全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1355篇 |
免费 | 54篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 42篇 |
大气科学 | 210篇 |
地球物理 | 294篇 |
地质学 | 570篇 |
海洋学 | 39篇 |
天文学 | 199篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
自然地理 | 60篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 31篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 67篇 |
2013年 | 86篇 |
2012年 | 64篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 80篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 62篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1938年 | 4篇 |
1937年 | 7篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
1933年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1420条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
61.
Andreas J. Kappos 《地震工程与结构动力学》1991,20(2):177-190
An analytical methodology for estimating the values of behaviour factors (q-factors), suggested in a companion paper, is applied to two typical reinforced concrete structures, a frame and a dual system, designed according to current European trends in seismic design. The two case studies clearly indicated the need to consider both local and overall collapse criteria, since either one can be critical for the determination of the behaviour factor, depending on the type of the structure. The calculated values of q-factors were close to, but higher than those specified by modern seismic codes, the larger discrepancy occurring in the case of the dual system. 相似文献
62.
On the influence of the physico-chemical properties of aerosols on the life cycle of radiation fogs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Andreas Bott 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1991,56(1-2):1-31
A one-dimensional model of radiation fog with detailed microphysics is presented. Aerosols and cloud droplets are treated in a joint two-dimensional size distribution. Radiative fluxes are calculated as functions of the radiative properties of the time-dependent particle spectra. The droplet growth equation is solved by considering radiative effects. Turbulence is treated by means of a higher order closure model. The interaction between the atmosphere and the earth's surface is explicitly simulated.Three numerical sensitivity studies are performed to investigate the impact of the different physico-chemical properties of urban, rural and maritime aerosols on fog formation. Numerical results elucidate that depending on the aerosol type used, the resulting fog events are completely different. This is particularly true for the times of fog formation and dissipation as well as for the liquid water content and supersaturations within the fogs. In the activated part of the particle spectra, the aerosol mass is very inhomogeneously distributed. The maxima of the curves do not coincide with the maxima of the corresponding liquid water distributions. 相似文献
63.
Wolfgang Junkermann Ulrich Platt Andreas Volz-Thomas 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,8(3):203-227
Photoelectric detectors for the measurement of photolysis frequencies of different trace gases in the atmosphere are described. They exhibit uniform response characteristics over one hemisphere (2 sr) and wavelength characteristics closely matched to those of the photolysis frequencies J
O1D, J
NO2, and J
NO3, respectively. Absolute calibration of the J
O1D detector was performed by chemical actinometry with an accuracy of ±16 percent. Simultaneous measurements of J
NO2 and J
O1D are presented. 相似文献
64.
H. G. Richter Dr. 《GeoJournal》1984,8(1):67-74
Types and pattern of land use in the GDR are controlled both by the historical development and the strong influences of technological, social and political alterations during the last four decades. Owing to these factors and the favourable natural conditions the share of non-arable area is small. The two basic features of land transformation are land use alteration and intensification. Compared to other European countries the first process lies on the average. It is still remarkable because most alterations of land use drastically reduce the agricultural area. Intensification consequently is the main type of land transformation in all sections of regional development. In most cases the benefit of strong intensification serves to particular users. Therefore various by-effects arise like pollution, contamination, blocking and devastating of renewable natural resources. Under the auspices of long term rationalization land transformation must be accompanied by the development of a dense network of protective measures and reservation areas, and in addition by different types for multiple utilization of renewable natural resources. At present complicated systems of land use are in evolution. 相似文献
65.
A theory for the scalar roughness and the scalar transfer coefficients over snow and sea ice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Edgar L. Andreas 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1987,38(1-2):159-184
Although the bulk aerodynamic transfer coefficients for sensible (C
H
) and latent (C
E
) heat over snow and sea ice surfaces are necessary for accurately modeling the surface energy budget, they have been measured rarely. This paper, therefore, presents a theoretical model that predicts neutral-stability values of C
H
and C
E
as functions of the wind speed and a surface roughness parameter. The crux of the model is establishing the interfacial sublayer profiles of the scalars, temperature and water vapor, over aerodynamically smooth and rough surfaces on the basis of a surface-renewal model in which turbulent eddies continually scour the surface, transferring scalar contaminants across the interface by molecular diffusion. Matching these interfacial sublayer profiles with the semi-logarithmic inertial sublayer profiles yields the roughness lengths for temperature and water vapor. When coupled with a model for the drag coefficient over snow and sea ice based on actual measurements, these roughness lengths lead to the transfer coefficients. C
E
is always a few percent larger than CH. Both decrease monotonically with increasing wind speed for speeds above 1 m s–1, and both increase at all wind speeds as the surface gets rougher. Both, nevertheless, are almost always between 1.0 × 10–3 and 1.5 × 10–3. 相似文献
66.
Martin Wessels Angela Lenhard Federico Giovanoli Andreas Bollhöfer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1995,57(4):291-304
Sediments in Lake Constance have been dated by radiometric methods and lamination counting. Investigations into the concentrations of lead and zinc in the sediments were carried out to get detailed information about environmental history. Maximum concentrations were found at the beginning of the 1960's. The lead maximum contamination occurred 3 years before the zinc maximum and has an unidentified source. The use of coal, leaded gasoline or the remobilization within the sediment could be excluded to result in the lead maximum. The fluctuations in zinc contamination could be explained with increasing and decreasing pollution (industry, coal burning, building of sewage plants). The greatest fluctuations of both metals occur during periods of great change in the economic history of Germany. 相似文献
67.
Erhard Wielandt Andreas Sigg Axel Plešinger Josef Horálek Reviewer K. Pěč 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1987,31(1):1-7
Summary Phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves have been measured between the broadband seismic stations KHC (Kaperské Hory, South Bohemia) and KSP (Ksi, Lower Silesia), a profile that nearly coincides with the Interactional DSS Profile VII. The data for both wave types were separately inverted into models of shear-wave velocity versus depth. Novotný's model KHKS 82[1] for the DSS Profile VII was used as a start model. While the crustal section of Novotný's model is compatible with both of our data sets, our Rayleigh-wave data require smaller shear-wave velocities, on the average by 0.24 km/s, in the top 180 km of the mantle. The average difference between Novotný's model and our Love-wave model in that depth range is only 0.06 km/s. If our identification of the observed Love waves as the fundamental mode is correct, this result indicates the presence of polarization anisotropy in the uppermost mantle.
u a mu u a ¶rt; unu uuu mauu (an , a u) u S (, ua uu). u - S nuuum mmmm ¶rt;a¶rt; nu VII . a ¶rt; u mun m¶rt; umua ¶rt;u auumu mu nn mu. am mam¶rt;u a unaa ¶rt; S 82 m[1] ¶rt; nu VII . a am ¶rt;u m aua uu aau au ¶rt;a, ¶rt;a au ¶rt;a ¶rt; mm uu m nn — ¶rt; a 0,24 / 180 uma amuu. ¶rt;a aua ¶rt; ¶rt; m u a ¶rt; ¶rt; a m ¶rt;uanau n¶rt;mam 0,06 /. u aa u¶rt;muuau a¶rt;a a a ¶rt;ama ¶rt;a m nau, m mm mam u¶rt;ummm numuu nuau aumnuu amuu.相似文献
68.
69.
Sebastian Hinsken Kamil Ustaszewski Andreas Wetzel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(6):979-1002
Eocene to Early Oligocene syn-rift deposits of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) accumulated in restricted environments.
Sedimentation was controlled by local clastic supply from the graben flanks, as well as by strong intra-basinal variations
in accommodation space due to differential tectonic subsidence, that in turn led to pronounced lateral variations in depositional
environment. Three large-scale cycles of intensified evaporite sedimentation were interrupted by temporary changes towards
brackish or freshwater conditions. They form three major base level cycles that can be traced throughout the basin, each of
them representing a stratigraphic sub-unit. A relatively constant amount of horizontal extension (ΔL) in the range of 4–5 km has been estimated for the URG from numerous cross-sections. The width of the rift (L
f
), however, varies between 35 and more than 60 km, resulting in a variable crustal stretching factor between the bounding
masterfaults. Apart from block tilting, tectonic subsidence was, therefore, largely controlled by changes in the initial rift
width (L
0). The along-strike variations of the graben width are responsible for the development of a deep, trough-like evaporite basin
(Potash Basin) in the narrowest part of the southern URG, adjacent to shallow areas in the wider parts of the rift such as
the Colmar Swell in the north and the Rhine Bresse Transfer Zone that delimits the URG to the south. Under a constant amount
of extension, the along-strike variation in rift width is the principal factor controlling depo-centre development in extensional
basins. 相似文献
70.