Equivalent linearization of non-linear soil-structure systems     

Elnaz Esmaeilzadeh Seylabi  Hossein Jahankhah  Mohammad Ali Ghannad 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(13):1775-1792

The concept of equivalent linearization, in which the actual nonlinear structure is replaced by an equivalent linear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, is extended for soil-structure systems in order to consider the simultaneous effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and inelastic behavior of the structure on equivalent linear parameters (ELP). This is carried out by searching over a two-dimensional equivalent period–equivalent damping space for the best pair, which can predict the earthquake response of the inelastic soil-structure system with sufficient accuracy. The super-structure is modeled as an elasto-plastic SDOF system whereas the soil beneath the structure is considered as a homogeneous half-space and is replaced by a discrete model. An extensive parametric study is carried out for a wide range of soil-structure systems subjected to a suite of 59 ground motions. The effect of SSI on ELP is studied through introducing a set of non-dimensional key parameters, which define the soil-structure system. It is shown that ELP of soil-structure systems result from a trade-off between SSI effect and nonlinear behavior of the structure. The contribution of each of these two factors depends on the characteristics of the soil-structure system which, in turn, are defined by the introduced non-dimensional key parameters. Moreover, the reliability of the predicted response of soil-structure systems and its sensitivity to deviation from optimal ELP is studied in detail, which sheds light on the consequences of using improper pairs of ELP for interacting systems in the framework of performance-based design of structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Why the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euler</Emphasis> scheme in particle tracking is not enough: the shallow-sea pycnocline test case     

Ulf Gräwe  Eric Deleersnijder  Syed Hyder Ali Muttaqi Shah  Arnold Willem Heemink 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(4):501-514

During the last decades, the Euler scheme was the common “workhorse” in particle tracking, although it is the lowest-order approximation of the underlying stochastic differential equation. To convince the modelling community of the need for better methods, we have constructed a new test case that will show the shortcomings of the Euler scheme. We use an idealised shallow-water diffusivity profile that mimics the presence of a sharp pycnocline and thus a quasi-impermeable barrier to vertical diffusion. In this context, we study the transport of passive particles with or without negative buoyancy. A semi-analytic solutions is used to assess the performance of various numerical particle-tracking schemes (first- and second-order accuracy), to treat the variations in the diffusivity profile properly. We show that the commonly used Euler scheme exhibits a poor performance and that widely used particle-tracking codes shall be updated to either the Milstein scheme or second-order schemes. It is further seen that the order of convergence is not the only relevant factor, the absolute value of the error also is.  相似文献   

Influences of Environmental and Operational Factors on Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production: A Review     

Parviz Mohammadi  Shaliza Ibrahim  Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar  Shahin Ghafari  Sabaratnam Vikineswary  Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(11):1297-1305

Hydrogen (H₂) is one of renewable energy sources known for its non‐polluting and environmentally friendly nature, as its end combustion product is water (H₂O). The biological production of H₂ is a less energy intensive alternative where processes can be operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Dark fermentation by bacterial biomass is one of multitude of approaches to produce hydrogen which is known as the cleanest renewable energy and is thus receiving increasing attention worldwide. The present study briefly reviews the biohydrogen production process with special attention on the effects of several environmental and operational factors towards the process. Factors such as organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, temperature, and pH studied in published reports were compared and their influences are discussed in this work. This review highlights the variations in examined operating ranges for the factors as well as their reported optimum values. Divergent values observed for the environmental/operational factors merit further exploration in this field.  相似文献   

A Study: Removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) Ions from Real Industrial Water and Contaminated Water Using Activated Sludge Biomass     

Erdal Kusvuran  Deniz Yildirim  Ali Samil  Osman Gulnaz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(11):1273-1283

This study aims to remove of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions from solution and to investigate the adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and ion‐exchange affinities of these metals using waste activated sludge (AS) biomass. The adsorptions of the metals on biomass were optimal at an acidic pH value of 6.0 based on its monolayer capacities. Maximum monolayer capacities of AS biomass (q_max) were calculated as 0.478, 0.358, and 0.280 mmol g^?1 for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺, respectively, and the adsorption equilibrium time was found as 60 min for each metal. The adsorbed amount of metal rose with increasing of initial metal ion concentration. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of AS for initial 0.25 mmol L^?1 metal concentration was determined as 0.200, 0.167, and 0.155 mmol g^?1 for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions, respectively. These relevant values were determined as 0.420, 0.305, and 0.282 mmol g^?1 for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions, respectively, when initial metal concentration was 0.50 mmol L^?1. In the multi‐metal sorption system, the adsorption capacity of AS biomass was observed in the order of Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Pb²⁺. In the presence of 100 mmol L^?1 H⁺ ion, the order of ion‐exchange affinity with H⁺ was found as Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Pb²⁺. The adsorption kinetics were also found to be well described by the pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. Two different rate constants were obtained as k_i1 and k_i2 and k_i1 (first stage) was found to be higher than k_i2 (second stage).  相似文献   

Ground-roll attenuation using modified common-offset–common-reflection-surface stacking     

Seyyed Ali Fa’al Rastegar  Abdolrahim Javaherian  Naser Keshavarz Farajkhah  Mehrdad Soleimani Monfared  Abbas Zarei 《应用地球物理》2016,13(2):353-363

We modified the common-offset–common-reflection-surface (COCRS) method to attenuate ground roll, the coherent noise typically generated by a low-velocity, low-frequency, and high-amplitude Rayleigh wave. The COCRS operator is based on hyperbolas, thus it fits events with hyperbolic traveltimes such as reflection events in prestack data. Conversely, ground roll is linear in the common-midpoint (CMP) and common-shot gathers and can be distinguished and attenuated by the COCRS operator. Thus, we search for the dip and curvature of the reflections in the common-shot gathers prior to the common-offset section. Because it is desirable to minimize the damage to the reflection amplitudes, we only stack the multicoverage data in the ground-roll areas. Searching the CS gathers before the CO section is another modification of the conventional COCRS stacking. We tested the proposed method using synthetic and real data sets from western Iran. The results of the ground-roll attenuation with the proposed method were compared with results of the f–k filtering and conventional COCRS stacking after f–k filtering. The results show that the proposed method attenuates the aliased and nonaliased ground roll better than the f–k filtering and conventional CRS stacking. However, the computation time was higher than other common methods such as f–k filtering.  相似文献   

Present-Day 3D Velocity Field of Eastern North America Based on Continuous GPS Observations     

Mohammad Ali Goudarzi  Marc Cocard  Rock Santerre 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(7):2387-2412

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Rainfall-runoff modeling considering soil moisture accounting algorithm,case study: Karoon III River basin     

Homa Razmkhah  Bahram Saghafian  Ali-Mohammad Akhound Ali  Fereydoun Radmanesh 《Water Resources》2016,43(4):699-710

In contrast to event based hydrologic models which reveal how a basin responds to an individual rainfall event, continuous ones synthesize hydrologic processes over a longer time period that includes both dry and wet conditions. With respect to the importance of infiltration method in Rainfall-Runoff (RR) modeling, the objective of this study was to assess HEC-HMS with Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) infiltration algorithm, considering several components of hydrologic cycle such as canopy interception, surface depression, infiltration into the soil profile storage, percolation to the ground water aquifer and base flow caused by available soil storage vs. maximum saturated capacity of soil layer, to model daily flows of Karoon III basin (Iran). The model showed satisfied performance by accounting initial moisture condition by SMA model with Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient of 0.76 and 0.64 for calibration and verification. Sensitivity analysis showed that saturated hydraulic conductivity (K), Clark storage coefficient (R) and time of concentration (t _c) were the most effective parameters on the simulated Peak Over Thresholds (POT). Results from this study assist in improving model accuracy and ability to predict future conditions based upon basin characteristic change.  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤热通量变化特征     

张文斌  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  何清  霍文  杨兴华  杨帆 《中国沙漠》2016,36(6):1666-1671

利用2009-2011年塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站测得的土壤热通量数据,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤热通量在不同天气条件下的变化特征。结果表明：（1）塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地1 cm处土壤热通量年平均值为1.9 W·m^-2,5、20、40 cm处分别为1.0、0.4、0.4 W·m^-2;1 cm处土壤热通量年最大值为334.1 W·m²,年最小值为-184.2 W·m^-2;土壤热通量基本表现为夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季。（2）各土层土壤热通量具有明显的日变化特征。随着土壤深度的加大,土壤热通量的日变化幅度明显减小,最大值出现的时间有一定的滞后性。土壤热通量5 cm出现最大值的时间比1 cm处延迟3 h,延迟速率为0.75 h·cm^-1,20 cm比5 cm出现最大值的时间晚2 h,延迟速率约为0.13 h·cm^-1。（3）不同天气情况下的土壤热通量日变化特征有一定的差异,晴天较为规则,阴天、雨天、沙尘天则较不规则,且1 cm处土壤热通量受天气影响最显著。晴天1 cm处土壤热通量平均值为9.0 W·m^-2;阴天、雨天、沙尘天1 cm处土壤热通量值平均值分别为5.1、-6.1、-1.9 W·m^-2。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地辐射平衡和反照率变化特征   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

金莉莉  何清  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  李振杰 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):215-224

辐射平衡直接影响地气系统物质和能量交换,辐射平衡研究极其重要。本研究使用了2006年8月至2011年12月位于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中的塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站地表辐射和反照率观测资料,分析了辐射平衡和地表反照率季节变化和年变化以及各种典型天气下日变化的特征,并与其他地区进行了对比。结果表明：沙漠腹地辐射平衡各分量最小值均出现在1月,各分量最大值出现时间不一致,其中短波辐射5月最大,长波辐射7月最大,而净辐射最大值在6月。各辐射分量夏季最大,冬季最小;总辐射四季平均日变化极值低于青藏高原,与黑河戈壁相差不大;反射辐射春季与夏季、秋季与冬季差值较小。短波辐射和净辐射各季日峰值出现在12：00,长波辐射各季日峰值出现时间比短波辐射滞后1～3 h。大气长波辐射各季日振幅较小,约为地面长波辐射的1/5～1/4,且地面长波辐射各季日变化为不对称分布;长波辐射各季日最小值都出现在日出前1 h。多云、浮尘和沙尘暴天气辐射平衡日变化不规则,云量和沙尘对辐射各分量影响明显;沙尘暴日,大气长波辐射峰值可增加18%,而总辐射、反射辐射、地面长波辐射和净辐射峰值分别衰减了57.8%、54.0%、55.8%和21.9%。地表反照率3月最大（0.30）,7月最小（0.25）,平均值为0.27;夏季小,冬季大;晴天早晨和傍晚大,沙尘暴日最大。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠不同下垫面太阳总辐射比较   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

金莉莉  何清  李振杰  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):498-506

本文运用统计学方法,分析并比较了塔克拉玛干沙漠绿洲-沙漠过渡带（肖塘、哈德）与沙漠腹地（塔中）总辐射的气候学特征。结果表明：沙漠腹地（塔中）总辐射年总量高于绿洲-沙漠过渡带（肖塘、哈德）,塔中、肖塘和哈德年总量分别为6 515.0 MJ·m^-2、5 666.4 MJ·m^-2和5 774.5 MJ·m^-2。春、夏、秋、冬四季变化幅度,塔中高于肖塘和哈德,肖塘与哈德相近;3个观测点均为夏季最大、冬季最小、春季高于秋季。塔中月总量最大值出现时间（6月）早于肖塘和哈德（7月）,最小值均在12月;塔中月总量最大值比肖塘和哈德分别高99.4 MJ·m^-2和81.9 MJ·m^-2。平均日变化表现为早晚小、正午12：00最大。沙尘暴天气下总辐射被明显削弱,日变化波动大。肖塘、哈德和塔中沙尘暴日的峰值分别减少40.3%、56.2%和53.0%;日总量分别减少41.6%、57.8%和61.2%。沙尘暴日的后续天气仍受到沙尘的明显影响,只有当整个沙尘天气过程结束其日变化曲线才恢复。沙尘天气日,小时平均值>500 W·m^-2的总辐射明显被削弱,主要向低值区集中,分布在高值区的概率减少。总辐射与太阳高度角的变化一致,相同太阳高度角下晴天总辐射高于沙尘天。  相似文献