Some comments on Soviet population change, 1970-1979     

Bond AR 《Soviet geography》1981,22(8):532-536

The author comments on an article by Wixman and Caro concerning the analysis of population growth in the USSR during the period 1970-1979. Possible methods of analyzing and mapping absolute population change for statistical units of varying sizes are evaluated with respect to their ability to provide an adequate picture of growth intensity.  相似文献   

Phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in Anzali Wetland, Iran: elevated concentrations of 4-nonylphenol, octhylphenol and bisphenol A   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mortazavi S  Bakhtiari AR  Sari AE  Bahramifar N  Rahbarizade F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5):1067-1073

We have studied the distribution and value of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in surface sediment samples taken from Anzali Wetland, Iran. These samples were collected from 22 stations during the time span of June-May 2010. In each of the sampling stations, we detected 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) with maximal concentrations of 29, 4.3, and 7 μg g(-1) dry weight (dw), respectively. High levels of alkylphenols (APs) and BPA were also found near urban areas. Furthermore there were no significant differences between those stations in terms of the detected levels. One of the important factors in controlling the fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment appeared to be Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed differences in the biomarker characteristics of EDCs and TOC between the stations. Our findings indicate that EDCs are ubiquitous in sediments from northeast Wetlands of Iran, contaminating the aquatic habitats in this area.  相似文献   

Lead pollution in subtropical ecosystems on the SE Gulf of California Coast: a study of concentrations and isotopic composition     

Soto-Jiménez MF  Páez-Osuna F  Scelfo G  Hibdon S  Franks R  Aggarawl J  Flegal AR 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(4):451-458

Lead pollution was investigated in environmental matrices and biological indicators collected from two typical subtropical coastal ecosystems in the southeast Gulf of California, Mexico. Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions ((206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(207)Pb) were measured using high resolution inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), respectively. Lead in surface estuary sediments (10.0-34.2microgg(-1)) and particulate Pb (25.0-128.7microgg(-1), >98% of total Pb) in the water column were significantly higher than levels in natural bedrock soils (15.1+/-8.3microgg(-1)) and river runoff (1.9+/-1.4microgg(-1)). Aquatic plants had Pb concentrations between 2.5 and 7.2microgg(-1), while those in macroalgae ranged from 3 to 5microgg(-1). The ranges of mean Pb concentrations in the aquatic animals studied (ranges in microgg(-1)) were as follows: zooplankton 32+/-3, mussels 2.3-3.9, oysters 1.9-7.9, snail 2.0-7.7, barnacles 0.1-18.5, fish 1.4-8.9, crab 6.3-40.2 and polychaetae 8.5-16.7. Pb values in 20-40% of oyster and fish samples and in all samples of crab exceeded acceptable levels for a food source for human consumption. Pb isotope ratios (206)Pb/(207)Pb, (208)Pb/(207)Pb in biota ranged from 1.188 to 1.206 and 2.448 to 2.470, respectively. A plot of (206)Pb/(207)Pb versus (208)Pb/(207)Pb for the environmental and biological samples collected from two study areas indicates that they contain lead from ores mined in Mexico and used in the past to produce leaded gasoline in use until 1997, natural Pb weathered from the Sierra Madre Occidental mother rock, and the later influence of inputs from a more radiogenic source related to industrial activity in the United States. Statistical software IsoSource results revealed that the Pb contained in environmental matrices and biomonitors is mostly derived from gasoline (20-90%) and US emissions (10-40%).  相似文献   

The use of bioluminescent dinoflagellates as an environmental risk assessment tool     

Lapota D  Osorio AR  Liao C  Bjorndal B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1857-1867

A novel toxicity method to determine sublethal and lethal effects of manmade contaminants on the bioluminescence output from marine dinoflagellates has been developed and tested over the course of 16 years. The toxicity system, QwikLite™, was developed for the sole purpose of evaluating the potential toxicity of various materials used in bay sediments, storm water discharges, industrial discharges from Naval facilities, and antifoulant paints. Bioluminescence inhibition was observed in the following dinoflagellates: Lingulodinium polyedrum (formerly known as Gonyaulax polyedra), Ceratocorys horrida, Pyrocystis noctiluca, Pyrocystis lunula, Pyrocystis fusiformis, and Pyrophacus steinii. Cultured cells were exposed to various concentrations of contaminants from hours through 10 days. Further application with bioluminescent dinoflagellates in a variety of toxicity testing schemes have shown that these species can be used as a screening assay organism in lieu of the more costly, labor intensive bioassays presently in use.  相似文献   

关于γ能谱测井异常的解释     

Л.  ВС 冯秀芝 《国外铀金地质》1993,10(3):257-260

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马来西亚一次航空γ测量的后校正和再处理     

陆士立  冯秀芝 《国外铀金地质》1996,13(1):88-90

１９８０年在马来西亚进行了大面积航空γ能谱测量。１９９１年对这些数据作了再处理以消除调平问题，使该航测数据能够更有效地得到利用。对该航测数据作了后校正，以便将航测数据转换成地面的钾、铀、钍含量。这是通过对航测结果和用校正好的便携式γ能谱仪进行的地面测量结果进行对比而完成的。  相似文献   

Proximal impact deposits at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Gulf of Mexico: a restudy of DSDP Leg 77 Sites 536 and 540     

Alvarez W  Smit J  Lowrie W  Asaro F  Margolis SV  Claeys P  Kastner M  Hildebrand AR 《Geology》1992,20(8):697-700

Restudy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 536 and 540 in the southeast Gulf of Mexico gives evidence for a giant wave at Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary time. Five units are recognized: (1) Cenomanian limestone underlies a hiatus in which the five highest Cretaceous stages are missing, possibly because of catastrophic K-T erosion. (2) Pebbly mudstone, 45 m thick, represents a submarine landslide possibly of K-T age. (3) Current-bedded sandstone, more than 2.5 m thick, contains anomalous iridium, tektite glass, and shocked quartz; it is interpreted as ejecta from a nearby impact crater, reworked on the deep-sea floor by the resulting tsunami. (4) A 50-cm interval of calcareous mudstone containing small Cretaceous planktic foraminifera and the Ir peak is interpreted as the silt-size fraction of the Cretaceous material suspended by the impact-generated wave. (5) Calcareous mudstone with basal Tertiary forams and the uppermost tail of the Ir anomaly overlies the disturbed interval, dating the impact and wave event as K-T boundary age. Like Beloc in Haiti and Mimbral in Mexico, Sites 536 and 540 are consistent with a large K-T age impact at the nearby Chicxulub crater.  相似文献   

东格陵兰固结硅质岩墙中同心层状构造的自发成因     

McBi.  AR 李广新 《世界地质》1993,12(2):40-44

在靠近Skacrgaard侵入体东侧边缘,有一约1m宽的流纹岩脉,在其中一较小的剖面上发育有很好的同心层状构造。在该小剖面上,一条断层似乎破碎了该岩脉并加强了它与大气水的相互反应。厚2～3mm的数层层状构造由与低温钠长石、钾长石相互交替的石英围绕着一个由同样矿物组成的放射状团块组成。这些层状构造似乎是温暖含水环境中的脱玻化作用过程中由后期的结晶作用和“自组织作用”形成的。小尺度层状构造的产生可用Ortolcva与其合作者的竞争性颗粒生长(CGP)模式进行定量模拟;由于不同大小颗粒的表面能的微小差异,晶体倾向于以小的晶体为代价生长,于是,从一个微小的颗粒大小的初始扰动产生出一个重复的层状构造图案。对于诸如扩散率与冷却率的物理参数,以合理的估值,用数据模型预测的层间距离与观察到的几何形状与维数完全一致。  相似文献   

Tolerance and hormesis--increased resistance to copper in hydroids linked to hormesis   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Stebbing AR 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):805-809

Cultured clones of the colonial hydroid Laomedeaflexuosa have been used over some years as an experimental model to study the dynamics of growth control [J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1981a) 61, 35; Aquatic Toxicology (1981b) 1, 227; Journal of Applied Toxicology (2000a) 20, 93]. Exposure to toxic agents has been an essential element of the approach, providing the stimulus to elicit adaptive control system responses. While the work has provided interpretations of physiological interest, it has also given insights to some toxicological phenomena. It is proposed that hormesis, as a stimulation of growth due to exposure to low concentrations of copper (1-10 microg l(-1)), is due to increases in the preferred rate of the growth control mechanism. This increases the capacity to counteract inhibition and confers intolerance to the inhibitor, while overcorrections to low concentrations cause hormesis.  相似文献   

“Heiinrich”事件的生物标志体例物证据     

Mele  AR 蓝先洪 《海洋地质前沿》1998,(5):14-16

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