Intercomparison between finite element and finite volume approaches to model North Sea tides     

Silvia Maßmann  Alexey Androsov  Sergey Danilov 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

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Aluminous websterite and granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya: gabbro–troctolitic cumulates subjected to lithospheric foundering     

Alexey Ulianov  Angelika Kalt  Thomas Pettke 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(4):459-483

Whole rock major and trace element abundances in aluminous garnet–spinel websterite, sapphirine-bearing Mg–Al granulite and hibonite-bearing Ca–Al granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya, suggest that the samples represent a meta-igneous suite linked by fractionation. The incompatible major element contents increase from the websterites to the Mg–Al granulites and further to the Ca–Al granulites. High bulk rock Mg#s and very low concentrations of most incompatible trace elements indicate that the rocks are cumulates rather than crystallized melts. Elevated Ni abundances, impoverishment in Cr and HFSE and high contents of normative plagioclase and olivine in the granulites indicate that their protoliths were similar to troctolite. The textures and metamorphic reaction paths recorded in the granulites suggest igneous emplacement in the crust and cooling from igneous to ambient crustal temperatures accompanied or followed by compression. For the websterite xenoliths, there is an apparent contradiction between the results of P–T calculations that suggest high P and T of crystallization of early generation pyroxenes and elevated P–T conditions during final equilibration (1.4–2.2 GPa/740–980°C) on the one hand and the positive Eu anomaly that suggests shallow-level plagioclase accumulation on the other hand. This contradiction can be reconciled by a model of compression of a plagioclase-bearing (gabbroic) protolith to mantle depths where it recrystallized to an ultramafic assemblage, which requires foundering of dense lower crustal material into the mantle.  相似文献   

Changing relationships between Religion, the State, and Society in Russia     

Alexey D. Krindatch 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):267-282

This paper first traces the major changes in the relationship between the (Orthodox) Church and State in the different Russian polities, using Madeley’s framework of historic mono-confessional blocs and multi-confessional belts. Second, it outlines the recent tendencies and characteristic features of church–state relations in today’s Russia. Third, using data from sociological surveys, it analyses the current dominant popular perceptions and societal attitudes towards religion and the State, including religious freedom. Being part of the historic mono-confessional Orthodox bloc, the different Russian polities produced different models of church–state relations: from a symphony of religious and political powers, through a forced nationalization of the Orthodox Church (Russian Empire from the époque of Peter the Great until revolution of 1917), and forced secularisation (during the Soviet Union), to a return of mutual support of (Orthodox) Church and State despite a formal (constitutional) separation in Putin’s Russia.  相似文献   

Disproportion among Cladocera (Crustacea) skeletal components in lake sediment taphocoenoses and significance with respect to two methods of sub-fossil enumeration     

Zharov  Anton A.  Tchabovsky  Andrey V.  Kotov  Alexey A. 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2022,67(2):101-113

Journal of Paleolimnology - Analysis of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) subfossil remains in lake sediments features prominently in paleolimnological studies. It is well known, however, that...  相似文献   

Remote mountain lakes of Eastern Siberia: a pattern of ecologically pure non-industrialised water-bodies     

Nina Bondarenko  Natalia Sheveleva  Natalia Rozhkova  Arkadiy Matveev  Vitaliy Samusenok  Alexey Vokin  Anatoliy Yuriev 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):378

A 3-year study of the biota of the remote mountain lakes of Amut, Balan-Tamur, and Yakondykon, situated in the Dzherginsky State Reserve in the Baikalian region of Eastern Siberia, was carried out from 2006 to 2008. Examining the biota of non-modern and non-industrialised mountain lakes allowed us to reveal its background in relation to the species composition of plankton, the main groups of benthos and fishes, production potential, and seasonal dynamics of the ecosystem’s basic links. Our data on pH and biota were compared with the findings of a previous study in 1986 in order to evaluate possible changes associated with probable acidification. We observed that the lakes of the Dzherginsky State Reserve have high species diversity. Despite this, they are classed as oligotrophic water-bodies with regard to the development level of their planktonic and benthic coenoses. These lakes are not polluted by anthropogenic activity and so could be considered as a pattern of ecologically pure water-bodies. It is important to add that high mountain lakes of Pribaikalye presently serve as refuges for species that were widespread during past geological epochs.  相似文献