A universal thermal equation-of-state     

Orson L. Anderson 《Journal of Geodynamics》1984,1(2)

Evidence has steadily accumulated to show that at high temperatures (above the Debye temperature, θ) the thermal pressure, P_TH, of solids, is linear with T to a close approximation. This empirical finding yields a simple relationship between P, V, and T quite useful for the computation of the equation-of-state (EOS). For geophysical applications, the empirical data is, so far, limited to a few minerals, all of which are important to our geophysical models of the Earth. The same results have been found for a variety of types of solids, including alkali metals, noble gas solids, alkali halides and metals in addition to minerals. It is argued that the linearity between P_TH and T is a general high-temperature property of solids. This includes minerals. Thus it is proposed that there exists a common thermal EOS which transcends the chemical bonding type and crystallographic class.  相似文献   

Kolmogorov constants for CO2, wind velocity,air temperature,and humidity fluctuations over a crop surface     

Shashi B. Verma  Dean E. Anderson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1984,28(1-2):161-167

The Kolmogorov constants for CO₂, wind velocity, air temperature, and humidity fluctuations were evaluated from measurements made over soybean and grain sorghum fields and found to be 0.78 ± 0.11, 0.49 ± 0.08, 0.70 ± 0.15, and 0.99 ± 0.16, respectively. These results are consistent with recent observations reported in the literature.Published as Paper No. 7255, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. The work reported here was conducted under Regional Research Project 11-33 and Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Project 27-003.Associate Professor and Post Doctoral Research Associate, respectively, Center for Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A., 68583-0728.  相似文献   

Suction-controlled triaxial testing: Laboratory procedures in relation to resistance envelope methods     

M. G. Anderson  M. J. Kemp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(6):649-654

In certain tropical slopes it appears possible that soil suction may play a significant role in maintaining stability. This communication outlines a laboratory suction-controlled triaxial test that can be undertaken to validate the threshold suction predicted by resistance envelope methods. It is shown that for two sites examined in St. Lucia, West Indies, the results from such a test confirm results obtained by use of resistance envelopes.  相似文献   

Investigation of Aldicarb in Ground Water in Selected Areas of the Central Sand Plain of Wisconsin     

E. R. Rothschild  R. J. Manser  M. P. Anderson 《Ground water》1982,20(4):437-445

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The contribution of throughflow to storm runoff: An evaluation of a chemical mixing model     

M. G. Anderson  T. P. Burt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1982,7(6):565-574

The contribution of throughflow to storm runoff is examined using a chemical mixing model. The results predict that throughflow is an important component of storm runoff particularly during the period of stream recession. Supporting hydrological data suggests that a major throughflow input occurs coincident with the stream discharge peak. The two sets of results therefore conflict in the predicted timing of the throughflow response.  相似文献   

Southeast and Southern England. The geomorphology of the British Isles | D.K.C. Jones, 1981. Methuen,London, 332 pp.     

M.G. Anderson 《Earth》1982,18(1):79-80

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Concentration,vertical flux,and remineralization of particulate uranium in seawater     

Robert F. Anderson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(7):1293-1299

Concentrations and fluxes of particulate U were measured throughout the water column at several locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans with in situ filtration systems and sediment traps. The results indicate that dissolved U is fixed to particles in surface seawater. Organic matter appears to be the carrier phase. Formation of particulate authigenic U below the surface waters could not be detected. Authigenic U is remineralized within the bathypelagic layers at the open ocean sites studied. In the Panama Basin, an upwelling area with high biological productivity, remineralization of authigenic U in the deep water column was not observed. The rate of remineralization of authigenic U in the deep sea is insufficient to produce a measurable concentration gradient between surface and deep waters within the mixing time of the oceans. Formation of authigenic U in the water column in areas such as the Panama Basin is not a significant sink for U on an ocean wide basis.  相似文献   

Petrology of a portion of the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone,Southern California     

James R. Anderson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1983,84(2-3):253-271

Peraluminous and metaluminous plutonic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges batholith near Borrego Springs in southern California were mylonitized in the large shear zone known as the eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone (EPRMZ). Accompanying mylonitization in this portion of the EPRMZ was metamorphism at intermediate-low-pressure amphibolite-facies conditions. Deformation in the zone overlapped in time with Cretaceous intrusion of the batholith. In the San Ysidro Mountain — Pinyon Ridge area, four north-south trending zones of differing intensity of deformation have been defined; from east to west the degree and style of deformation gradually change from undeformed or weakly deformed rocks to strongly mylonitized rocks. Electron microprobe analysis shows that recrystallized hornblende, biotite, and plagioclase are variable in composition, probably reflecting a range of metamorphic conditions accompanying deformation. Comparison of mineral compositions with those from mafic schists of Vermont suggests conditions ranged from andalusite-staurolite through sillimanite-muscovite grades as defined for pelitic rocks. Stability of muscovite+quartz in mylonite assemblages and lack of remelting of granitic rocks indicate that temperature did not exceed about 650° C during mylonitization and lithostatic pressure did not exceed about 5 kbar. Over time, any given rock volume experienced a range of temperature, lithostatic pressure, and perhaps fluid pressure and differential stress. Mineral reactions in the zone involved hydration, requiring introduction of water. The possibility of large-scale migration of K and Fe is suggested by whole-rock chemical data. Brittle and ductile deformation features are closely associated in one part of the EPRMZ. The combined evidence suggests the presence of a pore fluid with fluid pressure close to lithostatic pressure. Short periods of low fluid pressure and possible high differential stress cannot be ruled out.  相似文献   

Alteration of oceanic crust and geologic cycling of chlorine and water   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Emi Ito  David M Harris  Alfred T Anderson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(9):1613-1624

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Autoxidation of N(III), S(IV), and other Species in Frozen Solution – A Possible Pathway for Enhanced Chemical Transformation in Freezing Systems     

Eric A. Betterton  Darcy J. Anderson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,40(2):171-189

The chemistry of glycolaldehyde (hydroxyacetaldehyde) relevant to the troposphere has been investigated using UV absorption spectrometry and FTIR absorption spectrometry in an environmental chamber. Quantitative UV absorption spectra have been obtained for the first time. The UV spectrum peaks at 277 nm with a maximum cross section of (5.5± 0.7)×10^–20 cm² molecule^–1. Studies of the ultraviolet photolysis of glycolaldehyde ( = 285 ± 25 nm) indicated that the overall quantum yield is > 0.5 in one bar of air, with the major products being CH₂OH and HCO radicals. Rate coefficients for the reactions of Cl atoms and OH radicals with glycolaldehyde have been determined to be (7.6± 1.5)×10^–11 and (1.1± 0.3)×10^–11 cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1, respectively, in good agreement with the only previous study. The lifetime of glycolaldehyde in the atmosphere is about 1.0 day for reaction with OH, and > 2.5 days for photolysis, although both wet and dry deposition should also be considered in future modeling studies.  相似文献