TOXICITY OF TWO HERBICIDES 2,4 -D DIMETHYLAMINE AND BENSULFURON METHYL TO RICE FIELD CHIRONOMUS KIIENSIS (TOKUNAGA) ( DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)     

Al-Shami S A　Che Salmah M R　Siti Azizah M N　Abu Hassan A　Azmi M 《湿地科学》2006,4(4):241-246

1 INTRODUCTIONRice field is a unique man -made wetland envi-ronment where many varieties of aquatic insects oc-curred ( Ali, Ahmad, 1988; Yamazaki,et al,2001a; Che Salmah, Abu Hassan, 2002). Duringrice cultivation in Malaysia, herbicides are used in-tensi…  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘龙门山 晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志^*   总被引：44，自引：12，他引：44       下载免费PDF全文

李勇  周荣军  A.L.Densmore  M.A.Ellis 《第四纪研究》2006,26(1):40-51

文章以青藏高原东缘龙门山活动构造的地貌标志为切入点,在汶川-茂汶断裂、北川断裂、彭灌断裂和大邑断裂等主干活动断裂的关键部位,对断错山脊、洪积扇、河流阶地、边坡脊、断层陡坎、河道错断、冲沟侧缘壁位错、拉分盆地、断层偏转、砾石定向带、坡中槽、弃沟和断塞塘等活动构造地貌和断裂带开展了详细的野外地质填图和地貌测量,利用精确的地貌测量数据和测年数据,定量计算了龙门山主干断裂的逆冲速率和走滑速率,结果表明在晚新生代时期龙门山构造带仅具有微弱的构造缩短作用,其中逆冲速率的速度值小于1.1mm/a,走滑速率的速度值小于1.46mm/a,表明走滑分量与逆冲分量的比率介于6 ∶ 1~1.3 ∶ 1之间,以右行走滑作用为主。在此基础上,对各主干活动断裂的逆冲速率和走滑速率进行了定量的对比研究,结果表明自北西向南东4条主干断裂的最大逆冲分量滑动速率具有变小的趋势,而走滑分量的滑动速率则具有逐渐变大的趋势,显示了从龙门山的后山带至前山带主干断裂的走滑作用越来越强。由此推测现今的龙门山及其前缘盆地不完全是由于构造缩短作用形成的,而主要是走滑作用和剥蚀卸载作用的产物。另外,根据沉积、构造、盆地充填体的几何形态、地貌、古地磁等标定和对比了龙门山在中生代和新生代的走滑方向,表明龙门山构造带在中生代与新生代之交走滑方向发生了反转,即由中生代时期的左行变为新生代时期的右行。  相似文献   

藏西南纳木那尼峰地区第四纪以来的冰川演化          下载免费PDF全文

杨建强  易朝路  L.A.Owen  N.Davis 《第四纪研究》2006,26(2):211-219

藏西南纳木那尼峰地区第四纪以来经历了多阶段的冰川演化,遗留了各个阶段不同类型的冰川堆积地貌和冰川侵蚀地貌。文章通过对各阶段冰积地貌的分布范围、特征的描述,并根据保存程度确定其相对地貌年龄,初步认为本地区第四纪以来倒数第3次冰期发育了规模最大的冰原冰川,倒数第2次冰期时冰原缩小并逐渐解体,末次冰期以来完全解体为山谷冰川。根据本地区槽谷的形态特征及冰川堆积物的分布,认为本地区末次间冰期前后有一次活跃的构造运动。  相似文献   

北美东部下方岩石层—软流层边界的清晰成像     

C.A.Rychert  K.M.Fischer  S.Rondenay  何萍 《世界地震译丛》2006,(4)

板块构造理论关键在于相对坚硬的岩石层在松软的软流层上方运动的概念,但是目前人们对岩石层与软流层边界的性质还知之甚少。在这一边界中地震波速的梯度变化主要反映了造成这两层岩石强度不同的物理和化学特性。比如,如果岩石层仅仅是热边界层,由于其较低温度而比较坚硬,那么地幔对流模型(Kinget al,2000;Zaraneket al,2004)揭示在其底部的波速梯度可能持续数十千米。相反,如果软流层由于内部挥发物富集(Hirth and Kohlstedt,1996;Gahertyet al,1999;Karato and Jung,1998;Hirthet al,2000)或存在部分熔融(Anderson,1989)而变弱,那么岩…  相似文献   

用活火山喷发前震相资料模拟强地面运动及其对工程结构的影响     

G.  Festa  A.  Zollo  G.  Manfredi  M.  Polese  E.  Cosenza  申彤 《世界地震译丛》2006,(5):53-62

世界上有些火山地震位于人口密集区，因此与喷发前地震活动有关的地震危险性及其对工程结构的潜在破坏应该是危险性评估及管理的一部分。维苏威火山（意大利南部）就是如此，在那里数十万人面临火山及相关的地震危险的威胁。通过对维苏威火山地震活动相应的震级、震中及震源机制进行地震波形的大量模拟，本文研究了喷发前地震活动的影响。进行地震合成处理，以求得强地面运动特征参数，这有利于估计建筑物多的地区由期望的最大单个地震事件和大量小地震的累积效应所造成的地震破坏。选择一组所记录的地震比较合成的和观测的强地面运动参数，以证实模拟方法是否可靠。由于在维苏威地区下面的浅深度存在明显的速度不连续性，不同距离的峰值地面加速度（PGA）似乎受地震深度的影响。另一方面，滞后能量谱与结构物的塑性变化有关，它明显取决于古登堡-里克特定律（G-R）的b参数。1997年在意大利翁布里亚-马尔凯发生的地震（M5．8），虽然并未记录到很大的峰值地面加速度值，但却造成了建筑物和基础设施的严重破坏，通过在合理的期望范围内改变G—R定律参数，我们注意到累积滞后能量与在翁布里亚-马尔凯震源附近的观测值是相当的。  相似文献   

Dusts from dry lakebeds： Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of potential health concern     

Geoffrey S. Plumlee Suzette A. Morman Richard L. Reynolds Marith Reheis 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):223-223

Dry lakebeds can be important sources of dusts that are potentially deleterious to the health of chronically exposed populations. The lakebeds accumulate and can concentrate natural and anthropogenic contaminants transported in particulate and dissolved form from the surrounding watersheds. The lakebed sediments are commonly enriched in respirable-size, detrital clay particles that can be disturbed to form dust. Evaporative concentration of ephemeral lake waters following intermittent wet periods, and of near-surface ground waters beneath some lakebeds, can enrich the sediments in diverse alkaline sulfate, carbonate, and chloride salts. Chemical reactions between alkaline evaporative waters and detrital silicates in the sediments can produce secondary silicates such as zeolites. Lakebeds with abundant salts and intermingled silicates can be highly susceptible to wind erosion, and repeated regeneration of salts in surface sediments may maintain a sustained source of salt-rich dusts. Potential health concerns arise in part from the large load of respirable particles emanating from some dry lakebeds. These concerns are exacerbated if the dusts have elevated metals, particularly metals enriched in soluble evaporative salts. For example, Owens-a dry lake, California, which was prior to mitigation the largest source of PM10 dust in the continental United States, contains elevated As in its dusts. Chemical leach tests using water and simulated gastric and lung fluids indicate that dry lakebed sediments and dusts can contain bioaccessible As, Mn, Al, Zn, Cu, Pb, U, W, Mo, and other potentially toxic metals. Another possible health issue is the occasional presence in lake sediments of secondary erionite, a fibrous zeolite associated with asbestos-related diseases. The potential presence of pathogens, as well＇as enrichments, bioaccessibility, and toxicity of pesticides and other organic pollutants in the dusts must also be evaluated. Earth scientists can help assess potential health effects of dry lakebed dusts by developing predictive models for dust generation and dust toxicity based on the geology,  相似文献   

Arsenic mobility from arsenopyrite-rich gold mine waste in Snow Lake, Manitoba, Canada     

Barbara L. Sherriff Kristin A. Salzsauler Stephanie Simpson Nikolay V. Sidenko Jamie VanGulck 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):29-30

Local water contamination by arsenic can be caused by gold mining activities as in Snow Lake, Manitoba. This project was to f＇md the source （s） and pathways of the arsenic contamination and describe arsenic attenuation in ground and surface water. The project was initiated because arsenic concentrations average 16.0 mg/L in one groundwater monitoring well （MW17）. One potential source of arsenic is the 50 year-old Arsenopyrite Residue Stockpile （ARS）, 100 m upgrade of MW17. Between 1948 and 1959, 250000 tons of cyanide treated, arsenopyrite concentrate were stored in a waste rock impoundment, which was left open until 2000 when it was capped with layers of waste rock, clay and silt to minimize water infiltration and the oxidative release of arsenic.  相似文献   

Lead in food and soil from a mining area in Brazil and human exposure     

Talita Lammoglia Bemardino R Figueiredo Alice M. Sakuma M.L. Buzzo I.A. Okada C.S. Kira 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):66-66

During the last century, several lead mines and a metal smelter were in production in the Upper Ribeira Valley, southeastern Brazil. After fifty years of activity, the refinery was shut down in November 1995 and, thereafter the last mines in production were closed. Since 1998, a multidisciplinary research group has carried out an ambitious investigation among the population of five municipalities in the Ribeira Valley （sampled population of 472 children and 523 adults） to assess the human exposure to lead. The highest blood lead levels were found among the population of two villages in the vicinity of the smelter where soil and indoor-dust are highly contaminated. During the present study, the lead contents of several food species that are part of local population diet were investigated. Greens, vegetables, corn, chicken eggs and cow milk, were sampled in two occasions, July 2004 and February 2005. The analytical procedures included burning of organic matter, pre-concentration of lead and, finally, determination by AAS using background correction. The quantification limit was 0.05 μg/g Pb. Soil samples were also collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with a quantification limit of 2 μg/g Pb. The results are very impressing since 100% of greens, vegetables and eggs yielded lead concentrations exceeding the upper limits established by Brazilian regulations whereas milk and maize samples presented lead contents below the regulated limit of 0.05 μg/g Pb. Lead concentrations in soil varied between 156 and 1292 μg/g Pb, resembling the results of previous studies and far exceeding the threshold of 200 μg/g Pb indicated as the intervention value. Lead contents in some species vary consistently with lead concentrations in soils, however, other factors may account for the bioavailability of lead and its intake by plants, like the soil pH, its cationic exchange capacity, clay and organic matter contents, characteristics of the plant species itself, climate, among others.  相似文献   

Naphthalene and phenol degradation by Flavobacterium sp. DQ398100 and Pseudomonas putida, DQ399838 isolated from petroleum polluted soil     

Hassan E. Abd-Elsalam Elsayed E.Hafez Essam A. Zaki 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):83-84

The solubilization and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in soil was amending by many microorganisms. One of these microorganisms is Bacteria, which were isolated from different contaminated areas at Kafer El Zyat City, Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Wastes samples were collected and bacterial isolation was carried out using enriched media technique. More than 78 isolates were obtained and the degradation capability was examined for all of them. Fingerprinting was carried out for all the isolates using REP-PCR and the obtained results grouped them into 10 groups. Two bacterial strains from the isolated bacteria were showed high degradation talent and specificity for the type of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons （naphthalene or phenol）. Pseudomonas putida （DQ399838） and Flavobacterium sp. （DQ398100） were identified and their degradation capacity was examined using real time method. Strain P. putida showed degradation rate for naphthalene reached to 50% after 20 hours from inoculation. However, Flavobacterium sp. reached 50% rate of degradation after 17 hours from inoculation time. Whenever, the soil degradation rate can be enhanced by adding these adapted bacteria to the soil and amendment of these bacteria which will help in bioremediation technology.  相似文献   

北海维京地堑Beryl湾多井沉降分析的应用     

窦立荣  Jon D TURNER  Roger A SCRUTTON 《地质学报》2006,80(10):1615

Beryl湾位于北海维京地堑的最南端,有三组断层,走向分别为北东向、北西—南东向和北东—南西向。本文利用73口井的高分辨率沉降分析,结合部分区域地震,来阐述中—晚侏罗世的沉降模式。已经完成的高分辨率(每个点间隔仅1～2Ma)沉降分析可以用来研究不同走向断层的时间演化,以及东舍德兰边界断层的连锁和对沉积相的控制作用。计算结果表明,东舍德兰断层可以划分为南、北两段,它们在早—中牛津期连锁成一条断层。中—晚侏罗世裂谷期可以进一步划分为4个阶段:巴通—中卡洛夫期初始裂陷期,卡洛夫—中牛津期为早期裂陷同旋转期,晚牛津—早波特兰…  相似文献