Looking North and South: Ideals and realities of inclusive environmental governance     

Ana Delgado  Roger Strand 《Geoforum》2010,41(1):144-153

This paper addresses the dynamics of real processes of inclusive environmental governance by looking at the decision-maker/expert/lay person interplay. Specifically, we present a comparative ethnographic study that leads to a critical examination of Marteen Hajer’s concept of technological citizenship and its role in normative models of so-called inclusive environmental governance. First, we present the Bionatur project of MST (Movimento Sem Terra/Landless People’s Movement), the largest rural movement in Latin America. The project explicitly attempts to include lay/traditional knowledge into the processes of defining and protecting a regulatory space for “Creole seeds”. Second, we describe the formally open and inclusive environmental management of polluted sediments during harbour dredging in Norway. In both cases the actors are confronted with difficult problems bound by contradictory constraints of the institutional and cultural contexts. In complex relationships, trust, dependency, responsibility and opposition, encompass the decision-maker/expert/lay interplay. Embedded in these contexts, it is not always clear that non-experts want full autonomy and responsibility. In complex relationships, trust, dependency, responsibility and opposition, encompass the decision-maker/expert/lay person interplay. The results suggest that ideals, if instantiated, are reshaped within concrete contexts of action. Participatory ideals such as “technological citizenship”, inclusiveness, transparency and accountability need not be relativised, but they would better be expressed as regulative norms for practice rather than ideals from which an acontextual model or structure may be deduced.  相似文献   

The HYPER-MUCHFUSS project—target selection and analysis     

A. Tillich  S. Geier  U. Heber  H. Hirsch  P. F. L. Maxted  T. Marsh  B. Gänsicke  R. Napiwotzki  R. Østensen  R.-D. Scholz 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,329(1-2):63-68

The HYPER-MUCHFUSS project targets a population of high velocity subluminous B stars to discover either close binaries with massive unseen companions or hyper-velocity stars. Our starting point is the enormous database of SDSS. We preselected sdO/B candidates by colour and classified them by visual inspection of their spectra. We measured the radial velocity from the coadded SDSS spectra, which serves as first epoch measurement. Stars with high Galactic rest-frame velocities were selected and second epoch observations were obtained starting in 2007 at several sites. For the brighter targets we also included the SDSS individual spectra as additional information. In the course of our survey we observed 88 out of 265 stars from our target list. We discovered 39 HVS candidates as well as 49 close binaries. In addition we analysed all single spectra of sdBs from SDSS and found 120 close binaries. For the targets with constant RVs we performed a proper motion analysis with the highest possible accuracy from the available digitised photographic plates. Together with the analysed spectra and the calculation of the spectroscopic distance, we calculated complete trajectories and deduced the origins of these stars. Targets with high RV variability on short timescales were selected for follow-up. Numerical simulations based on the period and companion mass distribution of the known sdB binary sample were carried out to optimise the target selection and single out candidate binaries with massive companions. The follow-up campaign using WHT/ISIS and CAHA-3.5m/TWIN started in 2009.  相似文献   

The HYPER-MUCHFUSS project—the constant high-velocity population     

A. Tillich  S. Geier  U. Heber  H. Hirsch  P. F. L. Maxted  T. Marsh  B. Gänsicke  R. Napiwotzki  R. Østensen  R.-D. Scholz 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,329(1-2):69-76

The HYPER-MUCHFUSS (HYPER-velocity stars or Massive Unseen Companions of Hot Faint Underluminous Stars from SDSS) project targets a population of high-velocity subluminous B stars to discover either close binaries with massive unseen companions or hyper-velocity stars. We re-observed high-velocity subdwarf selected candidates from the SDSS spectroscopic Data Release 6. Starting in 2007 we used several instruments and have now reached a completion level of 33% (from 265 targets), whereas we found at least 16 close binaries. Here we present results for two of our 39 hyper-velocity star candidates. From the available Digitized Sky Surveys photographic plates we measured a significant proper motion for 14 stars. Combining this information with a detailed spectroscopic analysis allows for the first time a complete determination of the 3D-trajectories for a high-velocity sample. We present our preliminary results for the two subdwarfs J1644+4523 and J1211+1437. Assuming the Standard Allen and Santillan (Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. 22:255, 1991) potential the first one is bound and originates in the central region of the Galaxy. The subdwarf B star J1211+1437 is possibly unbound and seems to originate in the Galactic rim. We also performed numerical kinematical experiments with increased dark matter halo mass. and found that the origin of J1644+4523 in the central region is not changed but the time-of-flight is drastically shortened. J1211+1437 would be bound and probably belongs to population II.  相似文献   

Synthetic pulsational line profile variations     

R. Oreiro  J. H. Telting  R. H. Østensen  M. Briquet  C. Aerts  U. Heber  M. Vučković 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,329(1-2):211-216

We have produced simulated time series of high resolution spectroscopy for sdBs. We present the first results of testing classical mode identification techniques. Here, in particular, we analyse the behaviour of individual spectral lines and discuss the results and applicability of the moment method.  相似文献   

Time-resolved spectroscopy of the sdBV V338 Serpentis     

R. H. Østensen  J. H. Telting  R. Oreiro  U. Heber  E. De Beck  M. Reed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,329(1-2):167-174

We obtained 1955 high-resolution spectra of the high-amplitude pulsating subdwarf B star V338 Ser with the FIES spectrograph at the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope covering 4 full nights in May–June 2009. Here we present the first results from phase-folding the data on the main pulsation mode, as revealed by simultaneous B-band photometry obtained with the Mercator 1.25 m and Baker 0.4 m telescopes. We compare the results with a sample line-profile model produced with LTE atmospheres and bruce+kylie.  相似文献   

Radon in Quaternary Aquifers Related to Underlying Bedrock Geology   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Morland  T. Strand  L. Furuhaug  H. Skarphagen  D. Banks 《Ground water》1998,36(1):143-146

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Light scattering constants for a water cloud     

Wilford G. Zdunkowski  Roger Francis Strand 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1969,74(1):110-133

Summary The study of radiative transfer in clouds and fog requires a knowledge of basic radiation constants. For this purpose the volume extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients, the maximum absorption coefficients for composite spectral lines, and the coefficients used to expand the phase function into a series of Legendre polynomials for analytic representation of the phase function are provided in tabular and graphical format. The analysis for cloud droplets is based upon the rigorous electromagnetic theory. All Mie computations are carried out in an exact manner avoiding any approximations. Absorption line constants as computed here are based upon the investigations ofElsasser withCulbertson [5]³) andWyatt, Stull, andPlass [18]. Tabulations are made on the basis of fifty spectral intervals covering the entire solar and infrared spectra. Polarization effects are disregarded in this study.  相似文献   

Diagenesis in Mesozoic sandstones from Spitsbergen and the North Sea — A comparison     

Prof. Dr. K. BjØrlykke  Bergen A. ElvekhØI  A. O. Malm 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(3):1152-1171

Mesozoic and Tertiary sandstones on Spitsbergen are generally tight and well cemented while Mesozoic and Tertiary sandstones from the North Sea include highly porous reservoir rocks.It is concluded that one of the most important controlling mechanisms for preservation of porosity is the build up of high pore pressures which effectively reduce pressure solution at grain contacts and the incidence of quartz overgrowth.High pore pressures are most commonly developed in onlapping sedimentary sequences with an effective shale seal like in the North Sea.Extensive diagenetic growth of kaolinite at the expence of clastic feldspar, which is commonly observed, requires a large flux of low salinity water. The most probable mechanism is fresh ground water drive through sandstones which have served as aquifers. During the late stages of burial (1–3 kms) the diagenetic reactions must have taken place within an isochemical semi-closed system. Calculations show that porewater expelled from compacting shales is insufficient to cause significant changes in the bulk chemistry of thick sandstones. Microprobe analyses carried out on Jurassic sandstones from the Statfjord field show that there are a continuous series of transitions from clastic mica to illite and kaolinite as indicated by a gradual loss of potassium. Evidence is presented to show that silica cementation is retarded in the presence of clastic mica while carbonate and feldspar cementation is favoured in this local high pH environment between sheets of mica. Electron probe analyses show that diagenetic feldspar overgrowths are pure potassium feldspar with a composition significantly different from that of clastic feldspar. During late diagenesis the porewater was most probably near equilibrium with the reactive phases.

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Zusammenfassung Die mesozoischen und tertiären Sandsteine von Spitzbergen sind im allgemeinen gut zementiert, während die gleichalten Sandsteine aus der Nordsee hochporöse Speichergesteine umfassen.Man erkennt, daß die Erhaltung der Porosität auf einen hohen Porenwasserdruck zurückzuführen ist. Dadurch wird Drucklösung an Kornkontakten sowie Weiterwachsen von Quarz verhindert.Hoher Porendruck entsteht gewöhnlich da, wo überlappende Sedimentserien mit einer Abdichtung durch Schiefer vorliegen—wie in der Nordsee.Ausgedehntes diagenetisches Wachstum von Kaolinit auf Kosten klastischer Feldspäte erfordert einen hohen Durchfluß von niedrigsalinem Wasser. Der wahrscheinlichste Mechanismus ist in einem Grundwasserstrom zu suchen, der durch die Sandsteine fließt, die als Wasserleiter dienen. Während der späten Stadien der Absenkung (1–3 km) müssen diese diagenetischen Reaktionen in einem halbgeschlossenem isochemischen System abgelaufen sein. Berechnungen aus Porenwasser, das von Schiefern gewonnen wurde, zeigen, daß dieses nicht ausreicht, bedeutende änderungen in der Gesamtchemie mächtiger Sandsteine zu bewirken.Mikrosondenanalysen, die an jurassischen Sandsteinen aus dem Statfjord-Feld vorgenommen wurden, zeigen, daß hier eine kontinuierliche Serie von übergängen aus klastischem Glimmer nach Illit und Kaolinit vorliegt. Eine stufenweise Abnahme von Kalium deutet dies an. Quarz-Zementation tritt zurück bei Anwesenheit von klastischem Glimmer, während Karbonat- und Feldspat-Zementation unter den Bedingungen eines hohen pH-Wertes zwischen den Glimmer-Blättern bevorzugt erscheint. Mikrosondenanalysen zeigen, daß der diagenetisch aufgewachsene Feldspat ein reiner Kali-Feldspat ist, der sich beträchtlich von den klastischen Feldspäten unterscheidet. Während der späten Diagenese stand das Porenwasser nahezu im Gleichgewicht mit den reagierenden Phasen.

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Résumé Les grès mésozoÏques et tertiaires du Spitzberg sont en général bien cimentés, tandis que les grès de mÊme âge de la Mer du Nord comprennent des roches-réservoirs très poreuses. On en conclut que l'un des plus importants mécanismes régissant le maintien de la porosité est la mise en jeu de fortes pressions dans les pores de la roche, ce qui effectievement réduit la dissolution par la voie de la pression s'exerÇant au contact des grains et l'intervention de la croissance des grains de quartz.De fortes pressions dans les pores sont le plus couramment développées dans les séquences sédimentaires isolées par un recouvrement argileux, comme dans la Mer du Nord.La croissance diagénétique à grande échélle de la kaolinite aux dépens du feldspath détritique, communément observée, requiert une grande circulation d'eau à faible salinité. Le mécanisme le plus probable est celui de la circulation d'eau douce dans des grès aquifères. Durant les derniers stades de l'enfouissement (1–3 km) les réactions diagénétiques se sont produites dans un système isochimique à moitié fermé. Des calculs montrent que l'eau poreuse chassée des argilites à la suite de leur compaction est insuffisante pour causer des changements de quelqu'importance dans la composition chimique des grès en masses épaisses. Des analyses à la microsonde sur des grès jurassiques de la région du Statfjord montrent qu'il existe une gamme continue de transitions depuis le mica détritique jusqu'à l'illite et la kaolinite, ainsi qu'il ressort de la perte graduelle du potassium. La preuve est donnée que la cimentation par la silice est retardée par la présence de mica détritique, tandis que la cimentation par le carbonate et par le feldspath est favorisée dans ce milieu restreint à pH élevé entre lamelles de mica. Des analyses électroniques montrent que les accroissements diagénétiques de feldspath sont faits de feldspath potassique pur d'une composition notablement différente de celle del feldspath détritique. A la fin de la diagénèse l'eau intersticielle était très probablement proche de l'équilibre avec les phases réagissantes.

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The Lyngen Gabbro: the lower crust of an Ordovician Incipient Arc     

Astri?J.?S.?KvassnesEmail author  Anita?Hetland?Strand  Heidi?Moen-Eikeland  Rolf?Birger?Pedersen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,148(3):358-379

We present evidence for the origin of the Lyngen Gabbro of the Ordovician Lyngen Magmatic Complex in Troms, Northern Norway. The two magmatic suites of the Lyngen Gabbro strike parallel NNE-SSW, and have distinct magmatic signatures. We define these signatures by using major and trace-element analyses together with selected major- and trace-element mineral analyses and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd-isotope whole-rock analyses of gabbroic to tonalitic plutonic rocks from seven detailed cross-sections from this large gabbro-complex. The Western suite of the Lyngen Gabbro precipitated from magma that may have been derived from the same system as the associated volcanic rocks. The gabbros have high An-content (An_>90) of their plagioclases relative to co-existing mafic minerals. Together with somewhat high _Nd(t) values (+6), this implies that the parental magmas were hydrous tholeiites similar to those found in back arc basins today. The Eastern suite, on the other hand, consist of cumulates that were precipitated from melts resembling those of ultra-depleted high-Ca boninitic magmas found in fore-arcs. Extremely high-An plagioclases (An_>95) co-exist with evolved mafic minerals and oxides, and the _Nd(t) values are lower (+4) than in the Western suite. The Eastern suite has no volcanic counterpart, but dikes intersecting the suites have compositions that possibly represent its parental magma. The oceanic Rypdalen Shear Zone generally separates the two suites in the north, but several non-tectonic transitions from boninitic to tholeiitic signatures southwards advocate that the magmatism happened concurrently. The magmatic proximity between the suites, the hydrous magmatism and the absence of a silicic or calc-alkaline mature arc section, suggests that the Lyngen Gabbro formed in the Iapetus Ocean under conditions presently found in incipient arcs later emplaced as outer arc highs.  相似文献   

Implicit Treatment of Compositional Flow     

I. Garrido  E. Øian  M. Chaib  G.E. Fladmark  M.S. Espedal 《Computational Geosciences》2004,8(1):1-19

In basin modeling the thermodynamics of a multicomponent multiphase fluid flux are computationally too expensive when derived from a cubic equation of state and the Gibbs equality constraints. In this article we present an alternative implicit molar mass formulation technique using binary mixture thermodynamics. The two proposed solution methods are based on a hybrid smoother, Gauss–Seidel–Galerkin at each time-step with analytical computation of the derivatives. The new algorithm overcomes the difficulty of choosing an optimal relaxation parameter and reduce significantly the numerical effort for the computation of the molar masses. Numerical results are presented which show significant improvements with respect to previous methods.  相似文献