Phytoremediation assessment of native plants growing on Pb–Zn mine site in Northern Tunisia     

Salima Chaabani  Chiraz Abdelmalek-Babbou  Hela Ben Ahmed  Anis Chaabani  Abdelaziz Sebei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(16):585

Pollution by heavy metals presents an environmental concern, and their toxicity threats soil, water, animals and human health. Phytoremediation can be used as a solution to remediate contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to identify native plants collected from tailings: material of Pb–Zn mine sites of Fedj Lahdoum and Jebel Ressas (two abandoned mines located, respectively, in the northwest of Tunisia and in the south of Tunis City). The tolerance of plant to heavy metals (lead, zinc and cadmium) is evaluated. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Zn and Cd concentration. The total soil Pb, Zn and Cd are, respectively, reached 6132 mg kg^?1, 11,052 mg kg^?1 and it doesn’t exceed 479 mg kg^?1 for Cd. The highest content of Zn in plants was detected in shoots of Rumex bucephalophorus (1048 mg kg^?1), and the highest Pb concentration was detected in roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides (381 mg kg^?1), while for Cd Silene colorata it accumulated the highest content in roots (51 mg kg^?1). From all plants, only 12 have a translocation factor for Pb which is higher than one. Among all plants, only 17 have a translocation factor that is higher than one for Zn, while for Cd only 13 plants indicate TF > 1. As for the biological absorption coefficient, all samples indicate a rate which is lower than one. These plants can be primarily hyper accumulators and useful in remediation of lead- and zinc-contaminated soils after further biochemistry researches in mechanism of accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants.  相似文献   

Hyperspectral image betweenness centrality clustering based adaptive spatial and spectral neighborhood approach for anomaly detection     

Karim Saheb Ettabaa  Manel Ben Salem  Med Salim Bouhlel 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(18):412

Segmentation-based anomaly detectors proceeds to the clustering of the hyperspectral image as a first step. However, most of the well-known clustering methods cluster anomalous pixels as a part of the background. This paper presents a new hyperspectral image clustering approach based on the betweenness centrality measure. The proposed approach starts by the construction of an adaptive spatial and spectral neighborhood for each pixel. This neighborhood is based on the selection of the nearest spectral and spatial neighbors in multiple windows around each pixel to allow well-suited representation of the image features. In the next step, this neighborhood is clustered based on the edge betweenness measure algorithm that splits the image into regions sharing similar features. This approach (1) allows the reduction of intercluster relationship, (2) favors intracluster relations, and (3) preserves small clusters that can hold anomalous pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is efficient for clustering and overcomes the state of the art approaches.  相似文献   

Evolution of Pleistocene travertine depositional system from terraced slope to fissure-ridge in a mixed travertine-alluvial succession (Jebel El Mida,Gafsa, southern Tunisia)     

Mohsen Henchiri  Walid Ben Ahmed  Andrea Brogi  Mehmet Cihat Alçiçek  Ramdhane Benassi 《Geodinamica Acta》2017,29(1):20-41

The Quaternary stratigraphic record of Jebel El Mida, composed of continental deposits, is a useful example of concomitant travertines and alluvial deposition in an extensional setting. Travertine deposition occurred in a faulted Pleistocene alluvial fan giving rise to seven (recognised) facies interfingering with five other alluvial ones. The travertine depositional events indicate a tectonically driven evolution from terraced slope (facies group FC1–FC6) to a travertine fissure ridge-type depositing phase (facies group of FC1–FC7). Interfingering between travertine and alluvial facies indicates the co-existence of adjacent and time-equivalent depositional environments. The travertine deposition resulted from deep origin hydrothermal fluids channelled along damaged rocks volumes associated to a regional fault system, named as the Gafsa Fault (GF). The travertine–terrigenous succession in Jebel El Mida highlights the major role played by the GF in controlling: (i) the hydrothermal fluid flow, still active as also indicated by the numerous thermal springs aligned along the fault zone; (ii) paleoflow directions, discharge locations, volume, rate and fluctuations of the water supply. The paleoclimatic correlation with adjacent localities reveals that, at that time, humid episodes could have contributed to the recharge of the hydrothermal system and to the deposition of alluvial sediments.  相似文献   

Incision of alluvial channels in response to a continuous base level fall: Field characterization, modeling, and validation along the Dead Sea   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

L. Ben Moshe  I. Haviv  Y. Enzel  E. Zilberman  A. Matmon 《Geomorphology》2008,93(3-4):524-536

The dramatic lake level drop of the Dead Sea during the twentieth century ( 30 m) provides a field-scale experiment in transport-limited incision of gravel-bed channels in response to quasi-continuous base level fall at approximately constant rate. We apply a one-dimensional numerical incision model based on a linear diffusion equation to seven ephemeral channels draining into the Dead Sea. The model inputs include the measured twentieth century lake level curve, annual shoreline location (i.e., annual channel lengthening following the lake level drop), reconstructed longitudinal profiles of each of the channels based on mapped and surveyed terraces, and the current profiles of the active channels. The model parameters included the diffusion coefficient and the upstream-derived sediment flux. Both were first calibrated using a set of longitudinal profiles of known ages and then validated using additional sets of longitudinal profiles.The maximum at-station total incision observed at each of the studied channels was significantly less then the total lake level drop and varied in response to both drainage area and lake bathymetry. The model applied predicted degradation rates and the pattern of degradation with high accuracy. This suggests that sediment flux in the modeled channels is indeed linearly dependent on slope. Further support for this linear dependency is provided by a linear correlation between the diffusion coefficient and the mean annual rain volume over each basin (a proxy for discharge). The model presented could be a valuable tool for planning in rapid base level fall environments where incision may risk infrastructure.  相似文献   

滇西古特提斯多岛洋的结构及其南北延伸   总被引：42，自引：3，他引：39  

刘本培  冯庆来  C.CHONGLAKMANI  D.HELMCKE 《地学前缘》2002,9(3):161-171

在深化滇西古特提斯构造古地理格局研究基础上 ,提出了区分多岛洋与多岛海的时、空尺度标准。根据藏北羌塘、泰国北部与滇西古特提斯沉积地质学的比较研究 ,论证了滇西昌宁—孟连带北延连接冈玛错缝合带 ,南延与泰国北部隐蔽缝合带相接。泰国东北部著名的难河—程逸缝合带北延很可能潜伏于思茅盆地中新生代红层之下 ,因此古特提斯阶段并不存在稳定的“思茅地块”。泰国西北部湄萨良带存在洋盆硅质岩、海山碳酸盐岩和被动陆缘碎屑岩的构造混杂沉积组合 ,原属“泥盆系”的硅质岩中已发现早石炭世和晚三叠世卡尼期放射虫动物群 ,启示了古特提斯东段存在双子星座式主支洋盆的构造古地理格局。湄萨良带北延最可能与保山地块、腾冲地块之间的潞西三台山蛇绿混杂带相连。滇西北地区原属晚三叠世哈工组内侏罗纪放射虫化石的发现等 ,启示了青藏高原三江带在古、新特提斯转折期古地理演化的复杂性  相似文献   

A Simulation Model for the Evaluation of the Electrical Power Potential Harnessed by a Marine Current Turbine     

Ben Elghali  S.E. Balme  R. Le Saux  K. El Hachemi Benbouzid  M. Charpentier  J.F. Hauville  F. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(4):786-797

This paper deals with the development of a Matlab-Simulink model of a marine current turbine system through the modeling of the resource and the rotor. The simulation model has two purposes: performances and dynamic loads evaluation in different operating conditions and control system development for turbine operation based on pitch and speed control. In this case, it is necessary to find a compromise between the simulation model accuracy and the control-loop computational speed. The blade element momentum (BEM) approach is then used for the turbine modeling. As the developed simulation model is intended to be used as a sizing and site evaluation tool for current turbine installations, it has been applied to evaluate the extractable power from the Raz de Sein (Brittany, France). Indeed, tidal current data from the Raz de Sein are used to run the simulation model over various flow regimes and yield the power capture with time.  相似文献   

Statistical Analysis of Nitrate Movement through the Soil in Central Kansas     

Ben?Harp  Jeremy?Hogue  Logan?Peck  Drew?SpainEmail author 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(2):101-107

An earlier investigation by the Kansas Geological Survey in central Kansas studied the movement of nitrate from fertilizer through soil into the groundwater. Nitrate concentrations in soil water were measured on samples collected at three locations during a three-year span, from sets of lysimeters buried at different depths. Although patterns seemed apparent in the resulting measurements, no statistical analyses were performed to test their significance; this re-study of the data uses analyses of variance to test for differences in nitrate concentration attributable to time and to depth in the soil. The mean nitrate concentration of samples collected in the first year of the experiment was significantly higher than the means of second and third year samples at all three locations, perhaps reflecting the confounding influence of a previous flooding experiment. ANOVAs of depth across years determined few significant differences in nitrate concentration with depth. The wintertime gap in measurements and unequal sampling through time precludes formal time-series analyses, but graphs of concentration versus time show that peak concentration occurs at later times with increasing depth, and that maximum concentration decreases with depth. These statistical analyses support the conclusions from the original investigation.  相似文献   

Reports     

William W. Dressler  Stephen B. Bush  Ben Wisner  Dennis DiPietre 《GeoJournal》1990,22(1):116-120

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Physical properties of asteroid 433 Eros     

Ben Zellner 《Icarus》1976,28(1):149-153

Newly available photometric, polarimetric, spectroscopic, thermal-radiometric, radar, and occultation results are synthesized in order to derive a coherent model for Eros. The geometric albedo is 0.19±0.01 at the visual wavelength, and the overall dimensions are approximately 13 × 15 × 36km. The rotation is about the short axis, in the direct sense, with a sidereal period of 5^h16^m13^s.4. The pole of rotation lies within a few degrees of ecliptic coordinates λ = 16° and β = + 11°.Eros is uniformly coated with a particulate surface layer several millimeters thick. It has an iron-bearing silicate composition, similar to that of a minority of main-belt asteroids, and probably identifiable with H-type ordinary chondrites.  相似文献   

Crystal fractionation in the friction melts of seismic faults (Alpine Fault, New Zealand)     

Laurence N. Warr  Ben A. van der Pluijm 《Tectonophysics》2005,402(1-4):111

Compositional variations are documented in friction melts along the Hari Hari section of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand, with multiple stages of melt injection into quartzo-feldspathic schists. Intermediate to felsic melts were heterogeneous in composition, but all fractions show a common trend, with a tendency for the younger melt layers and glasses to be more alkali − (Na + K) and Si-enriched, while being depleted in mafic (Fe + Mg + Mn) components. These changes are attributed primarily to crystal fractionation of the melt during transport. Farther traveled molten layers were on the whole less viscous, mostly due to a higher melt-to-clast ratio; however, compositional change, together with a decrease in volatile content, produced a progressively more viscous liquid melt with time. The glass phase is interpreted as a remnant of this high viscosity felsic residual melt that was preserved during final quenching. Following initial failure, the formation of largely phyllosilicate-derived, volatile-rich, lower viscosity melt corresponds with a phase of fault weakening. Subsequent rapid crystal fractionation during melt transport, the loss of volatiles and freezing of residual melt contributed to the strengthening of the fault during seismic slip.  相似文献