Chemical composition of nyerereite and gregoryite from natrocarbonatites of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano,Tanzania     

A. N. Zaitsev  J. Keller  J. Spratt  T. E. Jeffries  V. V. Sharygin 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(7):608-616

Alkali carbonates nyerereite, ideally Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ and gregoryite, ideally Na₂CO₃, are the major minerals in natrocarbonatite lavas from Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, northern Tanzania. They occur as pheno- and microphenocrysts in groundmass consisting of fluorite and sylvite; nyerereite typically forms prismatic crystals and gregoryite occurs as round, oval crystals. Both minerals are characterized by relatively high contents of various minor elements. Raman spectroscopy data indicate the presence of sulfur and phosphorous as (SO₄)²⁻ and (PO₄)³⁻ groups. Microprobe analyses show variable composition of both nyerereite and gregoryite. Nyerereite contains 6.1–8.7 wt % K₂O, with subordinate amounts of SrO (1.7–3.3 wt %), BaO (0.3–1.6 wt %), SO₃ (0.8–1.5 wt %), P₂O₅ (0.2–0.8 wt %) and Cl (0.1–0.35 wt %). Gregoryite contains 5.0–11.9 wt % CaO, 3.4–5.8 wt % SO₃, 1.3–4.6 wt % P₂O₅, 0.6–1.0 wt % SrO, 0.1–0.6 wt % BaO and 0.3–0.7 wt % Cl. The content of F is below detection limits in nyerereite and gregoryite. Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses show that REE, Mn, Mg, Rb and Li are typical trace elements in these minerals. Nyerereite is enriched in REE (up to 1080 ppm) and Rb (up to 140 ppm), while gregoryite contains more Mg (up to 367 ppm) and Li (up to 241 ppm) as compared with nyerereite.  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry of the Amur River: Weathering in a Northern Temperate Basin     

Seulgi Moon  Youngsook Huh  Alexandr Zaitsev 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2009,15(4):497-527

We report the dissolved major element, organic carbon, and δ¹³C_DOC, δ¹³C_POC, δD, δ¹⁸O, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr composition of 19 summer samples from the Amur River. The Amur transported 2.6 Tg C/year of total organic carbon to the Sea of Okhotsk. The physical weathering rate (PWR) based on suspended particulate material was 13 (1.4–14) tons/(km² year), and the chemical weathering rate based on total dissolved solids was 7 (4.3–46) tons/(km² year). We further quantified the sources of the dissolved cations using an inverse model: rain accounted for 2 (0.6–5)%, evaporite 3 (0.7–7)%, carbonate 51 (29–74)%, and silicate 45 (25–64)%. The silicate weathering rate (SWR) in the Amur basin was 23 (15–98) × 10³ mol/(km² year) or 0.67 (0.40–2.81) tons/(km² year), comparable to those of the Siberian rivers and the Mackenzie at higher latitudes. The SWR of the Amur was negatively correlated with elevation and relief, and positively correlated with runoff.  相似文献   

Evolution of chemical composition of pyrochlore group minerals from phoscorites and carbonatites of the Khibina alkaline massif     

A. N. Zaitsev  C. T. Williams  F. Wall  A. A. Zolotarev 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2012,54(7):503-515

Phoscorites and carbonatites of the Khibina alkaline massif, Russia contain three minerals of the pyrochlore group. They are, in order of crystallization: uranpyrochlore and pyrochlore in the phoscorites, and pyrochlore and bariopyrochlore in late calcite carbonatites. Early calcite carbonatites also contain uranpyrochlore and pyrochlore, but they are xenocrysts derived from the phoscorites. Alteration of the pyrochlore group minerals led to increasing U, Ti and water contents and decreasing Na, Ca, Nb and F contents. Crystallization of zoned uranpyrochlore to pyrochlore crystals in the phoscorites is explained by the experiments of Ryabchikov and Hamilton (1993, 1994) on the interaction of carbonate-phosphate melts with mantle peridotites.  相似文献   

单斜星叶石矿物的穆斯堡尔光谱学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏文  施倪承  刘密兰  马喆生  李哲  Alexandr KHOMYAKOV 《岩石学报》2008,24(1):166-170

本文对产于俄罗斯希宾地区的单斜星叶石进行了不同的温度条件下的穆斯堡尔光谱效应研究,通过在温度分别在298 K,180 K和80 K条件下的分析,发现单斜星叶石由2个Fe~(2 )和1个Fe~(3 )四极双峰组成,并进行了单斜星叶石中的畸变参数包括八面体键角(σ~2)和键长变量(Δ)的计算。但是,在两个畸变参数之间存在着明显的差异,将无法对它们的穆斯堡尔参数和四极双峰进行指派。本文对温度在同质异能位移和四极分裂中的作用进行了探讨,根据通过穆斯堡尔效应和f(Fe~(3 )(O))/f(Fe~(2 )(O))的平均值获得的三价铁对全铁的比值,改写了单斜星叶石的化学式。  相似文献   

Dynamic regimes of prominence evolution     

N. M. Bakhareva  V. V. Zaitsev  M. L. Khodachenko 《Solar physics》1992,139(2):299-314

The dynamical model of a solar prominence taking into account plasma motion in the form of a cumulative flux was developed. Of great importance is the fact that the prominence plasma is partially ionized. Ion-neutral collisions in nonsteady flux conditions radically change the energetics and dynamics of the prominence model. In this case the equilibrium state described by the Kippenhahn-Schlüter solutions becomes unstable, and various dynamic regimes of plasma compression, as well as monotonic or quasi-periodic expansion of the plasma can exist in the prominence.  相似文献   

Shear-wave polarizations in the Peter the First Range indicating crack-induced anisotropy in a thrust-fault regime     

Stuart Crampin  David C. Booth  Maria A. Krasnova  Evgenie M. Chesnokov  Alexandr B. Maximov  Nikolai T. Tarasov 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,84(2):401-412

Summary. Three-component seismograms of small local earthquakes recorded in the Peter the First Range of mountains near Garm, Tadzhikistan SSR, display shear-wave splitting similar to that previously observed near the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. The Peter the First Range is in a region of compressional tectonics, whereas the North Anatolian Fault is a comparatively simple strike-slip fault. Detailed analysis of the Turkish records suggests that the splitting is diagnostic of crack-induced anisotropy caused by vertical microcracks aligned parallel to the direction of maximum compression. Preliminary examination of paper records from Garm shows that most shear waves arriving within the shear-wave window display shear-wave splitting, and that the polarizations of leading shear-waves are consistently aligned in a NE/SW direction. The area is complicated and the tectonics are not well-understood, but the NE/SW direction is approximately perpendicular to the compressional axis in many of the fault-plane mechanisms of the earthquakes. These earthquakes are usually at depths between 5 and 12 km, although there are some deeper events nearby.
Parallel shear-wave polarizations, such as those observed, are expected to indicate the strike of nearly vertical parallel microcracks, which would be aligned parallel to the direction of maximum compression. Thus the shear-wave polarizations in the Peter the First Range indicate that the directions of principal stress are reversed in the rock above the earthquake foci where thrust faulting is taking place.  相似文献   

The efficiency of electron acceleration in solar type-IV radio pulsations with a zebra pattern     

V. V. Zaitsev  E. Ya. Zlotnik  H. Aurass 《Astronomy Letters》2005,31(4):285-290

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the October 25, 1994 event, we consider the balance of energetic particles in a type-IV solar radio emission source with a zebra-type fine structure (in a coronal magnetic loop). The zebra pattern is formed through the injection of fast electrons into a trap and the formation of a ring-type nonequilibrium electron distribution function. We estimated the characteristic zebra-pattern lifetime, which is determined by the escape of fast particles from the trap into the loss cone. In addition, we determined the number of fast particles that must be injected into the trap to provide the observed radio brightness temperature in zebra-pattern stripes by analyzing the plasma emission mechanism responsible for the zebra-pattern generation. As a result, we estimated the efficiency of the electron acceleration mechanism in coronal magnetic loops at the post-flare evolutionary phase of an active region.  相似文献   

Solar radio bursts with a spectral flattening at millimeter wavelengths     

I. M. Chertok  V. V. Fomichev  R. V. Gorgutsa  J. Hildebrandt  A. Krüger  A. Magun  V. V. Zaitsev 《Solar physics》1995,160(1):181-198

An analysis of solar radio burst spectra in the range 3–80 GHz is carried out using measurements of the observatories at Bern and Nobeyama supplemented by data from worldwide network stations. Special interest was focused on strong events at frequencies above 30 GHz. It is found that there exists an extended group of events with a flattening of the spectra at millimeter wavelengths. In particular, two types of flattening are observed: (i) a high-frequency flattening either following a monotonic spectral flux increase at cm-waves or forming a flat broad-band spectrum at mm-wavelengths ; (ii) a millimetric flattening as a decrease of the slope (i.e., a hardening) of the descending branch of the spectrum having a peak in the microwave range. Besides this, in complicated bursts a strong temporal evolution of millimeter spectra may occur resulting in either type of the flattening. Some factors capable of producing the millimeter flattening are considered: (1) superposition of multiple source regions of gyrosynchrotron radiation, (2) gyromagnetic radiation from a two-component energy spectrum of the accelerated electrons at high energies, or by a temporal hardening of the electron spectrum during extended flares, and (3) optically thin bremsstrahlung of evaporated plasma.Presented at the CESRA Workshop on Coronal Magnetic Energy Release at Caputh near Potsdam in May 1994.  相似文献   

Particle Acceleration and Plasma Heating in the Chromosphere     

V. V. Zaitsev  A. V. Stepanov 《Solar physics》2015,290(12):3559-3572

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Numerical Modeling of Flow Kinematics in a Segment of Inerodable Channel     

Belikov  V. V.  Zaitsev  A. A.  Militeev  A. N. 《Water Resources》2001,28(6):640-648

A numerical model of a riffle segment of a large river is applied to examine the kinematic flow structure at different phases of water regime. A finite-difference scheme on an irregular triangular grid is proposed for solving shallow-water equations. The results of field measurements and calculations are presented.  相似文献