of the proposed traveltime approximations converge to the theoretical (asymptotic) linear traveltime at the limit case of very large (“infinite”) offsets. Their accuracy for moderate to very large offsets, for quasi‐compressional waves, converted waves, and shear waves polarised in the horizontal plane, is extremely high in cases where the overburden model contains at least one layer with a dominant higher velocity compared with the other layers. We consider the implementation of the proposed traveltime approximations in all classes of problems in which the above‐mentioned approximations are used, such as reflection and diffraction analysis and imaging.  相似文献   

Moveout approximation for horizontal transversely isotropic and vertical transversely isotropic layered medium. Part II: effective model‡     

Zvi Koren  Igor Ravve  Ronit Levy 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(4):599-617

We use residual moveouts measured along continuous full azimuth reflection angle gathers, in order to obtain effective horizontal transversely isotropic model parameters. The angle gathers are generated through a special angle domain imaging system, for a wide range of reflection angles and full range of phase velocity azimuths. The estimation of the effective model parameters is performed in two stages. First, the background horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI)/vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) layered model is used, along with the values of reflection angles, for converting the measured residual moveouts (or traveltime errors) into azimuthally dependent normal moveout (NMO) velocities. Then we apply a digital Fourier transform to convert the NMO velocities into azimuthal wavenumber domain, in order to obtain the effective HTI model parameters: vertical time, vertical compression velocity, Thomsen parameter delta and the azimuth of the medium axis of symmetry. The method also provides a reliability criterion of the HTI assumption. The criterion shows whether the medium possesses the HTI type of symmetry, or whether the azimuthal dependence of the residual traveltime indicates to a more complex azimuthal anisotropy. The effective model used in this approach is defined for a 1D structure with a set of HTI, VTI and isotropic layers (with at least one HTI layer). We describe and analyse the reduction of a multi‐layer structure into an equivalent effective HTI model. The equivalent model yields the same NMO velocity and the same offset azimuth on the Earth's surface as the original layered structure, for any azimuth of the phase velocity. The effective model approximates the kinematics of an HTI/VTI layered structure using only a few parameters. Under the hyperbolic approximation, the proposed effective model is exact.  相似文献