Photogrammetric Reconstruction of the Great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan     

Armin Grün  Fabio Remondino  Li Zhang 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(107):177-199

In the valley of Bamiyan, Afghanistan, approximately 1700 years ago, two large standing Buddha statues were carved out of the sedimentary rock of the region. They were 53 and 38 m high and the larger one figured as the tallest representation of a standing Buddha in the world. In March 2001 the Taleban government militia demolished the colossal statues. After the destruction a group from ETH Zürich completed the computer reconstruction of the Great Buddha, which can serve as the basis for a physical reconstruction. This paper reports the results of the image-based 3D reconstruction of the statue, performed on three different data-sets in parallel and using different photogrammetric techniques and algorithms.  相似文献   

Prediction of river flow using hybrid neuro-fuzzy models     

Armin Azad  Saeed Farzin  Hamed Kashi  Hadi Sanikhani  Hojat Karami  Ozgur Kisi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(22):718

The complex nature of hydrological phenomena, like rainfall and river flow, causes some limitations for some admired soft computing models in order to predict the phenomenon. Evolutionary algorithms (EA) are novel methods that used to cover the weaknesses of the classic training algorithms, such as trapping in local optima, poor performance in networks with large parameters, over-fitting, and etc. In this study, some evolutionary algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization for continuous domain (ACO_R), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), have been used to train adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in order to predict river flow. For this purpose, classic and hybrid ANFIS models were trained using river flow data obtained from upstream stations to predict 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day ahead river flow of downstream station. The best inputs were selected using correlation coefficient and a sensitivity analysis test (cosine amplitude). The results showed that PSO improved the performance of classic ANFIS in all the periods such that the averages of coefficient of determination, R², root mean square error, RMSE (m³/s), mean absolute relative error, MARE, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) were improved up to 0.19, 0.30, 43.8, and 0.13%, respectively. Classic ANFIS was only capable to predict river flow in 1-day ahead while EA improved this ability to 5-day ahead. Cosine amplitude method was recognized as an appropriate sensitivity analysis method in order to select the best inputs.  相似文献   

Full scale wake and boundary layer instrumentation feasibility study     

Vernon A. Phelps  Research Scientist  Project Director  Armin W. Troesch  Assistant Research Scientist  John P. Hackett  Graduate Research Assistant 《Ocean Engineering》1980,7(2):281-304

Fluid-flow measuring devices intended for full scale use were designed and tested. One device consisted of a rake supporting different types of pitot tubes. This will be used to obtain a velocity profile of the boundary layer of a test ship. The other device was a five-hole pitot tube that was used in a wake survey. The pressure transport medium (i.e. the medium that carried the pressure signal from the pitot tube to the pressure transducer) was air instead of water. This proved to be successful, as the results indicate.  相似文献   

Migrations of the mackerel in the northern North Sea and in the Skagerak     

Lindquist  Armin; Hannerz  Lennart 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1974,35(3):276-280

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Gorgan Bay:a microcosm for study on macrobenthos species-environment relationships in the southeastern Caspian Sea     

GHASEMI Amir Faraz  TAHERI Mehrsh  FOSHTOMI Maryam Yazdani  NORANIAN Maji  MIRA Seyed Sah  JAM Armin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):82-88

The relationship between spatial patterns of macrobenthos community characteristics and environmental conditions(salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, sand, silt and clay) was investigated throughout the Gorgan Bay in June 2010. Principal components analysis(PCA) based on environmental data separated eastern and western stations. The maximum(4500 ind./m²) and minimum(411 ind./m²) densities were observed at Stas 1 and 6, respectively. Polychaeta was the major group and Streblospio gynobranchiata was dominant species in the bay. According to Distance Based Linear Models results, macrofaunal total density was correlated with silt percentage and salinity and these two factors explaining 64% of the variability while macrofaunal community structure just correlated with salinity(22% total variation). In general, western part of the bay showed the highest number of species and biodiversity while, the highest density was found at Sta. 1 and in the middle part of the bay. Furthermore, relationship between diversity indices and macrobenthic species with measured factors is also discussed. Our results confirm the effect of salinity as an important factor on distribution of macrobenthic fauna in south Caspian brackish waters.  相似文献   

Bounding surface plasticity model for stress-strain and grain-crushing behaviors of rockfill materials     

Yang Xiao  Zengchun Sun  Armin WStuedlein  Chenggui Wang  Zhijun Wu  Zhichao Zhang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):495-510

Crushing of grains can greatly influence the strength,dilatancy,and stress-strain relationship of rockfill materials.The critical state line(CSL)in the void ratio versus mean effective stress plane was extended to the breakage critical state plane(BCSP).A state void-ratio-pressure index that incorporated the effect of grain crushing was proposed according to the BCSP.Rowe’s stress-dilatancy equation was modified by adding the breakage voidratio-pressure index,which was also incorporated into the formulations of the bounding stress ratio and plastic modulus.A BCSP-based bounding surface plasticity model was proposed to describe the state-dependent stressstrain behaviors and the evolution of grain crushing during shearing process of rockfill materials,and was shown to sufficiently capture the breakage phenomenon.  相似文献   

Sensor modeling,self-calibration and accuracy testing of panoramic cameras and laser scanners     

Jafar Amiri Parian  Armin Gruen 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(1):60-76

Terrestrial Linear Array CCD-based panoramic cameras have been used for purely imaging purposes, but they also have a high potential for use in high accuracy measurement applications. The imaging geometry and the high information content of those images make them suitable candidates for quantitative image analysis. For that a particular sensor model has to be established and the inherent accuracy potential has to be investigated. We developed a sensor model for terrestrial Linear Array-based panoramic cameras by means of a modified bundle adjustment with additional parameters, which models substantial deviations of a real camera from the ideal one. We used 3D straight-line information in addition to tie points to conduct a full calibration and orientation without control point information. Due to the similarity of the operation of laser scanners to panoramic cameras the sensor model of the panoramic cameras was extended for the self-calibration of laser scanners. We present the joint sensor model for panoramic cameras and laser scanners and the results of self-calibration, which indicate a subpixel accuracy level for such highly dynamic systems. Finally we demonstrate the systems’ accuracy of two typical panoramic cameras in 3D point positioning, using both a minimal number of control points and a free network adjustment. With these new panoramic imaging devices we have additional powerful sensors for image recording and efficient 3D object modeling.  相似文献   

Concentration of Ciprofloxacin in Brazilian Hospital Effluent and Preliminary Risk Assessment: A Case Study     

Ayrton F. Martins  Tibiriçá G. Vasconcelos  Danielle M. Henriques  Carla da S. Frank  Armin König  Klaus Kümmerer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(3):264-269

This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the effluent of the Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HUSM). Measured environmental concentrations (MECs) of CIP in the hospital wastewater, both before (P1) and after (P2) cesspit/filter system treatment (CFTS), were determined by means of solid phase extraction and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC‐FLD) and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (LC‐MS/MS). The MECs (n = 7 daily composed samples) were 19 to 155 μg L^–1 (average: 54 ± 21 μg L^–1) and 32 to 99 μg L^–1 (average: 65 ± 45 μg L^–1) in P1 and P2, respectively. No relevant removal was observed from P1 to P2. In a worst case scenario, the final effluent was regarded as MECs of surface water. These MECs were generally 5 to 20,000‐fold higher than what was previously known. If the present data is drawn on to form a model of the situation in developing countries, the picture provides a first rough indication that the environmental risk associated with the use and emission of pharmaceuticals into the environment in developing countries might be higher than in developed countries.  相似文献   

Chemicals in the Environment – the Need for a Clear Nomenclature: Parent Compounds,Metabolites, Transformation Products and Their Elimination     

Andreas Längin  Armin Schuster  Klaus Kümmerer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(4):349-350

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Spatial assessment of salinity and nitrate pollution in Amman Zarqa Basin: a case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mustafa Al Kuisi  Mohammed Al-Qinna  Armin Margane  Taiseer Aljazzar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(1):117-129

Intensive use of land resources in arid and semi-arid regions exert serious pressures on groundwater resources and jeopardize further socio-economical developments. The Amman-Zarqa Basin (AZB), the most vital basin in Jordan, is facing recent groundwater deterioration due to a very large increase in water demands for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The objectives of this paper were to quantify the degree of contamination in the basin by evaluating the characteristics, distribution and seasonal variations of two pollution indicators (nitrate concentration and salinity) and to determine the impacts of human activities (land use) on groundwater quality. Based upon long-term data (1970–2005) of groundwater samples collected from 538 wells across the AZB, spatial analyses indicated that both indicators have a strong spatial dependence and are anisotropically distributed. Prediction maps of Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging provided detailed indications of the major and minor sources of pollution in the basin. Inefficient wastewater treatment plants, industrial activities and agricultural practices were responsible for 91, 85, and 25% salinization of nearby wells, respectively. Nitrate pollution had reached 73% above threshold (50 mg/L) in some cases. The temporal analyses estimated the salinity buildup rate to be around 8 × 10⁻² μS/cm per day, while nitrate buildup rate was estimated to be around 6 × 10⁻² mg/L per day. Remote sensing and spatial analyses helped greatly in groundwater quality assessment not only in providing the environmental status of the AZB but also in delineating the potential of contamination risk zones and their correlation to human activities. Furthermore, the paper suggests some environmental protection strategies that should be adopted to protect the vital groundwater resources of the basin from further deterioration.  相似文献