北山干旱荒漠戈壁残山景观1∶5万地球化学勘查方法技术的选择   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨帆  孔牧  刘华忠  岑况  徐仁廷  宋云涛  王成文  郝志红 《物探与化探》2011,35(3):308-312,332

在甘肃北山干旱荒漠戈壁残山景观区选择试验区,开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量和土壤测量工作。对比结果认为,两种方法均可在该类景观区圈定出明显、完整的矿致异常。在残山和剥蚀戈壁相间分布区,土壤测量较水系沉积物测量覆盖面积大,异常强度高,效果好,缺点是较水系沉积物测量的工作量大。实际工作时,可根据工区水系发育情况合理采用两种方法。  相似文献   

The effects of brine disposal on a subtidal meiofauna community     

Rodrigo Riera  Fernando Tuya  Alicia Sacramento  Eva Ramos  Myriam Rodríguez  Óscar Monterroso 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Desalination plants generate notable (>1,000 s m³) quantities of hypersaline brine which potentially affect the biological communities in the receiving area. We assessed whether proximity to a brine discharge point located off Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic) altered patterns in the abundance and assemblage structure of subtidal, soft-bottom, meiofauna. Samples were collected twice (May 2008 and January 2009) at 0, 15 and 30 m away from the brine discharge point, corresponding to a change in salinity from 45 to 36. Proximity to the brine discharge point affected overall meiofaunal abundances: lowest abundances were observed at 0 m (64.55 ± 39.86 ind 10 cm⁻², mean ± SD) than at 15 (210.49 ± 121.01 ind 10 cm⁻²) and 30 m (361.88 ± 102.64 ind 10 cm⁻²) away from the brine discharge point. This pattern was particularly notable for the most conspicuous meiofaunal groups: nematodes and copepods, and meiofaunal assemblage structure also differed with varying proximity to the brine discharge point. Although multivariate techniques identified changes in salinity as a relevant driver of patterns in meiofaunal assemblage structure with varying proximity to the brine outfall, a shift in particle size composition between May 2008 and January 2009 also contributed to explain differences in meiofaunal abundances and assemblage structure with varying proximity to the brine discharge point. Hence, meiofauna can be considered a suitable tool to monitor environmental impacts derived from the discharge of hypersaline effluents on subtidal, soft-bottom, assemblages if potential confounding drivers, i.e. here temporal changes in particle size composition, are accounted for to avoid possible confusing interpretations.  相似文献   

An overview of cold-water coral protection on the high seas: The Hatton bank (NE Atlantic)—A case study     

P. Durán Muñoz  M. Sayago-Gil 《Marine Policy》2011

The present paper provides an overview of cold-water corals protection in the Hatton Bank deep-water fisheries through the implementation of the United Nations General Assembly resolution 61/105. The methodology and scientific evidence used to propose protection of cold-water coral ecosystems in the high seas (∼16,000 km²) are briefly summarised. The role of international agents and importance of interdisciplinary research for making management decisions are furthermore described. Implementation was slow because (i) of scarce initial scientific knowledge, (ii) research on the high seas was difficult and expensive, (iii) there were several international interests at stake, (iv) agreement from a number of agents was needed, and (v) international advisory and decision making processes were quite slow. Some lessons learned are also discussed since these may help to increase protection efficiency of deep-sea vulnerable marine ecosystems in the high seas.  相似文献   

玛纳斯河流域土壤斑块标度频度分形关系初探     

禹朴家  徐海量  乔木  安红燕  刘世薇 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):729-734

 分形理论在研究不规则几何图形方面优越性显著。作者运用分形理论和景观生态学原理,在讨论了玛纳斯河流域土壤类型分布格局的基础上,对土壤图斑面积与斑块形状指数的标度-频度关系进行了定量分析。主要结果是:①玛纳斯河流域土壤类型多样性指数为2.834,最大斑块指数为8.885。两种景观指数值都较大,说明虽然流域内土壤类型的丰富度较高,但其土壤斑块却由少数几种土壤类型所控制。②玛纳斯河流域土壤斑块面积与斑块形状指数标度-频度双对数回归分析的相关系数均大于95%,其相关关系显著。③玛纳斯河流域土壤斑块面积与斑块形状指数的标度-频度分形关系是客观存在的,并不受统计所选的标度影响,具有标度不变性。  相似文献   

1960-2009年新疆渭干河流域蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢磊  乔木  周生斌  唐金  闫俊杰 《地理科学进展》2011,30(3):306-312

根据新疆气象局地面观测资料,整理出渭干河流域1960-2009年蒸发皿蒸发量资料,运用线性趋势估计、距平与累积距平、滑动t检验、小波分析、灰色预测等方法,对蒸发皿蒸发量的变化趋势、周期特征、突变特征及未来趋势进行了分析。结果表明:①50年来,渭干河流域蒸发皿蒸发量有升有降,总体上呈波动式减少的趋势,其变化倾向率为-19.72 mm/10a,通过了0.05的显著性检验。累积距平曲线的变化趋势显示,年蒸发皿蒸发量以1987年和2004年为转折点,前期偏多,中期偏少,后期偏多。②年蒸发皿蒸发量在1987年发生了由多到少的突变,在2004年发生了由少到多的突变,突变类型比较复杂,是均值突变和转折突变两种突变类型的组合。③蒸发皿蒸发量在50a的时间序列中存在8a、17a和20a的周期。在8a的时间尺度上,年蒸发皿蒸发量序列经历了7个偏多期和6个偏少期;在17a的时间尺度上,经历了2个偏多期和2个偏少期;在20a的时间尺度上,经历了1个偏少期和2个偏多期。④利用建立的灰色预测GM(1,1)模型对渭干河流域蒸发皿蒸发量进行了预测,发现模型的可靠性高,预测结果准确,年蒸发皿蒸发量在未来3年将出现增加的趋势。  相似文献   

Progress in urban geomorphology     

Jin-hong Huang  Gui-chun Mu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(3):288-288

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Wind erosion at the dry-up bottom of Aiby Lake     

Mu  Guijin  Yan  Shun  Jilil  Abuduwanli  He  Qing  Xai  Xuncheng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2002,45(1):157-164

Clay-rich deposits are usually considered as hard materials to be eroded by wind. Data from both surface monitoring and field survey at the dry-up bottom of Aiby Lake present that clay-rich lacustrine deposits are easily broken down and eroded away by wind in the seasonal alternation process under the natural arid environment, and are the significant source of air dust. The surface of the clay-rich deposits is broken and softened by the freezing-and-thawing action in winter season and/or by salt and alkali action with precipitation. Impact of wind-input particles and plow of plant branches with wind force drive the clay-rich sediments moving. Wind picks up the clay pebbles and repeats the impaction further-ward onto the dry-up surface. Tremendous fine materials, including soft salts, are contributed to air dust, and transported in long distance.

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The role of arsenic-bearing rocks in groundwater pollution at Zimapán Valley, México     

M. A. Armienta  G. Villaseñor  R. Rodriguez  L. K. Ongley  H. Mango 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(4-5):571-581

 Interaction of groundwater with As-bearing rocks has been proposed as one of three main sources of arsenic at Zimapán valley, México. The complexity of the geology and hydrogeology of the valley make it difficult to identify the natural causes of arsenic poisoning. Samples from the different rock outcrops and water from wells tapping various rock formations were analyzed. The rocks from mineralized areas contained higher concentrations of arsenic with respect to the same formations in non-mineralized areas. The arsenic minerals arsenopyrite, scorodite, and tennantite were identified in some rock samples. Higher temperature and lower Eh values were found for those wells containing more arsenic. The physicochemical characteristics of these naturally polluted well waters could be produced by arsenopyrite oxidation. The geochemical model PHREEQCI was used to perform the inverse modeling of two wells located along the same fault. Arsenopyrite oxidation and scorodite dissolution appear to be the geochemical processes producing the natural pollution according to the model. The release and transport of arsenic mainly occur through fractures within the cretaceous limestones where the most productive wells are drilled. The presence of arsenic should be expected also in other formations near mineralized zones in the Zimapán Valley. Field determinations of Eh and T could be used to detect potentially polluted wells. Received: 29 April 1999 / Accepted: 18 July 2000  相似文献   

Application of a solute transport model under variable velocity conditions in a conduit flow aquifer: Olalde karst system, Basque Country, Spain     

Tomás Morales-Juberías  Martín Olazar  Jose María Arandes  Pedro Zafra  Iñaki Antigüedad  Félix Basauri 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):143-151

A model based on numerical solutions, which allows for solving the dispersion equation under variable recharge and velocity conditions, is developed to simulate solute transport in conduit flow aquifers during flow recession periods. As an example, the evolution of a tracer in the little known karst conduit that links the sinking stream of Oma valley to the Olalde spring is investigated in the karstic region of Santa Eufemia-Ereñozar (Basque Country, Spain). The model, with different hypothetical structures, allows for obtaining series of tracer breakthrough curves, which are fitted to experimental data using an optimization algorithm. These results, although they can be used to simulate the tracer evolution between the two points considered, do not allow for determining the internal structure and spatial disposition of contributions in the aquifer.  相似文献   

Luminosity profiles and the contraction of radiating spheres in general relativity     

R. Aquilano  W. Barreto  L. A. Núñez 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,225(2):167-181

A semi-numeric method by Herrera, Jiménez and Ruggeri is used to study the evolution of general relativistic spheres in the free streaming radiation approximation when specific contraction schemes are imposed and for particular oscillatory radiation profiles. On one hand, the emerging radiation is studied for oscillating contracting spheres, on the other, the variation of the boundary surface is analyzed when a pulsating profile is provided. We considered three particular equations of state previously studied. It is found that the oscillatory frequency of the surface for the equations of state considered coincide with the frequency of the oscillation for the radiation profile.  相似文献