Rheological properties of Na-smectite gels used for rock sealing     

Lennart B  rgesson  Anders Fredrikson 《Engineering Geology》1990,28(3-4):431-441

The use of Na-smectite clay gels for sealing rock fractures is studied in phase 3 of the Strips project. The rheological properties of these gels and the mathematical formulations necessary to simulate the behaviour are presented in this article, including the breakdown of the structure at small strains as well as the flow behaviour of the vibrated and unvibrated gel.

An important conclusion is that the flow properties of an unvibrated gel do not follow Newton's classical viscosity law, while the shear resistance of the gel affected by vibrations is strongly reduced and the flow behaviour is Newtonian.  相似文献   

Do stony meteorites come from comets?     

Edward Anders 《Icarus》1975,24(3):363-371

The place of origin of stony meteorites can be determined from their trapped solar-wind gases. “Gas-rich” meteorites have only 10^?3?10^?4 the solar noble gas content and ?10^?2?10^?4 the surface exposure age of lunar soils. These differences suggest that the gas implantation took place between 1 and 8 AU from the Sun, in a region where the cratering rate was 10²?10³ times higher than at 1 AU. Both characteristics point to the asteroid belt. The predicted Ne²⁰ content a gas-rich meteorite formed at 2.5 AU is 1.2 × 10^?5 cc STP g^?1, compared to an observed mean for H-chondrites of 0.5 × 10^?5 cc STP g^?1. The observed prevalence of gas-rich meteorites (40–100% among carbonaceous chondrites, 2–33% among other classes) requires that the parent body remained long enough in the asteroid belt to develop a substantial regolith. This condition can be met by asteroids (～ 10% of mass converted to regolith.in 4.5 × 10⁹ yr), but not by short period comets (～0.04% converted in 10⁷ yr). It appears that a cometary origin can be ruled out for all stony meteorite clases that have gas-rich members. This includes carbonaceous chondrites.  相似文献   

Fish are attracted to vessels   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rostad  Anders; Kaartvedt  Stein; Klevjer  Thor A.; Melle  Webjorn 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(8):1431-1437

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Molecular investigations into pollutant impact on roundnose grenadier (C. rupestris) and transplanted common mussel (M. edulis) in Skagerrak, the North Sea     

Lars Frlin  David R. Livingstone  Kerstin Magnusson  Laurence D. Peters  Montserrat Sol  Anders Sjlin  ke Granmo 《Marine environmental research》1996,42(1-4)

The use of a suite of different biochemical markers in the deep sea fish Roundnose grenadier and caged common mussels, and analyses of contaminant levels in the mussels, indicate that Skagerrak are more polluted than waters around the Faroe Islands. In Roundnose, induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) is consistent with increased benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) in mussels and elevated levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussels and sediment from Skagerrak. This evidence of a large-scale environmental impact of pollutants should lead to further efforts to decrease transport into, and deposition of, waste compounds in the Skagerrak area.  相似文献   

Fish Behaviour in Exploited Ecosystems: Preface     

Ferno  Anders; Lokkeborg  Svein; Hollingworth  C.E. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(7):1029

I don't know. The editor did it when I was away.Rupert MurdochGuardian, 25 February 1994 It is an honour to edit the proceedings of this successful InternationalSymposium and we thank ICES for the invitation. The editingwas very much a team effort. The choice of referees and selectionof papers rested  相似文献   

Subfractionation of the head and trunk kidneys of the northern pike (Esox lucius)     

Lennart Balk  Susanne Mnr  Joseph W. DePierre  Anders Bergstrand 《Marine environmental research》1984,14(1-4)

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Epidemiology of fish diseases in the Wadden Sea     

Moller  H.; Anders  K. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1992,49(2):199-208

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Fluxes of iron and manganese across the sediment–water interface under various redox conditions     

Svetlana V. Pakhomova  Per O.J. Hall  Mikhail Yu. Kononets  Alexander G. Rozanov  Anders Tengberg  Andrei V. Vershinin 《Marine Chemistry》2007

Fluxes of dissolved forms of iron and manganese across the sediment–water interface were studied in situ in the Gulf of Finland and the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea), and in the Golubaya Bay (Black Sea) from 2001 to 2005. Fluxes were measured using chamber incubations, and sediment cores were collected and sliced to assess the porewater and solid phase metal distribution at different depths. Measured and calculated benthic fluxes of manganese and iron were directed out of sediment for all sites and were found to vary between 70–4450 and 5–1000 µmole m^− 2 day^− 1 for manganese and iron, respectively. The behavior of the studied metals at various redox conditions in the near-bottom water and in the sediment was the main focus in this study. Our results show the importance of bottom water redox conditions for iron fluxes. We measured no fluxes at oxic conditions, intermediate fluxes at anoxic conditions (up to 200 μmole m^− 2 day^− 1) and high fluxes at suboxic conditions (up to 1000 μmole m^− 2 day^− 1). Total dissolved iron fluxes were generally dominated by iron(II). Contribution of iron(III) to the total iron flux did not exceed 20%. Obtained fluxes of manganese at all studied regions showed a linear correlation (r² = 0.97) to its concentration in the porewater of the top sediment layer (0–5 mm) and did not depend on dissolved oxygen concentrations of bottom water. Organically complexed iron and manganese were in most cases not involved in the benthic exchange processes.  相似文献   

On lipid surface films on the sea. I. A simple method for sampling and studies of composition     

Kåre Larsson  Göran Odham  Anders Södergren 《Marine Chemistry》1974,2(1):49-57

A method for collection of surface films on the sea has been developed and tested at various places along the Swedish West Coast. Considerable amounts of lipids on the sea surface were found even when no seaslicks were observed. Triglycerides, free fatty acids, and wax esters are the dominating constituents, and there are characteristic deviations in the fatty-acid patterns compared to the corresponding lipids dissolved in the sub-surface water. Organochlorine residues, phthalic acid esters and heavy metals also occur in considerable amounts.  相似文献   

Assessment of water exchange between a discharge region and the open sea – A comparison of different methodological concepts     

Kristofer Ds  Anders Engqvist 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):709

Two different methods of estimating the water exchange through the Baltic coastal region of Laxemar have been used, consisting of particle trajectories and passive tracers. Water is traced from and to a small discharge region near the coast. The discharge material in this region is treated as zero-dimensional particles or tracers with neutral buoyancy. The real discharge material could be a leakage of radio-nuclides through the sea floor from an underground repository of nuclear waste.Water exchange rates between the discharge region and the model domain are estimated using both forward and backward trajectories as well as passive tracers. The Lagrangian trajectories can account for the time evolution of the water exchange while the tracers give one average age per model grid box. Water exchange times such as residence time, age and transient times have been calculated with trajectories but only the average age (AvA) for tracers. The trajectory calculations provide a more detailed time evolution than the tracers.On the other hand the tracers are integrated “on-line” simultaneously in the sea circulation model with the same time step while the Lagrangian trajectories are integrated “off-line” from the stored model velocities with its inherent temporal resolution, presently 1 h. The sub-grid turbulence is parameterised as the Laplacian diffusion for the passive tracers and with an extra stochastic velocity for trajectories. The importance of the parameterised sub-grid turbulence for the trajectories is estimated to give an extra diffusion of the same order as the Laplacian diffusion by comparing the Lagrangian dispersions with and without parameterisation. The results of the different methods are similar but depend on the chosen diffusivity coefficient with a slightly higher correlation between trajectories and tracers when integrated with a lower diffusivity coefficient.  相似文献