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41.
Most assessments of fish contamination in Southern California use ecologically different species from different sites. Use of ecologically similar species (a guild) might provide better assessments of fish contamination across different sites and depths. In July-August 1997, we collected samples of four sanddab guild species at 22 sites where species pairs co-occurred and determined total DDT concentrations in homogenized whole fish composites. Log-transformed DDT concentrations were highly correlated among all species pairs within this guild. All relationships were linear over the range observed, with slopes not statistically different from unity. The variability in response among species was about four times the variability encountered among replicates within species, but 15 times smaller than the variability among sites. Together, these results suggest that the sanddab guild, widespread on soft bottoms of the Southern California coastal shelf, can be used as a "superspecies" in bathymetrically diverse regional assessments of fish tissue contamination. 相似文献
42.
柴油机工况监测系统是７０年代中期开始出现在船舶上的专用微机系统。船机管理人员用它来监测船舶主机的燃烧和喷油工况，作为调整柴油机以获得最佳或较佳效益的依据；也是用来对柴油机作不介体检查，揭露事故隐患的实用工具。本文首先介绍这类系统的概貌，然后结合ＤＭＣ－２０１／２０２系统全更具体的论述，对国外同类系统的特点简要介绍，最后预测了今后的发展动向。 相似文献
43.
深海底栖有孔虫为古海洋学和古气候学提供了有价值的资料,所提供的它们的环境因素极易于理解。提出了许多环境和沉积特征来解释深海底栖有孔虫的分布模式。然而在最近的研究中,越来越多的人认为,控制底栖有孔虫分布的是有机物的输入而不是水团特性。Ａｌｖｅ和Ｂｅｒｎｈ?.. 相似文献
44.
Lysosomal integrity in mussels has been applied as a biomarker to detect the pollution of trace organics and metals in the natural environments. However, few studies have examined the effects of water quality on the response of lysosomal integrity, in particular total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) and dissolved oxygen (DO). This study demonstrated that high level of TAN (2.0 mg/l) and low DO (2.5 mg O2/l) could significantly reduce the lysosomal integrity in green-lipped mussel Perna viridis, respectively by 33% and 38%, whereas the mussel lysosomal integrity decreased by 70% in the combined treatment of TAN and low DO under laboratory conditions after one week. The mussel lysosomal integrity of all treatment groups could return to the control level after a three week recovery period. In the field validation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong during an one-year study period, lysosomal integrity in P. viridis identified the cleanest site east to the harbour, where the lowest TAN and highest DO concentrations were found. While lysosomal integrity in mussels seemed not affected by seasonal changes, approximately 40% of the variation of this biomarker could be attributable to the changes in TAN and DO in seawater. In conclusion, the response of the mussel lysosomal integrity can be confounded by both TAN and DO prevailing in the natural environments and thus caution must be exercised in relating the observed changes in lysosomal integrity to any specific pollutant in coastal water quality monitoring studies. 相似文献
45.
A total of 3086 samples, both marine (2916) and freshwater creeks/outfall samples (170) were collected and analyzed for enterococci during October 2002-April 2005, from 52 designated beaches in Oregon. A total of 3.2% (99/3086) of the samples at 21 beaches exceeded 158 most probable number (MPN)/100 milliliters (mL). The average enterococci levels of these 99 exceedances was 559 MPN/100 mL, with a maximum of 4352 MPN/100 mL (Otter Rock and Ona) and a minimum of 160 MPN/100 mL (Sunset Bay State Park, Bastendorff, and Mill). For marine water, 77/2916 (2.6%) exceeded 158 MPN/100 mL. For freshwater, 22/170 (12.9%) exceeded 158 MPN/100 mL, with a maximum of 587 MPN/100 mL at Sunset Bay. Sixty percent of the marine and 9% of freshwater exceedances occurred during the winter. Seventy-two percent (55/77) of the marine exceedances occurred after rainfall events (0.01-60.0 mm). At Harris and Mill Beaches, cumulative rainfall was highly correlated with bacterial densities, R = 0.7. Rainfall, at both beaches, explained about one-half the variation in log10 bacteria density (R2 = 0.5). Additional monitoring is warranted to further characterize bacterial contamination in Oregon waters. 相似文献
46.
We present Chandra X-ray observations of the Hydra A cluster of galaxies, and we report the discovery of structure in the central 80 kpc of the cluster's X-ray-emitting gas. The most remarkable structures are depressions in the X-ray surface brightness, approximately 25-35 kpc in diameter, that are coincident with Hydra A's radio lobes. The depressions are nearly devoid of X-ray-emitting gas, and there is no evidence for shock-heated gas surrounding the radio lobes. We suggest that the gas within the surface brightness depressions was displaced as the radio lobes expanded subsonically, leaving cavities in the hot atmosphere. The gas temperature declines from 4 keV at 70 kpc to 3 keV in the inner 20 kpc of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), and the cooling time of the gas is approximately 600 Myr in the inner 10 kpc. These properties are consistent with the presence of an approximately 34 M middle dot in circle yr-1 cooling flow within a 70 kpc radius. Bright X-ray emission is present in the BCG surrounding a recently accreted disk of nebular emission and young stars. The star formation rate is commensurate with the cooling rate of the hot gas within the volume of the disk, although the sink for the material that may be cooling at larger radii remains elusive. A bright, unresolved X-ray source is present in the BCG's nucleus, coincident with the radio core. Its X-ray spectrum is consistent with a power law absorbed by a foreground NH approximately 4x1022 cm-2 column of hydrogen. This column is roughly consistent with the hydrogen column seen in absorption toward the less, similar24 pc diameter VLBA radio source. Apart from the point source, no evidence for excess X-ray absorption above the Galactic column is found. 相似文献
47.
49.
利用定量方法研究了在固有重力作用下地球模型的动力自由振动现象。确定了地球在旋转惯性体力和太阳系中月球、太阳、行星潮汐力作用下的临界应力─—应变状态及在此作用力下地球模型动力稳定性的丧失。地球动力稳定性丧失引起的受迫振动的卓越频率与弹性自由振动的卓越频率在岩石圈的共振点彼此相同，受迫振动的周期数量级为小时，也与自由振动周期数量级相当，而由地球旋转惯性力和临界状态潮汐力引起受迫振动的周期为几天。岩石圈某些地点的共振效应是地震的触发机制，共振点上的动力残差引起了地震震源区的势能释放，产生了数量级为秒振动周期的地震波。因此，查明岩石圈中的共振效应和共振点就可以预测未来强地震的震中位置。 相似文献
50.
对哈萨克斯坦几次Ｍ≥６强震前动物行为异常的有关资料进行了研究，发现动物（２０种）是通过其行为反应的变化对地震作出响应的，另外，在阿拉木图的山前地带（地震活动值大于９）对动物血液学和生物学指数的动态变化进行了观察。 相似文献