温室效应引起的东亚区域气候变化   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

陈起英  俞永强  郭裕福  张学洪 《气候与环境研究》1996,1(2):113-123

用中国科学院大气物理研究所的两层大气和二十层大洋环流模式耦合的海气模式进行了控制试验和瞬变响应试验两个长期积分,并用它们的差异来分析大气中二氧化碳含量加倍所引起的东亚区域的气候变化。二氧化碳加倍以后,东亚年平均温度升高,降水增加,土壤湿度也是增加的,但存在着显著的季节性和区域性的差异。因此,又把东亚分成８个区,来详细探讨二氧化碳增加所引起的区域气候变化。选取了３个具有代表性的气候量：温度、降水和土壤湿度。二氧化碳加倍以后,温度的增加和土壤湿度的增加主要出现在冬半年的高纬度,降水增加的最大值也出现在冬半年的高纬度。另外,还初步分析了二氧化碳浓度加倍所引起的温度和降水年际变率的变化  相似文献   

Effect of Ocean Thermal Diffusivity on Global Warming Induced by Increasing Atmospheric CO_2     

包宁  张学洪 《大气科学进展》1991,(4)

A global mean ocean model including atmospheric heating, heat capacity of the mixed layer ocean, and vertical thermal diffusivity in the lower ocean, proposed by Cess and Goldenberg (1981), is used in this paper to study the sensitivity of global warming to the vertical diffusivity. The results suggest that the behaviour of upper ocean temperature is mainly determined by the magnitude of upper layer diffusivity and an ocean with a larger diffusivity leads to a less increase of sea surface temperature and a longer time delay for the global warming induced by increasing CO2 than that with smaller one. The global warming relative to four scenarios of CO2 emission assumed by Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) is also estimated by using the model with two kinds of thermal diffusivities. The result shows that for various combinations of the CO2 emission scenarios and the diffusivities, the oceanic time delay to the global warming varies from 15 years to 70 years.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Upper Ocean Temperature and Circulation in the Equatorial Pacific to Solar Radiation Penetration Due to Phytoplankton   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

林鹏飞  刘海龙  张学洪 《大气科学进展》2007,24(5):765-780

Solar radiation penetration in the upper ocean is strongly modulated by phytoplankton, which impacts the upper ocean temperature structure, especially in the regions abundant with phytoplankton. In the paper, a new solar radiation penetration scheme, based on the concentration of chlorophyll-a, was introduced into the LASG/IAP （State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics） Climate system Ocean Model （LICOM）. By comparing the simulations using this new scheme with those using the old scheme that included the constant e-folding attenuation depths in LICOM, it was found that the sea surface temperature （SST） and circulation in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific were both sensitive to the amount of phytoplankton present. Distinct from other regions, the increase of chlorophyll-a concentration would lead to SST decrease in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The higher chlorophyll-a concentration at the equator in comparison to the off-equator regions can enlarge the subsurface temperature gradient, which in turn strengthens the upper current near the equator and induces an enhancing upwelling. The enhancing upwelling can then lead to a decrease in the SST in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The results of these two sensitive experiments testify to the fact that the meridional gradient in the chlorophyll-a concentration can result in an enhancement in the upper current and a decrease in the SST, along with the observation that a high chlorophyll-a concentration at the equator is one of the predominant reasons leading to a decrease in the SST. This study points out that these results can be qualitatively different simply because of the choice of the solar radiation penetration schemes for comparison. This can help explain previously reported contradictory conclusions.  相似文献   

基于通量距平的大气—海洋—海冰耦合模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学洪  俞永强 《应用气象学报》1997,8(A00):175-182

该文是基于月平均通量距平（ＭＦＡ）的海报耦合方案及其在４个海气耦合的环流模式中应用情况的一个综合评述，这些模式的实施情况表明，由于采用精细化了参考通量，修正的ＭＦＡ（ＭＭＦＡ）比它的原型具有为稳定的控制气候漂移的能力。  相似文献   

大洋温盐环流与气候变率的关系研究:科学界的一个新课题   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

周天军  王绍武  张学洪 《地球科学进展》2000,15(6):654-660

大洋温盐环流与气候变率的关系研究是90年代中后期以来国际科学界提出的一个新课题。在概述温盐环流基本图像的基础上,讨论了温盐环流在气候系统中的重要作用,介绍了国际科学界针对该问题的未来行动,总结了国际科学界的研究现状。  相似文献   

一个大气环流模式差分格式的检验   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

曾庆存  袁重光  张学洪  包宁 《气象学报》1985,43(4):441-449

本文用两种工具对我们设计的一个大气环流模式及其差分格式作了较为严格的检验。首先,我们用检验球面模式的传统工具Rossby-Haurwitz波对简化的正压模式进行了检验,其效果与欧洲中心的结果极为一致。其次,我们发展了检验斜压初始方程模式的工具——非线性Haurwitz波,并对环流模式的框架部分作了检验,取得了令人满意的结果。  相似文献   

球面上斜压原始方程组保持总有效能量守恒的差分格式   总被引：8，自引：9，他引：8  

曾庆存  张学洪 《大气科学》1987,11(2):113-127

本文从标准层结近似下球面上的斜压原始方程组出发,针对两类常用的网格系统——C-网格和B-网格,分别设计出可以保持总动能、总有效位能和总有效表面位能之和守恒的差分格式.同时,讨论了定义在交错网格上的差分和平均算子的一些很有用的性质.  相似文献   

太平洋大尺度环流数值模拟 II:长期平均环流   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张荣华  曾庆存  张学洪 《大气科学》1991,15(5):51-64

用本文第Ⅰ部分所给出的四层太平洋环流模式,模拟在定常年平均大气强迫场驱动下太平洋长期平均环流。所进行的53年数值积分表明,模式成功地模拟出观测到的太平洋大尺度环流基本特征,特别是能直接计算出在海洋动力学和大尺度海气相互作用研究中有重要应用的海面起伏,对表层流场的模拟也明显优于具有同等分辨率的其他模式的结果;对气候有重要影响的SST形势的模拟结果同观测也较为一致。本文还用第53年数值积分资料进行了扰动压力场、斜压扰动压力场和海表热通量等的诊断计算和分析。文中还对模拟结果进行了物理和动力学的分析和解释。  相似文献   

A Numerical World Ocean General Circulation Model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张学洪  粱信忠 《大气科学进展》1989,(1)

This paper describes a numerical model of the world ocean based on the fully primitive equations. A "Standard" ocean state is introduced into the equations of the model and the perturbed thermodynamic variables are used in the modlc's calculations. Both a free upper surface and a bottom topography are included in the model and a sigma coordinate is used to normalize the model's vertical component. The model has four unevenly-spaced layers and 4 × 5 horizontal resolution based on C-grid system. The finite-difference scheme of the model is designed to conserve the gross available energy in order to avoid fictitious energy generation or decay.The model has been tested in response to the annual mean surface wind stress, sea level air pressure and sea level air temperature as a preliminary step to its further improvement and its coupling with a global atmospheric general circulation model. Some of results, including currents, temperature and sea surface elevation simulated by the mode! arc presented.  相似文献   

Comparison and Examination of Dynamic Frameworks of IAP and OSU AGCM   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张学洪  粱信忠 《大气科学进展》1989,(3)

  相似文献