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31.
Dieter Pfoser Alexandros Efentakis Thanasis Hadzilacos Sophia Karagiorgou Giorgos Vasiliou 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(6):773-790
Integrating and accessing structured textual content obtained from different sources is a challenging task and becomes even more so when dealing with multiple languages. The objective of this article is to showcase the technological efforts towards the creation of a digital European history textbook repository that integrates respective textbooks from various countries and publishers. The content integration is achieved by introducing language independent metadata based on space (locations), time (dates), and thematic categories (history gazetteer). Providing adequate interfaces such metadata can be used to offer language‐independent access to Multilanguage history textbook content. The specific focus in this article will be on (1) presenting the metadata, (2) the data management approach including indexing the history textbook content and (3) the resulting textbook repository including its GIS‐based interface, allowing for a combination of map, timeline and keyword based search of the history content. 相似文献
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Alexandros A. Ntelekos Michael Oppenheimer James A. Smith Andrew J. Miller 《Climatic change》2010,103(3-4):597-616
The average annual cost of floods in the United States has been estimated at about $2 billion (current US dollars). The federal government, through the creation of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), has assumed responsibility for mitigating the societal and economic impacts of flooding by establishing a national policy that provides subsidized flood insurance. Increased flood costs during the past two decades have made the NFIP operate at a deficit. This paper argues that our current understanding of climate change and of the sensitivity of the urban environment to floods call for changes to the flood policy scheme. Conclusions are drawn on specific examples from cities along the heavily urbanized corridor of northeastern United States. Mesoscale and global models along with urbanization and economic growth statistics are used to provide insights and recommendations for future flood costs under different emissions scenarios. Mesoscale modeling and future projections from global models suggest, for example, that under a high emissions scenario, New York City could experience almost twice as many days of extreme precipitation that cause flood damage and are disruptive to business as today. The results of the paper suggest that annual flood costs in the United States will increase sharply by the end of the 21st Century, ranging from about $7 to $19 billion current US dollars, depending on the economic growth rate and the emissions scenarios. Hydrologic, hydraulic and other related uncertainties are addressed and a revised version of the NFIP is suggested. 相似文献
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Al Heib Marwan Zevgolis Ioannis E. Theocharis Alexandros I. Koukouzas Nikolaos C. Coccia Stella 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(3):1307-1321
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Mining operations can drastically affect the stability of nearby areas. A representative case for this has been the Mavropigi mine, a part of an open-pit... 相似文献
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Deliveris Alexandros V. Theocharis Alexandros I. Koukouzas Nikolaos C. Zevgolis Ioannis E. 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(8):4023-4039
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Rainfall leads to the deterioration of slope stability conditions, while intense rainfall has been commonly associated with landslides on natural or... 相似文献
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Nikolaos Theodulidis Zafeiria Roumelioti Areti Panou Alexandros Savvaidis Anastasia Kiratzi Vassilios Grigoriadis Petros Dimitriu Theodoros Chatzigogos 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2006,4(2):101-130
The densely populated city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) is situated in~the vicinity of active seismic faults, capable of producing moderate to strong earthquakes. The city has been severely affected by such events several times during the last 15 centuries. The most recent event occurred on 20 June 1978 (M6.5) in the Mygdonian graben, with an epicentral distance of about 30 km, causing extended damage in the city, with macroseismic intensities between MSK V+ and VIII+. The majority of buildings affected by the earthquake were of reinforced-concrete typology, typical to many southern European metropolitan areas. The source properties of the normal-faulting causative event and the source-to-city propagation path are well known from previous studies. The soil structure under the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki is assigned NEHRP categories B, C, D on the basis of geotechnical and geologic information and single-station ambient-noise measurements. A finite source model and various rupture scenarios of the June 1978 earthquake are used to perform forward stochastic modeling of strong ground motion in terms of peak ground and spectral acceleration. Rock motion is assessed under the city and it is transferred to the surface in accordance with the respective soil category. A GIS tool is employed to compare the estimated strong-motion parameters with the observed detailed damage pattern induced by the 1978 earthquake. For selected natural periods, a satisfactory correlation is established between macroseismic intensity and peak ground and spectral acceleration, thus encouraging the application of stochastic modeling for generating realistic ground-shaking scenarios in metropolitan areas. 相似文献
36.
Alexandros A. Chatzipetros Spyros B. Pavlides Demosthenis M. Mountrakis 《Journal of Geodynamics》1998,26(2-4)
Paleoseismological research by means of trenching in the area that was affected by the Kozani-Grevena strong (Ms = 6.6) earthquake sequence, revealed evidence for past reactivations of the same seismogenic fault. Five trenches were excavated along the Palaeochori-Sarakina part of the fault, in which three surface faulting paleoevents were identified at ca. 8.97, 36.7 and 72.5 ka BP (TL dates). Recurrence interval based on these datings is about 30 ka, which is very long, verifying the ‘low seismicity’ status of the area. On this basis, the 1995 earthquake was an out of sequence event, because the elapse time since the last major event is 8.97 ka instead of 30. Assuming a constant rate of strain accumulation, this would also explain the small amount of surface displacement that was observed during the 1995 earthquake (maximum 18 cm, usually up to 10 cm) in respect to the displacements observed in the trenches (> 25 cm) for previous paleoevents. 相似文献
37.
Tracy Kijewski-Correa Alexandros A. Taflanidis 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(3):765-771
The present danger in the Haitian rebuilding efforts, outside of the extreme level of need that often encourages temporary solutions at the expense of long-term capacity building, centers on the assumption that sustainability and resilience are mutually exclusive. They cannot be if this rare opportunity to achieve meaningful long-term change within a country that has suffered for far too long is to be fully seized. This change can be realized only with appropriate policies and incentives that do not simply fund the re-implementation of vulnerable construction modes in an effort to meet immediate needs, but that foster the introduction of alternative structural systems with the requirement that they build genuine local capacity to deliver sustainable and resilient homes that meet Haiti’s cultural and economic constraints. This short communication reviews the important housing dilemma Haiti now faces, a dilemma with international extensions since researchers and construction firms from all over the world (including France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Japan, Canada, US) are involved, and presents thoughts for the importance of offering solutions that serve both ends of the economic spectrum, are hazard-resilient and truly sustainable. 相似文献
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Konstantina Papadopoulou Alexandros Sofianos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(6):1877-1887
Some basic factors which influence the behaviour of the anchored retaining structures are investigated and 2D analyses with three dimensional ones are compared. The parametric analysis under 2D conditions focuses on the influence of significant factors such as the normalized embedded depth of the wall, the resistance of the anchors, the free tendon length, the earth pressure coefficient at rest and the flexibility of the system, on the behaviour of the retaining structure. The analyses are performed in two groups for two representative soil types named S1 (weathered weak rock) and S2 (very stiff clay). Qualitative as well as quantitative conclusions are derived from the analyses concerning the influence of the above mentioned factors, mainly on the safety factor as well as on the displacements. The 3D analyses are carried out for various ratios L/H, where L is the length and H the height of the slope. Several trends are confirmed from the results concerning the influence of the above-mentioned factors. It is concluded that the triaxal conditions strongly affect the safety factor, as well as the distribution of horizontal and vertical displacements, mainly in the cases where the ratios L/H ≤ 2. Some serious deviations between 2D and 3D analyses are pointed out and the physical explanation of these differences is given for several cases. 相似文献
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