Upper Palaeozoic subduction/accretion processes in the closure of Palaeotethys: Evidence from the Chios Melange (E Greece), the Karaburun Melange (W Turkey) and the Teke Dere Unit (SW Turkey)     

Alastair H.F. Robertson  Timur Ustamer 《Sedimentary Geology》2009,220(1-2):29-59

During Late Palaeozoic time a wide ocean, known as Palaeotethys, separated the future Eurasian and African continents. This ocean closed in Europe in the west during the Variscan orogeny, whereas in Asia further east it remained open and evolved into the Mesozoic Tethys, only finally closing during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic.Three Upper Palaeozoic lithological assemblages, the Chios Melange (on the Aegean Greek island), the Karaburun Melange (westernmost Aegean Turkey) and the Teke Dere Unit (Lycian Nappes, SW Turkey) provide critical information concerning sedimentary and tectonic processes during closure of Palaeotethys. The Chios and Karaburun melanges in the west are mainly terrigenous turbidites with blocks and dismembered sheets of Silurian–Upper Carboniferous platform carbonate rocks (shallow-water and slope facies) and poorly dated volcanic rocks. The Teke Dere Unit to the southeast begins with alkaline, within-plate-type volcanics, depositionally overlain by Upper Carboniferous shallow-water carbonates. This intact succession is overlain by a tectonic slice complex comprising sandstone turbidites that are intersliced with shallow-water, slope and deep-sea sediments (locally dated as Early Carboniferous). Sandstone petrography and published detrital mineral dating imply derivation from units affected by the Panafrican (Cadomian) and Variscan orogenies.All three units are interpreted as parts of subduction complexes in which pervasive shear zones separate component parts. Silurian–Lower Carboniferous black cherts (lydites) and slope carbonates accreted in a subduction trench where sandstone turbidites accumulated. Some blocks retain primary depositional contacts, showing that gravitational processes contributed to formation of the melange. Detached blocks of Upper Palaeozoic shallow-water carbonates (e.g. Chios) are commonly mantled by conglomerates, which include water-worn clasts of black chert. The carbonate blocks are restored as one, or several, carbonate platforms that collided with an active margin, fragmenting into elongate blocks that slid into a subduction trench. This material was tectonically accreted at shallow levels within a subduction complex, resulting in layer-parallel extension, shearing and slicing. The accretion mainly took place during Late Carboniferous time.Alternative sedimentary-tectonic models are considered in which the timing and extent of closure of Palaeotethys differ, and in which subduction was either northwards towards Eurasia, or southwards towards Gondwana (or both). Terrane displacement is also an option. A similar (but metamorphosed) accretionary unit, the Konya Complex, occurs hundreds of kilometres further east. All of these units appear to have been assembled along the northern margin of Gondwana by Permian time, followed by deposition of overlying Tauride-type carbonate platforms. Northward subduction of Palaeotethys beneath Eurasia is commonly proposed. However, the accretionary units studied here are more easily explained by southward subduction towards Gondwana. Palaeotethys was possibly consumed by long-lived (Late Palaeozoic) northward subduction beneath Eurasia, coupled with more short-lived (Late Carboniferous) southward subduction near Gondwana, during or soon after closure of Palaeotethys in the Balkan region to the west.  相似文献   

Lutetian arc-type magmatism along the southern Eurasian margin: New U-Pb LA-ICPMS and whole-rock geochemical data from Marmara Island, NW Turkey     

P. Ayda Ustaömer  Timur Ustaömer  Alan S. Collins  Jörg Reischpeitsch 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,96(3-4):177-196

The rocks of Turkey, Greece and Syria preserve evidence for the destruction of Tethys, the construction of much of the continental crust of the region and the formation of the Tauride orogenic belt. These events occurred between the Late Cretaceous and Miocene, but the detailed evolution of the southern Eurasian margin during this period of progressive continental accretion is largely unknown. Marmara Island is a basement high lying at a key location in the Cenozoic Turkish tectonic collage, with a Palaeogene suture zone to the south and a deep Eocene sedimentary basin to the north. North-dipping metamorphic thrust sheets make up the island and are interlayered with a major metagranitoid intrusion. We have dated the intrusion by Laser Ablation ICP-MS analysis of U and Pb isotopes on zircon separates to 47.6?±?2 Ma. We also performed major- and trace-elemental geochemical analysis of 16 samples of the intrusion that revealed that the intrusion is a calc-alkaline, metaluminous granitoid, marked by Nb depletion relative to LREE and LIL-element enrichment when compared to ocean ridge granite (ORG). We interpret the metagranitoid sill as a member of a mid-Eocene magmatic arc, forming a 30 km wide and more than 200 km long arcuate belt in NW Turkey that post-dates suturing along the ?zmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture zone. The arc magmatism was emplaced at the early stages of mountain building, related to collision of Eurasia with the Menderes-Taurus Platform in early Eocene times. Orogenesis and magmatism loaded the crust to the north creating coeval upward-deepening marine basins partially filled by volcanoclastic sediments.  相似文献   

Mixing properties of a shallow basin due to wind-induced chaotic flow     

Margit Pattantyús-Ábrahám  Tamás Tél  Tamás Krámer  János Józsa 《Advances in water resources》2008

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Period variation and the new light curves of V471 Tauri     

Z. Tunca  O. Tümer  M. Kurutaç  C. Ibanoğlu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,64(2):421-425

The light curve and period variation of the eclipsing system V471 Tau is discussed. The migration period of 191 days obtained recently by Ibanolu agrees well with the new observations. The period decreases by about one second per century, which may correspond to a mass transfer of 1×10^–7 solar mass. Furthermore, the O–C diagram shows a noticeable sine curve super-imposed on the parabolic variation. The period of the sine curve is about 3.1 years.  相似文献   

Effects of T-shape groin parameters on beach accretion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

&#x;smail Hakk&#x; zler  Murat &#x;hsan Kmürcü  Ali Remzi Birben   mer Yüksek  Servet Karasu 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(3-4):382-403

The effects of various groin parameters (length, head length and opening) and wave parameters (wave height, wave period and wave angle) on the accretion of the area protected by T-shape groins are studied in a physical model. The model studies are performed using regular waves in a basin. A numerical model which depends primarily on a CERC model is employed to examine the effects of some of the above parameters. Good agreement is found in the results of physical and numerical models. The results of a numerical model are compared with field data obtained by deep sounding measurements at Of coasts, Trabzon Province, Turkey. The finding from this study may be employed in designing T-shape groins.  相似文献   

Determination of bar parameters caused by cross-shore sediment movement     

Murat &#x;hsan Kmürcü  &#x;smail Hakki zler   mer Yüksek  Servet Karasu 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(5-6):685-695

Waves, topographic features and material properties are known as the most important factors affecting the sediment movement and coastal profiles. In this study, considering wave height (H=6.5, 17, 16, 20, 23, 26 and 30 cm) and period (T=1.46 and 2.03 s), bed slope (m=1/10, 1/15 and 1/25) and sediment diameter (d₅₀=0.18, 0.26, 0.33 and 0.40 mm), cross-shore sediment movement was investigated using a physical model and various offshore bar geometric parameters were determined by the resultant erosion profile. The offshore bar geometric characteristics are the distance between the bar crest and the shoreline, the depth from bar crest to the still-water level, the distance between the equilibrium point and the shoreline, the distance between the closure point and the shoreline, and the bar volume. Dimensional and non-dimensional equations were obtained by using non-linear regression methods through the experimental data and compared with those of previously developed equations. The results have indicated that the proposed equations fit to experimental data better than previously developed equations.  相似文献   

Polarization measurements with an imaging gamma-ray telescope     

A. Akyüz  D. Bhattacharya  D. D. Dixon  T. J. O'Neill  O. T. Tümer  R. S. White  A. D. Zych 《Experimental Astronomy》1995,6(3):275-284

The proposed Tracking and Imaging Gamma-Ray Experiment (TIGRE), operating in the 0.3–100 MeV energy interval, will be an efficient polarimeter with a modulation factor of 50% at 0.5 MeV. The polarization detection parameters of TIGRE were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation modified to include the polarization dependence of the Klein-Nishina formula. Using Compton scattering of low energy photons and approximately 3 acceptance angle after scattering, TIGRE will be able to measure strong sources with 20% fractional polarization at 3 significance in a typical balloon-borne exposure and 5% during a 4-week satellite observation.  相似文献   

Kinematic analysis and palaeoseismology of the Edremit Fault Zone: evidence for past earthquakes in the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone,Biga Peninsula,NW Turkey     

Hasan Sözbilir  Ökmen Sümer  Çağlar Özkaymak  Bora Uzel  Tayfun Güler  Semih Eski 《Geodinamica Acta》2016,28(4):273-294

The Edremit Fault Zone (EFZ) forms one of the southern segments of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) at the northern margin of the Edremit Gulf (Biga Peninsula, South Marmara Region, Turkey). Stratigraphic, structural and kinematic results indicate that basinward younging of the fault zone, in terms of a rolling-hinge mechanism, has resulted in at least three discrete Miocene to Holocene deformational phases: the oldest one (Phase 1) directly related to the inactive Kazda? Detachment Fault, which was formed under N–S trending pure extension; Phase 2 is characterised by a strike-slip stress condition, probably related to the progression of the NAFZ towards the Edremit area in the Plio–Quaternary; and Phase 3 is represented by the high-angle normal faulting, which is directly interrelated with the last movement of the EFZ. Our palaeoseismic studies on the EFZ revealed the occurrence of three past surface rupture events; the first one occurred before 13178 BC, a penultimate event that may correspond to either the 160 AD or 253 AD historical earthquakes, and the youngest one can be associated with the 6 October 1944 earthquake (M_w = 6.8). These palaeoseismic data indicate that there is no systematic earthquake recurrence period on the EFZ.  相似文献   

Reactions of the feldspar surface with metal ions: Sorption of Pb(II), U(VI) and Np(V), and surface analytical studies of reaction with Pb(II) and U(VI)     

Emmanuelle S. Chardon  Dirk Bosbach  Ian C. Lyon  Jürgen Römer  David J. Vaughan  Roy A. Wogelius 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(2):288-297

Feldspar minerals are thermodynamically unstable in the near-surface environment and their surfaces are well known to react readily with aqueous solutions, leading to incongruent dissolution at low pH values, but congruent dissolution at neutral and high pH values. Interactions with mineral surfaces are an important control on the environmental transport of trace elements and detrital feldspars are abundant in soils and sediments. However, the interactions of metal ions in solution with the reacting feldspar surface have not been widely explored. The interactions of Pb(II), U(VI) and Np(V) ions with the feldspar surface have therefore been studied. Lead is taken up by the microcline surface at pH 6 and 10, but no uptake could be measured at pH 2. There was measurable uptake of Pb(II) on the plagioclase surface at pH 2, 6 and 10. Uptake always increased with pH. In most conditions, Pb(II) reacts through cation exchange process although, at high pH, a discrete phase, probably hydrocerrusite, is observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to precipitate on the plagioclase surface. Supersaturation with hydrocerrusite in these conditions is expected from thermodynamic calculations. Uptake of uranyl ion , generally through surface complex formation, could only be measured at pH 6 and 10. At pH 6 and an initial U(VI) concentration above 21.0 μM, precipitation of becquerelite (Ca[(UO₂)₃O₂(OH)₃]₂·8H₂O), identified by AFM and characterised by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is observed on plagioclase. The U(VI) concentration range in which becquerelite precipitation begins (dissolved U(VI) 1-5 μM) is consistent with that predicted from thermodynamic modelling. On plagioclase feldspar, secondary ion mass spectrometry showed diffusion of uranium into the altered surface layer. Uptake of the neptunyl ion (Np(V)) was found at pH 6 and 10 for microcline and at pH 2, 6 and 10 for plagioclase, and was generally lower than uptake of U(VI). By combining batch sorption experiments with imaging and surface analysis, and thermodynamic modelling, it has been possible to gain a mechanistic insight into the reactions of the feldspar surface with metal ions in solution.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of metamorphic sole rocks beneath the Beyşehir–Hoyran ophiolite (SW-Turkey)     

mer Elitok  Kirsten Drüppel 《Lithos》2008,100(1-4):322-353

The Beyşehir–Hoyran ophiolite is situated in the western part of the Tauride belt (SW Turkey) and crops out at two localities north of the lake Beyşehir. It mainly comprises harzburgitic peridotites that were tectonically emplaced to their present position during the Late Eocene. The ophiolites themselves are tectonically overlain by either slope basin deposits with lava blocks (Eğirler formation) or massive Triassic limestone blocks (Deliktaş formation). High-grade sub-ophiolitic metamorphic rocks, i.e. epidote amphibolite, amphibolite, and pyroxene amphibolite, together with minor quartzite and calcschist, are observed at the base of the ophiolite sequence, where they occur as thin tectonic slices with an inverted metamorphic gradient. Average P–T conditions of 630–770 °C and c. 6 ± 1.5 kbar are calculated for the metamorphism of the amphibolites by conventional geothermobarometry, corresponding to a burial depth of 18–20 km. Both the sub-ophiolitic metamorphic rocks and the overlying mantle tectonites were intruded by isolated tholeiitic (Nb/Y = 0.041–0.108) diabase dikes, which do not transect the tectonic contact between the two units. Geochemical investigations of the amphibolites of the sub-ophiolitic rock suite show two different geochemical affinities, with the first group being alkaline in character (Nb/Y = 1–3.86) and the second one being tholeiitic (Nb/Y = 0.064–0.13). REE patterns, trace element plots and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams indicate that the most probable protoliths for alkaline amphibolites are within-plate type alkali basalts, whereas those of the tholeiitic group resemble tholeiitic island arc basalts. Similarities between the geochemical characteristics of the amphibolites and those of the volcanic rocks of the Eğirler formation strongly suggest that the latter are the protoliths of the amphibolites.  相似文献