The microstructural properties and deformation environments of the Kugarchi folded complex,Southern Urals     

E. A. Shmonova  Al. V. Tevelev  Ark. V. Tevelev 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2013,68(6):345-355

The Kugarchi folded complex is located on the western slope of the Southern Urals; it is a region of complex disharmonic folding in the Lower Carboniferous limestones. We revealed and studied two systems of mineral veins and accompanying veinlets in limestones. The microstructural analysis was used to recognize several deformation stages and orientations of the principal strain directions. This folded complex is interpreted to have formed under conditions close to uniaxial compression accompanied by a progressive change in the extensional strain direction from vertical to horizontal.  相似文献   

Community-based disaster risk and vulnerability models of a coastal municipality in Bangladesh     

Md. Nazrul Islam  Md. Abdul Malak  M. Nazrul Islam 《Natural Hazards》2013,69(3):2083-2103

Bangladesh is one of the most natural hazard-prone countries in the world with the greatest negative consequences being associated with cyclones, devastating floods, riverbank erosion, drought, earthquake, and arsenic contamination, etc. One way or other, these natural hazards engulfed every corner of Bangladesh. The main aim of this research paper is to carry out a multi-hazards risk and vulnerability assessment for the coastal Matlab municipality in Bangladesh and to recommend possible mitigation measures. To this aim, hazards are prioritized by integrating SMUG and FEMA models, and a participation process is implemented so as to involve community both in the risk assessment and in the identification of adaptation strategies. The Matlab municipality is highly vulnerable to several natural hazards such as cyclones, floods, and riverbank erosion. The SMUG is a qualitative assessment, while FEMA is a quantitative assessment of hazards. The FEMA model suggests a threshold of highest 100 points. All hazards that total more than 100 points may receive higher priority in emergency preparedness and mitigation measures. The FEMA model, because it judges each hazard individually in a numerical manner, may provide more satisfying results than the SMUG system. The spatial distributions of hazard, risk, social institutions, land use, and other resources indicate that the flood disaster is the top environmental problem of Matlab municipality. Hazard-specific probable mitigation measures are recommended with the discussion of local community. Finally, this study tries to provide insights into the way field research combining scientific assessments tools such as SMUG and FEMA could feed evidence-based decision-making processes for mitigation in vulnerable communities.  相似文献   

Modeling approaches and strategies for data-scarce aquifers: example of the Dar es Salaam aquifer in Tanzania     

Marc Van Camp  Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah  Nawal Al Farrah  Kristine Walraevens 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(2):341-356

Management of groundwater resources can be improved by using groundwater models to perform risk analyses and to improve development strategies, but a lack of extensive basic data often limits the implementation of sophisticated models. Dar es Salaam in Tanzania is an example of a city where increasing groundwater use in a Pleistocene aquifer is causing groundwater-related problems such as saline intrusion along the coastline, lowering of water-table levels, and contamination of pumping wells. The lack of a water-level monitoring network introduces a problem for basic data collection and model calibration and validation. As a replacement, local water-supply wells were used for measuring groundwater depth, and well-top heights were estimated from a regional digital elevation model to recalculate water depths to hydraulic heads. These were used to draw a regional piezometric map. Hydraulic parameters were estimated from short-time pumping tests in the local wells, but variation in hydraulic conductivity was attributed to uncertainty in well characteristics (information often unavailable) and not to aquifer heterogeneity. A MODFLOW model was calibrated with a homogeneous hydraulic conductivity field and a sensitivity analysis between the conductivity and aquifer recharge showed that average annual recharge will likely be in the range 80–100 mm/year.  相似文献   

Groundwater resources assessment using integrated geophysical techniques in the southwestern region of Peninsular Malaysia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mohamed S. E. Juanah  Shaharin Ibrahim  Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman  Puziah Abdul Latif 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4129-4144

Combined geophysical techniques such as multi-electrode resistivity, induced polarization, and borehole geophysical techniques were carried out on volcano-sedimentary rocks in the north of Gemas as part of the groundwater resource’s investigations. The result identifies four resistivity units: the tuffaceous mudstone, tuffaceous sandstone, the tuff bed, and the shale layer. Two types of aquifer systems in terms of storage were identified within the area: one within a fracture system (tuff), which is the leaky area through which vertical flow of groundwater occurs, and an intergranular property of the sandy material of the aquifer which includes sandstone and tuffaceous sandstone. The result also reveals that the aquifer occupies a surface area of about 3,250,555 m² with a mean depth of 43.71 m and a net volume of 9.798?×?10⁷?m³. From the approximate volume of the porous zone (28 %) and the total aquifer volume, a usable capacity of (274.339?±?30.177)?×?10⁷?m³ of water in the study area can be deduced. This study provides useful information that can be used to develop a much broader understanding of the nature of groundwater potential in the area and their relationship with the local geology.  相似文献   

Inverted basin analysis and geological modeling, Razzak Oil Field, Western Desert, Egypt     

Mohamed Salah Sedek  Omar Mohamed Mohamed Al Mahdy 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2261-2283

This paper deals with a geological modeling based on seismic and well data of the Razzak Oil Field, located in northwestern desert of Egypt aimed mainly at improving the knowledge on inversion tectonics in the sedimentary basin corresponding to the oil field. Contour maps of significant seismic horizons corresponding to the top of Meso-Cenozoic formations which represent the stratigraphic traps of the oil field (top Apollonia, top Abu Roash “G,” top Bahariya, and top Alamein) are presented. The final model consists of geological cross-sections showing the inversion basin in the Razzak Oil Field. From the seismic data interpretation and modeling, we have different results matching with regional tectonic and transcurrent motion model. There are two main fault trends: the first one was northeast–southwest matching the Jurassic rift where the Jurassic is characterized by normal faults that formed in conjunction with the opening of the Neo-Tethys, and the other fault trend is northwest–southeast matching with Cretaceous faults. This is followed by a period of compressive tectonism (Syrian Arc deformation) in which two of the Jurassic normal faulted blocks (one at the northern part and the other at the southern part of the Qattara–Alamein ridge in the Razzak field) are reactivated as reverse faulted by Eocene–Early Oligocene time.  相似文献   

夏季副高与海温的相互关系及副高预测   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23  

艾悦秀  陈兴芳 《热带气象学报》2000,16(1):1-8

通过分析夏季西太平洋副高与前期12月至后期11月的赤道太平洋和北太平洋海温的相关系数分布图,综合比较副高面积指数、西伸脊点和脊线位置与海温的相关关系,讨论副高对海温的反馈作用以及海温与夏季副高的物理联系模型,为副高预测提供依据.  相似文献   

A holographic reconstruction of the modified f(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity with scale factor in power-law form     

Abdul Jawad  Surajit Chattopadhyay  Antonio Pasqua 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,346(1):273-278

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Correspondence between f(G) gravity and holographic dark energy via power-law solution     

Abdul Jawad  Antonio Pasqua  Surajit Chattopadhyay 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,344(2):489-494

In this paper, we discuss cosmological application of holographic Dark Energy (HDE) in the framework of f(G) modified gravity. For this purpose, we construct f(G) model with the inclusion of HDE and a well-known power law form of the scale factor a(t). The reconstructed f(G) is found to satisfy a sufficient condition for a realistic modified gravity model. We find quintessence behavior of effective equation of state (EoS) parameter ω _DE through energy conditions in this context. Moreover, we observe that the squared speed of sound $v_{s}^{2}$ remains negative, which indicates the instability of HDE f(G) model.  相似文献   

Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination of Drinking Water in the Pearl Valley,Azad Jammu and Kashmir     

Saboor Javaid  Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah  Abdul Jabbar Chaudhary  Mohammad Haleem Khan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):216-221

The aim of this study was to assess trace metal contamination of drinking water in the Pearl Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The objectives were to determine physical properties and the dissolved concentration of five trace metals, i. e., lead, copper, nickel, zinc, and manganese, in drinking water samples collected from various sites of municipal water supply, natural water springs and wells in the valley. Concentrations of the metals in the water samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed physical parameters, i. e., appearance, taste and odor within acceptable limits and pH was between 5.5 and 7.0. The observed concentrations of the metals varied between sources of water samples and between sampling sites. Maximum dissolved concentration observed was 4.7 mg/L for Pb and Mn, 4.6 mg/L for Zn, 2.9 mg/L for Ni and 2.8 mg/L for Cu. The observed concentrations of the metals were compared with the World Health Organization's guideline values for drinking water. Overall, the quality of water samples taken from the water springs at Mutyal Mara and Bonjosa was good; however, the water quality was unsuitable for drinking in Kiraki, Kharick, and Pothi Bala localities particularly. Finally, the authors discuss possible causes for increased concentrations of the trace metals in drinking water in the study area.  相似文献   

Spatial crime distribution and prediction for sporting events using social media     

Alina Ristea  Mohammad Al Boni  Bernd Resch  Matthew S. Gerber  Michael Leitner 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(9):1708-1739

ABSTRACT

Sporting events attract high volumes of people, which in turn leads to increased use of social media. In addition, research shows that sporting events may trigger violent behavior that can lead to crime. This study analyses the spatial relationships between crime occurrences, demographic, socio-economic and environmental variables, together with geo-located Twitter messages and their ‘violent’ subsets. The analysis compares basketball and hockey game days and non-game days. Moreover, this research aims to analyze crime prediction models using historical crime data as a basis and then introducing tweets and additional variables in their role as covariates of crime. First, this study investigates the spatial distribution of and correlation between crime and tweets during the same temporal periods. Feature selection models are applied in order to identify the best explanatory variables. Then, we apply localized kernel density estimation model for crime prediction during basketball and hockey games, and on non-game days. Findings from this study show that Twitter data, and a subset of violent tweets, are useful in building prediction models for the seven investigated crime types for home and away sporting events, and non-game days, with different levels of improvement.  相似文献