Geologic evolution of the Canarian Islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera and comparison of landslides at these islands with those at Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro     

J. Acosta  E. Uchupi  A. Muñoz  P. Herranz  C. Palomo  M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):1-40

In this paper we discuss the results of a swath bathymetric investigation of the Canary archipelago offshore area. These new data indicate that volcanism is pervasive throughout the seafloor in the region, much more that would be suggested by the islands. We have mapped tens of volcanic edifices between Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria and offshore Tenerife, La Gomera, El Hierro and La Palma. Volcanic flows are present between Tenerife and La Gomera and salic necks dominate the eastern insular slope of La Gomera. This bathymetry also supports land geologic studies that indicate that the oceanic archipelago has acquired its present morphology in part by mass wasting, a consequence of the collapse of the volcanic edifices. In the younger islands, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro, the Quaternary (1.2 to 0.15 Ma) debris avalanches are readily recognizable and can be traced offshore for distances measured in tens of km. Off the older islands, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera (<20 to 3.5 Ma), the avalanches have been obscured by subsequent turbidity current deposition and erosion as well as hemipelagic processes. The failure offshore western Lanzarote is in the form of a ramp at the base of the insular slope bound on the seaward side by a scarp. Its size and the lack of evidence of rotation along its landwards side precludes the possibility that it is a slump. It probably represents a slide whose outer scarp is caused by break-up of the slide. Mounds on the ramp’s surface may represent post-displacement volcanic structures or exotic blocks transported to their present locations by the slide. The failures offshore Fuerteventura are so large that, although they occurred in the Miocene-Pliocene, exotic blocks displaced from upslope are still recognizable in the insular margin morphology. The Canary Island insular margin appears to be a creation of Miocene-Pliocene mass wasting and more recent turbidity current deposition and erosion, and hemilepagic deposition. Failures offshore La Gomera are due to debris flows and/or turbidity currents. These events have obscured earlier mass wasting events. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

Physiological and behavioral responses of Bathynerita naticoidea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) and Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) to hypersaline conditions at a brine pool cold seep     

Ahna L. Van Gaest  Craig M. Young  John J. Young  Alicia R. Helms  & Shawn M. Arellano 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(1):199-207

Bathynerita naticoidea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) and Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) are two of the most abundant invertebrates associated with cold‐seep mussel beds in the Gulf of Mexico. At the methane seep known as Brine Pool NR‐1 (27 °43.415 N, 91 °16.756 W; 650 m depth), which is surrounded by a broad band of mussels (Bathymodiolus childressi), these species have distinctly different patterns of abundance, with the gastropod being found mostly at the outer edge of the mussel bed (average density in November 2003: 817 individuals·m⁻² in outer zone, 20·m⁻² in inner zone) and the polychaete being found almost exclusively near the inner edge (average density in November 2003: 3155 individuals·m⁻² in inner zone, 0·m⁻² in outer zone), adjacent to the brine pool itself. The salinity of the brine pool exceeds 120, so we hypothesized that M. dendrobranchiata should be more tolerant of high salinities than B. naticoidea. The opposite proved to be true. The gastropods were capable of withstanding salinities at least as high as 85, whereas the polychaetes died at salinities higher than 75. Both species were osmoconformers over the range of salinities (35–75) tested. Behavioral responses of B. naticoidea to salinities of 50, 60, and 70 were investigated in inverted vertical haloclines. Gastropods generally did not enter water of salinity greater than 60, but tolerated short periods at 60. Behavioral avoidance of brine should limit the vertical distribution of B. naticoidea in the inner zone to the top 2.5–5 cm of the mussel bed. Behavior is also a likely (though unproven) mechanism for controlling horizontal distribution of this species across the mussel bed. Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata can tolerate short excursions into the brine, but probably avoids hypersaline conditions by aggregating on the tops of the mussels.  相似文献   

中国对虾配合饵料中维生素C添加量的研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

王安利  母学全  凌利英 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(4):368-372

于１９９１年７月２１日－８月１９日在河北省唐海县西林养殖场以养成期中国对虾为材料，在其配合饵料中添加维生素Ｃ进行中国对虾对维生素Ｃ需要量的试验。结果表明，当中国对虾体长为５．５－７．５ｃｍ时，若以本项研究采用的配合饵料的基本成分和配比为基础，配饵中维生素Ｃ的最佳变化添加量为０．０１８％－０．０３０％。研究发现，变动的维生素Ｃ适宜添加量对于中国对虾具有明显的促进生长，增强抗病力和抗低氧能力以及提高存  相似文献   

Magnetic anomalies in the canary basin and the Mesozoic evolution of the central North Atlantic     

W. R. Roest  J. J. Dañobeitia  J. Verhoef  B. J. Collette 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1992,14(1):1-24

The data from a recent magnetic compilation by Verhoefet al. (1991) off west Africa were used in combination with data in the western Atlantic to review the Mesozoic plate kinematic evolution of the central North Atlantic. The magnetic profile data were analyzed to identify the M-series sea floor spreading anomalies on the African plate. Oceanic fracture zones were identified from magnetic anomalies and seismic and gravity measurements. The identified sea floor spreading anomalies on the African plate were combined with those on the North American plate to calculate reconstruction poles for this part of the central Atlantic. The total separation poles derived in this paper describe a smooth curve, suggesting that the motion of the pole through time was continuous. Although the new sea floor spreading history differs only slightly from the one presented by Klitgord and Schouten (1986), it predicts smoother flowlines. On the other hand, the sea floor spreading history as depicted by the flowlines for the eastern central Atlantic deviates substantially from that of Sundvik and Larson (1988). A revised spreading history is also presented for the Cretaceous Magnetic Quiet Zone, where large changes in spreading direction occurred, that can not be resolved when fitting magnetic isochrons only, but which are evident from fracture zone traces and directions of sea floor spreading topography.Deceased 11 November 1991  相似文献   

Input of atmospheric lead to marine sediments in a south-east Pacific coastal area (approximately 36 degrees S)     

Muñoz PN  Salamanca MA 《Marine environmental research》2003,55(4):335-357

Atmospheric input of Pb to coastal sediments in the south-east Pacific (approximately 36 degrees S) was estimated using: (1) a salt marsh (non-local emission sources) as a natural collector of atmospheric fluxes and (2) Pb concentrations in rain and air samples, both considered to be representative of the atmospheric input in the study area. A radioisotopic geochronology technique ((210)Pb) was used to estimate the total Pb atmospheric supply to the sediments. The results show that atmospheric input to Concepción Bay accounts for 13-68% of Pb in near shore sediments, evaluated through salt marsh and rain, both showing comparable results. Consequently, there are other relevant Pb sources to explain the higher concentrations in this area. Sediments in the shelf are subject to important influence of upwelling waters, estimated by Salamanca [Sources and sinks of (210)Pb in Concepción Bay, Chile (1993) PhD thesis, Marine Science Research Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA] using (210)Pb. The atmospheric input, however, is mainly responsible for the total Pb input, since the salt marsh (natural atmospheric collector) shows similar Pb(xs) inventories than the shelf, corresponding to a regional-scale Pb emissions.  相似文献   

Miocene extensional detachments in the outcropping basement of the northern Alboran Basin (Betics) and their tectonic implications     

V. García-Dueñas  J. C. Balanyá  J. M. Martínez-Martínez 《Geo-Marine Letters》1992,12(2-3):88-95

Whether or not there are extensional detachment faults in the Alboran basement can be tested directly because a part of the Alboran Basin is now emerged. These detachments, related to crustal thinning beneath the Alboran Basin, occurred from the Aquitanian to Tortonian. The resulting extensional geometries can be described in general terms. During the Serravalian a considerable southwest extension of the basin took place, accompanied by south-southeast extension in the northern Gibraltar Arc. Other detachments affected by Serravalian extension can be found. The spreading of the Alboran was nearly coeval with roughly westward migration of the Gibraltar mountain front.  相似文献   

Salt Diapirs, Salt Brine Seeps, Pockmarks and Surficial Sediment Creep and Slides in the Canary Channel off NW Africa     

J. Acosta  E. Uchupi  A. Muñoz  P. Herranz  C. Palomo  M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):41-57

Circular to elliptical mounds in the Canary Channel with reliefs of 75 to 375 m and diameters of 4 to 8 km partially surrounded by moats with reliefs of 25 to 75 m, were formed by piercement of the seafloor by Mesozoic evaporites. Several long gullies, < 1km wide, with abrupt terminations and pockmarks associated with these mounds were probably eroded by dense brine and hydrocarbon seeps. The salt brines that eroded the gullies were formed where salt diapirs intersect the seafloor, or in the subsurface by circulating ground water heated by igneous activity along the Canary Ridge. If the brines originated in the subsurface they reached the seafloor along faults. Displacement of the surficial sediments by sliding and creep is probably the result of the expulsion of hydrocarbons and/or vertical motion of the Mesozoic evaporites. Microtopographic features along or near the east flank of the Canary Ridge are the creation of uplift of the ridge, hydrothermal activity, mass wasting processes and turbidity currents.  相似文献   

西沙群岛龙介虫科两新种   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈木  吴宝玲 《海洋科学集刊》1978,(12):141-148

龙介虫科Serpulidae的盘管虫Hydroides栖于石灰质管内,又名石灰虫,营附着生活，是有害附着生物之一。它们大量附着在船底,影响航行速度;附着在软体动物的重要养殖种类(珍珠贝、鲍、牡蛎等)的贝売上面,影响贝类生长,危害贝类养殖事业。因此,进行龙介虫科分类,生态的研究,可为有害生物的防除工作提供基本资料。 1956年和1975年,中国科学院海洋研究所在我国西沙群岛考察时,在永兴岛和珊瑚岛采到龙介虫科,盘管虫属两个新种,描述如下：  相似文献   

华贵栉孔扇贝三倍体的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

曾志南  陈木等 《台湾海峡》1995,14(2):155-162

本文报道了用细胞松驰素B、高温和低温休克等方法诱导华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）三倍体的实验结果。在26.0～28.0℃条件下，选用不同浓度的细胞松驰素B0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7和1.0mg/dm^3，在受精后15min，处理受精卵15min，三倍体诱导率分别为12.5%、37.5%、68.0%、66.6%和81.0%，其中0.5～1.0mg/dm^3浓度的细胞松驰素B对改变倍性最有效。高温休克选用31.0、33.0、35.0和37.0℃处理受精卵，最高三倍体诱导率达46.7%（33.0℃,处理15min）。低温休克选用6.0、8.0、10.0和12.0℃处理受精卵，最高三倍体诱导率为40.7%（10.0℃，处理20min）。实验结果表明，随着处理强度的增大和处理时间的延长，三倍体诱导率增高、但孵化率下降，畸型率上升。用高温休克处理的实验组幼虫生长速度较对照组快。作者认为，在商业性生产中，温度休克是诱导扇贝三倍体的一种简便、有效的方法。文中还就细胞松驰素B与温度休克诱导三倍体的机制进行了讨论。  相似文献   

The University of Durham Southern Hemisphere VHE gamma ray telescope     

K. T. Brazier  A. Carramiñana  P. M. Chadwick  T. R. Currell  N. A. Dipper  E. W. Lincoln  V. G. Mannings  T. J. L. McComb  K. J. Orford  S. M. Rayner  K. E. Turver 《Experimental Astronomy》1989,1(2):77-99

The design of very high energy (VHE) gamma ray telescopes is discussed and it is shown that a triple-mirror telescope operating in threefold fast coincidence provides an effective instrument. The design, construction and operation of a large VHE gamma ray telescope with an energy threshold of 300 GeV (at the zenith) and incorporating several novel features is described. The use of a coincidence guard ring technique is shown to result in the rejection of about 50% of the off-source (proton) events which form a high background and limit the sensitivity of such telescopes.  相似文献