An integrated wavelet concept of physical geodesy   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

W. Freeden  F. Schneider 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(5):259-281

For the determination of the earth's gravity field many types of observations are nowadays available, including terrestrial gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradio-metry, etc. The mathematical connection between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other is called the integrated concept of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e. linear functionals representing the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential outside and on the earth's surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding to realistic earth's models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking and gradiometry. Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997  相似文献   

Continental strike-slip rifts and their stratigraphic signature: application to the Bangong/Nujiang zone (Tibet) and the South Penninic zone (Alps)     

F. Mattern  W. Schneider  P. Wang  C. Li 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1998,87(2):206-224

Our literature studies show that the thermal regime along continental strike-slip rifts is inconspicuous and that they are "low-volcanicity rifts" at best. Along with that, young continental strike-slip rifts exhibit no signs of major thermally controlled doming. We suggest that the larger the strike-slip component of a rift is, the less likely major thermal doming is causally associated with the rift zone. Since vertical lithosphere movements are reflected in the stratigraphic record of a rifted area, different rift modes (strike-slip, dip-slip) may be distinguished by analyzing the relevant sequences. Two ancient and especially suitable strike-slip rift margins in Tethyan mountain belts, the Bangong/Nujiang zone of Tibet and the South Penninic zone of the Alps, were analyzed with regard to their uplift history. The results confirm recent regional rift models which indicate in both cases that rifting was dominated by strike-slip. The stratigraphic approach may provide significant clues as to the mode of paleorifting when structural data are unavailable.  相似文献   

Line-Driven Instability     

Achim Feldmeier  Stanley Owocki 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,260(1-2):113-122

Line-driven winds are subject to a strong radiation-hydrodynamic instability. We discuss the linear stability analysis and numerical simulations of the fully developed wind structure. The latter show sequences of strong reverse shocks, and two different families of clouds which mutually collide. Possible applications are the X-ray emission from O stars and the formation of dense clouds in broad absorption line quasars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A new measure for cosmic shear     

Peter Schneider  Ludovic van Waerbeke  Bhuvnesh Jain  & Guido Kruse 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,296(4):873-892

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Albert Maucher in memoriam     

H.-J. Schneider  D. D. Klemm 《Mineralium Deposita》1981,16(2):191-193

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The earthquake in the Swabian Jura of 16 November 1911 and present concepts of seismotectonics     

G. Schneider 《Tectonophysics》1979,53(3-4)

Beginning with the Swabian Jura earthquake in 1911 the seismic activity in Central Europe is concentrated to this area. A comparison with other events of the same epicentral region shows that the largest earthquake in Germany has the character of a left-lateral horizontal strike slip striking N — NNE. The focal parameters can be assumed within the following intervalls: Seismic moment M_o = 1…8·10¹⁷ Nm; focal area F_o = 18…53 km²; average dislocation d_o = 20…53 cm and stress drop Δp_o = 13…19 bar.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

S. I. Rasool  Charles Pereira F.R.S.  Stephen H. Schneider 《Climatic change》1980,3(1):105-110

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X-Ray investigations on the deformation of experimentally shock-loaded quartzes     

H. Schneider  U. Hornemann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,55(2):205-215

Quartz single crystals submitted to dynamic pressures higher than 200 kbar show intensive anisotropic postshock cell expansions and lattice disordering which gradually increase along with the degree of shock compression. Maximum expansion and lattice distortion occur parallel to [10.0] followed by [21.0] and [20.1], whereas the lowest expansion rates and comparatively little lattice damage can be observed parallel to [10.2] and [00.1]. [10.0], [21.0], and [20.1] represent short Burgers vectors within the quartz lattice. They are probably preferred directions of a structure-controlled deformation.Annealing experiments carried out at 300, 605 and 900 ° C make the expanded cell parameters approach the values of unshocked quartz. Two different types of recrystallization can be observed:

1)	No contraction of the -constant but comparatively strong decrease of the c-parameter in samples shocked up to 260 kbar.
2)	A strong or complete recontraction of both cell parameters and c in highly shocked quartzes (260–300 kbar) if annealing to temperatures > 300 ° C.

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Die wachsende Bedeutung der Ingenieurgeologie im Zeitalter der Umweltzerstörung     

Professor Baurat h. c. Dr.-Ing. Dr. mont. h. c. Leopold Müller-Salzburg  Dr.-Ing. Hans -Joachim Schneider 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1977,66(1):723-739

Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung der Technik führt zu immer größeren Bauprojekten im Bereich des Talsperrenbaus, Verkehrswegebaus, Untertagebaus, Bergbaus und Grundbaus. Diese großen Bauprojekte stellen in vielfacher Hinsicht eine erhebliche Belastung der Natur sowie eine Beeinträchtigung ihres Gleichgewichts dar und rufen teilweise unvorhergesehene Wechselwirkungen von Bauwerk und Baugrund hervor. Die technische Entwicklung überrollte die Natur so stürmisch, daß ihre ökologischen Folgen weder von den Wissenschaftlern noch von den Praktikern erkannt und bedacht wurden. Die Aufgaben, die sich in diesem Rahmen dem Ingenieurgeologen stellen, bestehen nicht nur in der möglichst genauen Erfassung der geologischen Parameter zur Gewährleistung der Sicherheit des Bauwerks, wirtschaftlich vertretbarer Baukosten unter optimaler Berücksichtigung geologischer Gegebenheiten, sondern sie haben auch die Vorhersage der Wechselwirkungen von Bauwerk und Baugrund sowie von Störungen des oft erstaunlich labilen Gleichgewichts von Geo-, Bio- und Atmosphäre einzubeziehen. Dabei spielen oft rezente geologische Vorgänge eine bisher in der Ingenieurgeologie viel zu wenig gewürdigte Rolle. Die Notwendigkeit, die Ingenieurgeologie schon bei der allerersten Planung, beim Entwurf und der Bauwerksüberwachung mitbestimmen zu lassen, wird an einzelnen Projekten erläutert.

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Summary Technical development leads to dams, roads, tunnels, mines and foundations of always larger dimensions. Various aspects of these projects represent a serious encumbrance of nature and an impairment of her equilibrium and can cause unforeseen interactions between structure and the earth. Development has taken place so quickly, that the ecological consequences have not been recognised or considered in many cases — neither by the scientists nor by the practitioners. The tasks, confronting the engineering geologists in this regard, consist not only in an exact investigation of the geological parameters to guarantee the safety of the construction project and to achieve project costs by taking into consideration the geological conditions, but must encompass the recognition of the interactions of construction and the earth as well as the disturbance of the often astonishingly fragile equilibrium of the geo-, bio- and atmosphere. Specifically recent geological processes are often not accounted for, despite their possibly disadvantageous effects. The necessity, that the engineering geologist contributes in all project stages from the first planning, to the design upto the surveillance of the construction, is stressed by giving examples.

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Résumé Le développement technique a conduit à des projets de construction toujour plus grands dans le domain des barrages, des routes, des tunnels, des mines et des fondations. Ces grands projets représentent sous beaucoup d'aspects une immense contreinte pour l'environnement naturel, un préjudice pour son équilibre et conduisent parfois à une interaction imprévue entre la construction et le sol. Le développement fut si rapide que les conséquences écologiques ne furent pas reconnues et prises en compte, ni par la science ni par la pratique. Les taches, qui se présentent au géologue ingénieur sur le terrain, comprennent non seulement l'investigation exacte des paramètres géologiques dans le but d'assurer la securité de la construction pour des frais raisonnables tout en prenant en compte d'une façon optimale les conditions géologiques, mais aussi la prévision de ces interactions entre l'ouvrage et le sol, ainsi que les perturbations de l'équilibre de l'environnement géologique, biologique et atmosphérique, équilibre qui est souvent éxtrêmement fragile.Les phénomènes géologiques récents ne sont que très peu considérés dans ces études. La necessité de la participation du géologue ingénieur dès le début des études pendant la conception et la surveillance de l'ouvrage est illustrée à l'aide de projets particuliers.

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Shock-induced thermal transformations of ries-biotites     

Hartmut Schneider 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1974,43(3):233-243

Thermal transformations in biotites depending on increasing postshock temperatures were studied.A decrease of the unit cell volume, caused by oxidation of octahedral Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ at temperature rangings of about 400–500° C was observed.In the same temperature range (500° C) the biotite lattice becomes thermodynamically unstable. Intersheet and octahedral layers are decomposed, whereas individual SiO₄-tetrahedra are more resistant to thermal vibrations. The decomposition of the biotite leads to the formation of new minerals and amorphous phases. By X-ray analysesmagnetite, hercynite, pyroxene, feldspar, and quartz were identified.Thermal transformations of biotite induced by shock waves are characterized by states of distinct disequilibrium.  相似文献