观测卫星不足时的GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波     

田源  隋立芬  刘长建  王凌轩  陈泉余  田翌君 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,34(2)

常规GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波只适用于卫星数≥4的情况,且预测残差构造自适应因子要求观测值可靠。针对该局限性,对常规抗差自适应滤波算法做出两点改进:1)采用两步滤波,用第1步常规EKF滤波残差构造第二步抗差算法的粗差判别量;2)在第2步滤波用预测残差构造自适应因子时,剔除异常观测值对应的预测残差和预测残差协方差,以削弱观测异常对自适应因子的不良影响。实验结果表明,常规抗差算法在卫星数4时不适用。常规自适应滤波算法在观测值存在异常的情况下无法正确修正模型异常。改进后的抗差自适应滤波算法在组合系统观测卫星数4且观测值存在异常的情况下,仍能正确修正观测粗差和动力学模型异常,能够达到良好的导航精度。  相似文献   

基于SVG的地质灾害在线应急态势符号设计与实现     

朱文娟  路文娟  余新平  武鹏达 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(12):73-76

针对地质灾害的应急响应及处理技术系统成为近几年地质灾害领域研究的热点和重点,然而在已有的研究中,应急决策系统多为桌面应用程序,难以满足应急部署的实时性和灵活性,同时现有的地质灾害应急技术中对地质灾害应急态势标绘技术的研究较少,而应急部署又十分需要态势符号的支撑。为此,本文在分析多种在线符号绘制语言特点的基础上,提出了一种基于SVG的地质灾害在线应急态势标绘方法,对地质灾害应急需要使用的态势标绘符号进行了算法设计与系统实现。现场应用案例表明:该方法可以实现地质灾害应急态势符号的在线交互式标绘,为决策者快速、实时部署应急方案提供有效支撑。  相似文献   

“一带一路”沿线区域耕地格局变化（英文）     

陈迪  余强毅  胡琼  项铭涛  周清波  吴文斌 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(11)

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia,Africa and Europe.In this study,we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries(64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration.We apply FAO statistics and Globe Land30(the world's finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution),and develop three indicator groups(namely quantity,conversion,and utilization degree) for the analysis.The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10~4 km~2 between 2000 and 2010.The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia,while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China.Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area,followed by Hungary(0.66×10~4 km~2) and India(0.57×10~4 km`2).China decreased 1.95×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area,followed by Bangladesh(–0.22×10~4 km~2) and Thailand(–0.22×10~4 km~2).Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest,grassland,artificial surfaces and bare land,and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics:while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces,considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia.The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe,while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries.Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic-focused studies,as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses.Nevertheless,the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China' "Go Out policy" would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.  相似文献   

黄淮海平原耕地集约利用时空差异及其影响因素研究（英文）     

石淑芹  韩玉  余文涛  曹玉青  蔡为民  杨鹏  吴文斌  余强毅 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(11)

This study developed a comprehensive system to evaluate the intensity of cropland use and evolution of cropland use in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Delphi-entropy methods were adopted to determine the weight of the index,and the Geo Detector model was established to explore the influencing factors.The results are summarized as follows:(1) The intensity of inputs,degree of utilization,and production increased continuously,but the intensity of continuous conditions experienced an overall decline followed by a rebound towards the end of the study period.The number of counties with high and moderately high intensity increased by 56.8% and 14.6%,respectively,from 1996 to 2011.The number of counties with moderately low and low intensity declined by 35.9 % and 11.9 %,respectively.Areas with significant increases in intensity were mainly distributed in northeast Hebei Province,northwest Shandong Province,and north Jiangsu Province.The intensity is high in northern Jiangsu and Anhui;the output effect remained above moderate intensity mainly near Beijing,Tianjin,Tangshan,and counties in the suburbs of Shijiazhuang.(2) Natural disasters,elevation,slope,and road networks were the main factors influencing the intensity of cropland use in this region,with influence values of 0.158,0.143,0.129,and 0.054,respectively.Areas with moderately high and high levels of intensity were distributed in low-lying areas.Uneven distribution of precipitation,seasonal drought,and flood disasters can directly affect the stability index of croplands and reduce the intensity of cropland use.Developed road networks are associated with moderately high intensity.Our results suggest recommendations such as promoting agricultural intensification and large-scale management,promoting the construction of road networks,improving early warning systems for drought and flood disasters,and promoting moderate and intensive use of arable land,and focusing on restoration and sustainable use of cropland.  相似文献   

青藏高原及邻近地区低涡系统结构研究进展     

杨颖璨  李跃清  陈永仁 《气象科技》2018,46(1):76-83

青藏高原及邻近地区低涡系统(西南涡、高原涡)是造成我国暴雨等灾害性天气的主要系统之一,也是高原天气学的重点研究对象。过去十多年,关于西南涡、高原涡的研究已取得了大量有意义的成果。因此,本文重点针对高原低涡天气系统,总结了西南涡、高原涡的结构特征及其演变机制研究现状,评述了其取得的主要进展,指出了一些有待于深入研究的科学问题,在此基础上,展望了高原低涡天气系统未来的主要发展方向。  相似文献   

三明市雷电气候特征与雷电灾害易损度区划研究     

李衣长  吴林峰  余春华  林文华  王婷婷 《南京气象学院学报》2017,9(2):220-226

通过对三明市市区及10个县（市）气象观测站1981-2013年雷电观测资料的统计分析,得出了三明市雷电气候特征与变化规律.采用2003-2012年雷电灾害数据,从雷电致灾因子、承灾体因素考虑,选取雷击密度N_g、雷电灾害频度P、经济损失模数D和生命受损模数L作为分析雷电灾害易损度指标参数,通过广泛调研和抽样调查问卷,确定各要素所占权重,计算出三明市区及所属10个县（市）雷电灾害易损性风险值,确定了雷电灾害易损度区划分级指标,绘制雷电灾害易损度区划图,完成了雷电灾害易损度区划研究.  相似文献   

北方岩溶水源地的基本类型和资源评价方法的选择——以煤矿区奥陶系岩溶水源地为例     

廖资生  余国光  张长林 《中国岩溶》1990,9(2):130-138

北方岩溶水,储量丰富,紧靠产煤区,是北方能源建设的主要供水水源。文章概略的归纳出北方岩溶水和岩溶水源地的主要特点;对岩溶水源地和岩溶水资源的评价方法进行了分类;提出了岩溶水资源评价方法选择的原则;详细论述了主要类型水源地的资源评价方法。   相似文献   

南海地区赤道辐合带的动力学与能量学特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋全荣  管兆勇  余志豪 《热带气象学报》1986,(1):37-44

本文利用三角形区域法,对南海地区ITCZ的21个个例分析计算了有关动力学特征量随高度的分布,从而得出了平均的结果,这与蒋全荣和余志豪(1984)的分析结论基本一致。分析还发现在平均和分类情况下,南海地区ITCZ的高层(约300hpa)可能有一个相对的干燥层或“干盖”存在。能量学特征的计算表明,南海地区的ITCZ低层具有大量水汽、潜热和全能量的水平辐合,然后垂直向上输送并在高层向副热带地区水平辐散开去。因此,它在热带大气环流能量、水汽等方面的传输过程中起着重要的作用。   相似文献   

宁夏中卫长流水剖面沉积物中稀土元素及其环境意义   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

余素华  郑洪汉 《沉积学报》1999,17(1):149-155

通过对我国西北腾格里沙漠前缘凹地－宁夏长流水剖面第四纪沉积物中稀土元素、分布模式、特征参数和稀土元素之间以及其他元素相关系数研究,探讨了该区河湖相沉积物的物质来源及气候环境演化过程。初步认为该凹地第四纪晚期近７万年以来沉积物经历了三次较大的干冷／温湿气候环境演化并存有４～５次亚一级的气候冷暖阶段性变化。其中在约２．７ｍ处,湖相沉积层中大多稀土元素有突变现象,可能代表了全新世大暖期（９３００～５３００ａＢＰ）在该区的反应。同时,认为风成砂是进入该区沉积体系的主要物源并保留母岩特征,但也不排除凹地周围侏罗纪基岩受风化剥蚀后随水带入沉积体系。该剖面的沉积物大致以风成砂、河流沉积、湖泊沉积旋回叠覆与气候干冷、冷湿、温湿趋于同步变化的模式。总体以干旱荒漠环境为主导,化学风化相对微弱,生态环境十分脆弱。  相似文献   

深圳湾北岸新民孔的Q33-Q14气候记录     

余素华  杨晓强  周厚云  李海涛 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1999,19(4)

对深圳湾北岸新民钻孔岩心沉积物中铁、钒元素、矿物鉴定的伊利石以及生物指标贝类介壳揭示的环境特征资料进行了分析,研究初步表明,该钻孔岩心沉积物埋深12.12～10. 91 m层段的杂色花斑粘土中存有晚更新世晚期(Q33)至早全新世(Q14)气候波动的记录.钒元素和伊利石分析也得到了相应的证实.所记录的短期降温和升温事件可能表明 ,在第四纪末次冰期-冰消期中,气候曾强烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡.这对研究晚武木冰期最低海面时期以来,海面回升及晚更新世晚期/早全新世的古环境古气候影响提供有价值的资料.  相似文献