Erratum to: Investigation of the geochemical impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater: design and implementation of a CO2 injection test in Northeast Germany     

Anita Peter  Hendrik Lamert  Matthias Beyer  Götz Hornbruch  Ben Heinrich  Alexandra Schulz  Helmut Geistlinger  Bernd Schreiber  Peter Dietrich  Ulrike Werban  Carsten Vogt  Hans-Hermann Richnow  Jochen Großmann  Andreas Dahmke 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(6):2123-2123

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中国西部生态环境变化与对策建议   总被引：74，自引：6，他引：74  

秦大河  丁一汇  王绍武  王苏民  董光荣  林而达  刘春蓁  佘之祥  孙惠南  王守荣  伍光和 《地球科学进展》2002,17(3):314-319

中国西部地区生态环境的历史演变过程与未来可能变化趋势是科学界面对的一大难题,正确认识西部地区生态环境的演变过程与变化趋势,是西部地区社会经济可持续发展必须面对的课题,是正确制定西部大开发战略方针的重要科学基础。依托中国科学院牵头完成的《中国西部环境演变评估》研究成果,介绍了中国西部地区生态环境演变的主要特征与基本事实,主要强调近50年来全球变暖与人类活动在西部生态环境演变中的重要作用;指出未来的气候与环境变化对西部地区的经济社会发展将产生重要影响;提出了西部地区生态保护与可持续发展的对策与建议,指出西部地区的生态建设必须综合治理、突出重点,特别强调要强化对西部地区的科学研究,为西部大开发服务。  相似文献   

Explosive erosion during the Phoenix landing exposes subsurface water on Mars     

Manish Mehta  Nilton O. Renno  John Marshall  Anita Sengupta  Jasper F. Kok  Raymond E. Arvidson  Mark T. Lemmon 《Icarus》2011,211(1):172-194

While steady thruster jets caused only modest surface erosion during previous spacecraft landings on the Moon and Mars, the pulsed jets from the Phoenix spacecraft led to extensive alteration of its landing site on the martian arctic, exposed a large fraction of the subsurface water ice under the lander, and led to the discovery of evidence for liquid saline water on Mars. Here we report the discovery of the ‘explosive erosion’ process that led to this extensive erosion. We show that the impingement of supersonic pulsed jets fluidizes porous soils and forms cyclic shock waves which propagate through the soil and produce erosion rates more than an order of magnitude larger than that of other jet-induced processes. The understanding of ‘explosive erosion’ allows the calculation of bulk physical properties of the soils altered by it, provides insight into a new behavior of granular flow at extreme conditions and explains the rapid alteration of the Phoenix landing site’s ground morphology at the northern arctic plains of Mars.  相似文献   

利用地电化学法寻找隐伏铅、锌、银多金属矿 ——以内蒙古阿巴嘎旗陶勒盖矿区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘秀娟  罗先熔  郑小明  李彦伟  黄学强  李兆宜  华二 《地质通报》2012,31(1):143-150

通过对内蒙古阿巴嘎旗哈达特陶勒盖矿区开展地电化学勘查寻找隐伏铅、锌、银多金属矿的研究,确定地电化学勘查在该地区有效。圈出Pb、Zn、Ag等多个异常区,综合各异常和以往的工作成果,确定在该地区具有一定的寻找隐伏铅、锌、银多金属矿的找矿潜力。共圈定出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个综合异常区,并划分为A、B、C三类异常靶区,为该区的找矿预测指明了方向。  相似文献   

煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况与评价——以鲁西南煤炭基地为例     

郝启勇  尹儿琴  隋建红  曹学江  李超 《山东地质》2012,(9):37-39,42

通过对鲁西南煤炭基地若干混堆的煤矸石山周围耕作层土壤的实际调查及分析测试资料,研究了煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况。结果表明,土壤局部已经受到Cd、Ni的污染,但未出现多金属复合污染状况。煤矸石堆附近土壤已经受到采矿等人类活动的影响,其中Cd,Hg的人为影响最大。从8种重金属元素含量随深度的变化曲线形态来看,Hg,Cd2种元素与Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,As6种元素曲线形态显示差异性,Hg,Cd元素在土壤中赋存、迁移等应具特殊性,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for Messina Strait Area (Sicily, Italy)     

Grezio Anita  Laura Sandri  Warner Marzocchi  Andrea Argnani  Paolo Gasparini  Jacopo Selva 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):329-358

The general modular Bayesian procedure is applied to provide a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) for the Messina Strait Area (MSA), Italy. This is the first study in an Italian area where the potential tsunamigenic events caused by both submarine seismic sources (SSSs) and submarine mass failures (SMFs) are examined in a probabilistic assessment. The SSSs are localized on active faults in MSA as indicated by the instrumental data of the catalogue of the Italian seismicity; the SMFs are spatially identified using their propensity to failure in the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas on the basis of mean slope and mean depth, and using marine geology background knowledge. In both cases the associated probability of occurrence is provided. The run-ups were calculated at key sites that are main cities and/or important sites along the Eastern Sicily and the Southern Calabria coasts where tsunami events were recorded in the past. The posterior probability distribution combines the prior probability and the likelihood calculated in the MSA. The prior probability is based on the physical model of the tsunami process, and the likelihood is based on the historical data collected by the historical catalogues, background knowledge, and marine geological information. The posterior SSSs and SMFs tsunami probabilities are comparable and are combined to produce a final probability for a full PTHA in MSA.  相似文献   

利用地电化学法寻找隐伏铅、锌、银多金属矿——以内蒙古阿巴嘎旗陶勒盖矿区为例     

刘秀娟  罗先熔  郑小明  夺彦伟  黄学强  李兆宜  化二 《中国区域地质》2012,(1):143-150

通过对内蒙古阿巴嘎旗哈达特陶勒盖矿区开展地电化学勘查寻找隐伏铅、锌、银多金属矿的研究,确定地电化学勘查在该地区有效。圈出Pb、Zn、Ag等多个异常区．综合各异常和以往的工作成果,确定在该地区具有一定的寻找隐伏铅、锌、银多金属矿的找矿潜力。共圈定出I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV四个综合异常区,并划分为A、B、c三类异常靶区,为该区的找矿预测指明了方向。  相似文献   

Correlation of welded ignimbrites on Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily) using paleomagnetism     

Fabio Speranza  Anita Di Chiara  Silvio G. Rotolo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(2):341-357

Although the oldest volcanic rocks exposed at Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily) are older than 300 ka, most of the island is covered by the 45–50 ka Green Tuff ignimbrite, thought to be related to the Cinque Denti caldera, and younger lavas and scoria cones. Pre-50 ka rocks (predominantly rheomorphic ignimbrites) are exposed at isolated sea cliffs, and their stratigraphy and chronology are not completely resolved. Based on volcanic stratigraphy and K/Ar dating, it has been proposed that the older La Vecchia caldera is related to ignimbrite Q (114 ka), and that ignimbrites F, D, and Z (106, 94, and 79 ka, respectively) were erupted after caldera formation. We report here the paleomagnetic directions obtained from 23 sites in ignimbrite P (133 ka) and four younger ignimbrites, and from an uncorrelated (and loosely dated) welded lithic breccia thought to record a caldera-forming eruption. The paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field recorded by ignimbrites is used as correlative tool, with an estimated time resolution in the order of 100 years. We find that ignimbrites D and Z correspond, in good agreement with recent Ar/Ar ages constraining the D/Z eruption to 87 ka. The welded lithic breccia correlates with a thinner breccia lying just below ignimbrite P at another locality, implying that collapse of the La Vecchia caldera took place at ~130–160 ka. This caldera was subsequently buried by ignimbrites P, Q, F, and D/Z. Paleomagnetic data also show that the northern caldera margin underwent a ~10° west–northwest (outwards) tilting after emplacement of ignimbrite P, possibly recording magma resurgence in the crust.  相似文献   

双重介质水平井产量递减分析方法     

罗二辉  胡永乐  王磊  曹晨 《现代地质》2013,27(6):1440

水平井开发特殊类型油气藏有其独到优势,针对双重孔隙介质水平井复杂渗流,以Warren-Root双重介质模型为基础,建立了水平井三维不稳定渗流模型,采用Laplace变换、有限Fourier余弦变换及叠加积分等方法对模型进行求解,获得定产条件下无量纲井底压力解,再利用Duhamel褶积原理将定产条件压力解变换为井底定压条件下的产量解;通过重新定义无量纲量建立McCray型产量积分平均递减方程,结合Stehfest数值反演,获得无量纲产量积分平均递减曲线及其导数曲线图版。计算结果表明,产量积分平均导数曲线上出现双重介质特有的“凹子”, 应用该类图版拟合生产数据可方便进行产量预测及储层动态参数求取。  相似文献   

Morphological colour change in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in response to background colour and UV light     

Michael F. Tlusty  Anita Metzler  Sara Huckabone  Sutara Suanda  Saskia Guerrier 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):247-255

American lobster (Homarus americanus) have a thick calcified cuticle, and do not exhibit rapid colour changes characteristic of other crustaceans. Thus, the plasticity of their coloration has been largely overlooked. Colour in lobsters is determined by the amount, location, and form of the carotenoid pigment astaxanthin, and it is possible for lobsters to alter colour by changing one of these characteristics of astaxanthin deposition. Here, short‐term colour variation in American lobster in response to environmental cues (background colour and ultraviolet (UV) light) was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Lobsters were reared in conditions controlling background colour (white, black) and UV light (present, absent). Digital photographic analysis was used to determine how these conditions influenced the luminescence (light or dark) of lobster colour, as well as the ratio of red to blue hues. Of the environmental variables considered within this experiment, UV light was the predominant factor, and caused lobsters to become darker in colour. In the absence of UV light, lobsters matched background colour, and turned darker in response to the darker background. Environmental matching has practical implications both for wild lobsters as they settle to the benthic habitat, and for enhancement programmes, to grow lobsters that are best suited for local habitats.  相似文献