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根据TOGA—COARE强化观测期间的资料,分析热带西太平洋西风爆发(WWB)的天气型特征。提出引发和维持WWB过程的低层流场基本有三:1.北半球南下冷源与SE信风结合型;2.北半球南下冷气流与SPCZ上的热带气旋结合型;3.南北取向由双气旋构成的偶极子型流场。指出该偶极子相对稳定在更日线附近,并解释了这一事实存在的原因。还讨论了WWB的多时间尺度性,以及WWB过程中气象要素场变化特征等问题。 相似文献
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Studies of offshore wave climate based on satellite altimeter significant wave height(SWH) have widespread application value. This study used a calibrated multi-altimeter SWH dataset to investigate the wave climate characteristics in the offshore areas of China. First, the SWH measurements from 28 buoys located in China's coastal seas were compared with an Ifremer calibrated altimeter SWH dataset. Although the altimeter dataset tended to slightly overestimate SWH, it was in good agreement with the in situ data in general. The correlation coefficient was 0.97 and the root-mean-square(RMS) of differences was 0.30 m. The validation results showed a slight difference in different areas. The correlation coefficient was the maximum(0.97) and the RMS difference was the minimum(0.28 m) in the area from the East China Sea to the north of the South China Sea.The correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 was relatively low in the seas off the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary. The RMS difference was the maximum(0.32 m) in the seas off the Changjiang Estuary and was0.30 m in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the above evidence, it is confirmed that the multialtimeter wave data are reliable in China's offshore areas. Then, the characteristics of the wave field, including the frequency of huge waves and the multi-year return SWH in China's offshore seas were analyzed using the23-year altimeter wave dataset. The 23-year mean SWH generally ranged from 0.6–2.2 m. The greatest SWH appeared in the southeast of the China East Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the northeast of the South China Sea.Obvious seasonal variation of SWH was found in most areas; SWH was greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. Extreme waves greater than 4 m in height mainly occurred in the following areas: the southeast of the East China Sea, the south of the Ryukyu Islands, the east of Taiwan-Luzon Island, and the Dongsha Islands extending to the Zhongsha Islands, and the frequency of extreme waves was 3%–6%. Extreme waves occurred most frequently in autumn and rarely in spring. The 100-year return wave height was greatest from the northwest Pacific seas extending to southeast of the Ryukyu Islands(9–12 m), and the northeast of the South China Sea and the East China Sea had the second largest wave heights(7–11 m). For inshore areas, the100-year return wave height was the greatest in the waters off the east coast of Guangdong Province and the south coast of Zhejiang Province(7–8 m), whereas it was at a minimum in the area from the Changjiang Estuary to the Bohai Sea(4–6 m). An investigation of sampling effects indicates that when using the 1°×1°grid dataset, although the combination of nine altimeters obviously enhanced the time and space coverage of sampling, the accuracy of statistical results, particularly extreme values obtained from the dataset, still suffered from undersampling problems because the time sampling percent in each 1°×1°grid cell was always less than33%. 相似文献
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青岛百年气温变化及其影响因素分析 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
利用青岛百年月平均气温资料,用统计方法分析了青岛气温的变化特征。从全球变暖、大气环流、ENSO事件、青岛经济发展以及城市热岛效应等方面分析了这些要素对青岛气温的影响。结果表明：青岛的气温变化趋势与我国华北地区基本一致,但青岛在20世纪初期的寒冷期要比华北地区长10 a左右,青岛的百年升温幅度高于全国和我国北方省份,春季气温升幅与全国相比偏大;西伯利亚高压与青岛冬季月平均气温呈显著负相关,西太平洋副热带高压与青岛夏季气温的相关性除8月外均不显著,北极涛动指数与青岛1—3月气温相关较为显著;ENSO事件与青岛年平均气温相关不显著。 相似文献
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海岸气象学是研究发生在海岸带区域,在陆气海耦合作用下的大气过程与现象的新生分支学科。作者根据海岸大气过程的动力、热气特征,产生机理以及国内外近年来的研究发展,从四方面：①边界层过程与海气相互作用②热力驱动环流③地形强迫作用④大尺度天气过程与海岸环境相互作用,对海岸气象学的研究与发展进行了简要的评述和讨论 相似文献
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中南半岛地区生物物质燃烧活动使其成为东南亚烟雾气溶胶的高值区,排放的烟雾可以传播到南海海域,影响当地层积云的微观特性和降水活动,进而对气候产生影响。本文利用2007—2019年CALIPSO和CloudSat卫星数据筛选了190个烟雾气溶胶与层积云混合的个例,其中中南半岛等陆地上空(代表陆地)的烟雾混合层积云为88个,南海海域(代表海洋)的烟雾混合层积云为102个。基于个例的研究发现：相对于海洋上的烟雾混合层积云,陆地上的烟雾混合层积云中云的液态粒子数浓度(Number concentration of liquid water drops, LNC)、液态粒子有效半径(Geometric mean radius of liquid water drops, LER)和液态水含量(Liquid water content, LWC)的值都更高。与清洁层积云相比,烟雾气溶胶主要通过半直接效应影响海洋上的层积云,而主要作为云凝结核(Cloud condensation nuclei, CCN)通过间接效应影响陆地上的层积云。当气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol optical depth, A... 相似文献
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近30年中国大气能见度整体呈下降趋势,其中东部地区尤为明显,为揭示复杂气象因素对能见度长期变化的影响,利用1980~2012年中国521站地面气象观测资料,建立了气象要素与能见度之间的多元非线性回归关系。结果表明:相对湿度、风速和气温这3种气象要素对能见度的平均解释方差为22%;其中有68个站点通过了显著性检验(显著性水平α=0.05),平均解释方差达到55%。这些站点中,相对湿度影响显著的站点主要集中在东南沿海,风速影响显著的站点分布在除新疆以外的中国大部,而气温影响显著的站点主要位于中国中部的带状区域。3种气象要素对能见度的影响存在着时间尺度上的不同,相对湿度和气温对能见度的影响主要体现在线性趋势方面,而风速对能见度长期变化的影响主要体现在年代际变化方面。中国东部地区能见度长期下降趋势主要受70%以上相对湿度减少趋势和4 m/s以下风速年代际变化的影响。 相似文献
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利用2015年11月—2016年1月船载GPS探空数据和欧洲中心ERA-Interim再分析资料,对西太平洋中南部海域悬空波导现象进行了统计分析。探空资料分析表明：该区域出现悬空波导的发生概率为47%,平均高度为1 393 m,平均厚度为205 m,平均强度为11.7 M-unit,平均截止波长为2.7 m。悬空波导发生时,天气晴朗,云量较少,以积云为主。进一步分析发现5～30°N范围内悬空波导发生概率高达77%,在800 hPa左右高度存在强悬空波导现象。ERA-Interim再分析资料表明强悬空波导出现在巨大反气旋运动区,副热带高压内部缓慢下沉引起的干燥大气与海洋边界层内湿润的、上升运动大气相遇,在800 hPa附近形成较强的相对湿度梯度和逆温,导致强悬空波导的发生。 相似文献
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利用"中国近海海洋综合调查与评价"2007年北黄海春季航次的资料,综合分析了短波、长波辐射及海面短波、长波反射辐射特征及与云量、气温、水汽压、海面红外温度等的对应关系。结果显示海面太阳入射辐射远大于海面反射辐射,二者相差约1个量级;海面长波辐射总体上大于大气逆辐射,二者相差约40 W/m2,平均净辐射为153.1 W/m2。观测期间大气透射率约为0.45,并据此分析探讨了云对太阳辐射传输的影响,建立了考虑总云量、低云量及水汽压等因素的海面太阳短波辐射经验估算公式,计算结果与实测结果具有较好一致性,均方根误差为11.3 W/m2。最后讨论了太阳辐射船基观测由于船体晃动可能造成的误差影响。 相似文献