全文获取类型
收费全文 | 163篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 4篇 |
地球物理 | 41篇 |
地质学 | 79篇 |
海洋学 | 16篇 |
天文学 | 27篇 |
自然地理 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有182条查询结果,搜索用时 875 毫秒
71.
Denis A. Belyaev Franck Montmessin Jean-Loup Bertaux Arnaud Mahieux Anna A. Fedorova Oleg I. Korablev Emmanuel Marcq Yuk L. Yung Xi Zhang 《Icarus》2012,217(2):740-751
New measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and monoxide (SO) in the atmosphere of Venus by SPICAV/SOIR instrument onboard Venus Express orbiter provide ample statistics to study the behavior of these gases above Venus’ clouds. The instrument (a set of three spectrometers) is capable to sound atmospheric structure above the clouds in several observation modes (nadir, solar and stellar occultations) either in the UV or in the near IR spectral ranges. We present the results from solar occultations in the absorption ranges of SO2 (190–230 nm, and at 4 μm) and SO (190–230 nm). The dioxide was detected by the SOIR spectrometer at the altitudes of 65–80 km in the IR and by the SPICAV spectrometer at 85–105 km in the UV. The monoxide’s absorption was measured only by SPICAV at 85–105 km. We analyzed 39 sessions of solar occultation, where boresights of both spectrometers are oriented identically, to provide complete vertical profiling of SO2 of the Venus’ mesosphere (65–105 km). Here we report the first firm detection and measurements of two SO2 layers. In the lower layer SO2 mixing ratio is within 0.02–0.5 ppmv. The upper layer, also conceivable from microwave measurements by Sandor et al. (Sandor, B.J., Todd Clancy, R., Moriarty-Schieven, G., Mills, F.P. [2010]. Icarus 208, 49–60) is characterized by SO2 increasing with the altitude from 0.05 to 2 ppmv, and the [SO2]/[SO] ratio varying from 1 to 5. The presence of the high-altitude SOx species could be explained by H2SO4 photodissociation under somewhat warmer temperature conditions in Venus mesosphere. At 90–100 km the content of the sulfur dioxide correlates with temperature increasing from 0.1 ppmv at 165–170 K to 0.5–1 ppmv at 190–192 K. It supports the hypothesis of SO2 production by the evaporation of H2SO4 from droplets and its subsequent photolysis at around 100 km. 相似文献
72.
Jantiene E. M. Baartman Wouter van Gorp Arnaud J. A. M. Temme Jeroen M. Schoorl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(9):923-935
Landscape evolution models (LEMs) simulate the three‐dimensional development of landscapes over time. Different LEMs have different foci, e.g. erosional behaviour, river dynamics, the fluvial domain, hillslopes or a combination. LEM LAPSUS is a relatively simple cellular model operating on timescales of centuries to millennia and using annual timesteps that has had a hillslope focus. Our objective was to incorporate fluvial behaviour in LAPSUS without changing the existing model equations. The model should be able to reproduce alternating aggradation and incision in the floodplains of catchments, depending on simulated conditions. Testing was done using an artificial digital elevation model (DEM) and a demonstration of the ability for fluvial simulation was performed for a real landscape (Torrealvilla catchment, southeast Spain). Model equations to calculate sediment dynamics and water routing were similar for both hillslope and fluvial conditions, but different parameter values were used for these domains, defined based on annual discharge. Parameters changing between the domains are convergence factor p, which is used in the multiple flow algorithm to route water, and discharge and gradient exponents m and n, used in transport capacity calculations. Erodibility and ‘sedimentability’ factors K and P were changed between cold (little vegetation, high erodibility) and warm conditions (more vegetation, lower erodibility). Results show that the adapted parameters reproduced alternating aggradation – due to divergent flow in the floodplain and sediment supply under cold conditions – and incision due to reduced sediment supply and resulting clean water erosion during simulated warm conditions. The simulated results are due to interactions between hillslopes and floodplains, as the former provide the sediments that are deposited in the latter. Similar behaviour was demonstrated when using the real DEM. Sensitivity and resolution analysis showed that the model is sensitive to changes in m, n and p and that model behaviour is influenced by DEM resolution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
Charline Giguet-Covex Fabien Arnaud Jérôme Poulenard Dirk Enters Jean-Louis Reyss Laurent Millet Jérome Lazzaroto Olivier Vidal 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(1):171-190
Sedimentological, geochemical and particle-size analyses were used to reconstruct the evolution of both trophic state and
hypolimnetic anoxia in Lake Bourget (French Alps) during the last century. Radionuclide dating (210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am) confirmed the annual rhythm of laminations in the upper sediment profile. In Lake Bourget, biochemical varves are triplets
composed of a diatom layer (spring lamina), a bio-precipitated calcite-rich layer (spring/summer lamina), and a layer rich
in organic matter and detrital particles (winter lamina). The onset of eutrophication and the first appearance of an anoxic
facies occurred simultaneously and were dated by laminae counting to AD 1943±1 year. Persistent anoxic conditions began in
AD 1960. Eutrophication is characterised by drastic increases in the flux of biogenic silica (mostly diatoms), lacustrine
organic matter, and larger calcite crystals (15–30 μm). The increase of organic matter also represents a marker of the onset
of anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Our results show that eutrophication was the main factor controlling anoxia in the
hypolimnion. This eutrophication was caused mostly by the inflow of untreated sewage effluents, and to a lesser extent, by
input of fertilizer-derived phosphorus during floods of the Rhone River and run-off from the lake catchment. The Rhone River,
however, can also be a source of re-oxygenation via underflows that originate during flood events. Oxygenation of the hypolimnion
is also controlled by low winter temperatures, which enable turnover of the lake. Thus, global warming, associated with a
forecasted reduction in precipitation, might reduce the efficiency of hypolimnetic re-oxygenation in Lake Bourget. 相似文献
74.
The trace element compositions of S-type granites: evidence for disequilibrium melting and accessory phase entrainment in the source 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Arnaud Villaros Gary Stevens Jean-François Moyen Ian S. Buick 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(4):543-561
Within individual plutons, the trace element concentrations in S-type granites generally increase with maficity (total iron
and magnesium content and expressed as atomic Fe + Mg in this study); the degree of variability in trace element concentration
also expands markedly with the same parameter. The strongly peraluminous, high-level S-type granites of the Peninsular Pluton
(Cape Granite Suite, South Africa) are the product of biotite incongruent melting of a metasedimentary source near the base
of the crust. Leucogranites within the suite represent close to pure melts from the anatectic source and more mafic varieties
represent mixtures of melt and peritectic garnet and ilmenite. Trace elements such as Rb, Ba, Sr and Eu, that are concentrated
in reactant minerals in the melting process, show considerable scatter within the granites. This is interpreted to reflect
compositional variation in the source. In contrast, elements such as LREE, Zr and Hf, which are concentrated within refractory
accessory phases (zircon and monazite), show well-defined negative correlations with increasing SiO2 and increase linearly with increasing maficity. This is interpreted to reflect coupled co-entrainment of accessory minerals
and peritectic phases to the melt: leucocratic rocks cannot have evolved from the more mafic compositions in the suite by
a process of fractional crystallisation because in this case they would have inherited the zircon-saturated character of this
hypothetical earlier magma. Trace element behaviour of granites from the Peninsular Pluton has been modelled via both equilibrium
and disequilibrium trace element melting. In the disequilibrium case, melts are modelled as leaving the source with variable
proportions of entrained peritectic phases and accessory minerals, but before the melt has dissolved any accessory minerals.
Thus, the trace element signature of the melt is largely inherited from the reactants in the melting reaction, with no contribution
from zircon and monazite dissolution. In the equilibrium case, melt leaves the source with entrained crystals, after reaching
zircon and monazite saturation. A significant proportion of the rocks of the Peninsular Pluton have trace element concentrations
below those predicted by zircon and monazite saturation. In the case of the most leucocratic rocks all compositions are zircon
undersaturated; whilst the majority of the most mafic compositions are zircon oversaturated. However, in both cases, zircon
is commonly xenocrystic. Thus, the leucocratic rocks represent close to pure melts, which escaped their sources rapidly enough
that some very closely match the trace element disequilibrium melting model applied in this study. Zircon dissolution rates
allow the residency time for the melt in the source to be conservatively estimated at less than 500 years. 相似文献
75.
76.
Monitoring gravel augmentation in a large regulated river and implications for process‐based restoration 下载免费PDF全文
Fanny Arnaud Hervé Piégay David Béal Pierre Collery Lise Vaudor Anne‐Julia Rollet 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(13):2147-2166
The artificial gravel augmentation of river channels is increasingly being used to mitigate the adverse effects of river regulation and sediment starvation. A systematic framework for designing and assessing such gravel augmentations is still lacking, notably on large rivers. Monitoring is required to quantify the movement of augmented gravel, measure bedform changes, assess potential habitat enhancement, and reduce the uncertainty in sediment management. Here we present the results of an experiment conducted in the Rhine River (French and German border). In 2010, 23 000 m3 of sediments (approximately the mean annual bedload transport capacity) were supplied in a by‐passed reach downstream of the Kembs dam to test the feasibility of enhancing sediment transport and bedform changes. A 620‐m‐long and 12‐m‐wide gravel deposit was created 8 km downstream from the dam. Monitoring included topo‐bathymetric surveys, radio‐frequency particle tracking using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, bed grain size measurement, and airborne imagery. Six surveys performed since 2009 have been described (before and after gravel augmentation, and after Q2 and Q15 floods). The key findings are that (i) the augmented gravel was partially dispersed by the first flood event of December 2010 (Q1); (ii) PIT tags were found up to 3200 m downstream of the gravel augmentation site after four years, but the effects of gravel augmentation could not be clearly distinguished from the effects of floods and internal remobilization on more than 3500 m downstream; (iii) linear and log‐linear relationships linking bedload transport, particle mobility, and grain size were established; and (iv) combined bathymetry and PIT tag surveys were useful for evaluating potential environmental risks and the first morpho‐ecological responses. This confirmed the complementary nature of such techniques in the monitoring of gravel augmentation in large rivers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
Francesca Calitri Michael Sommer Kevin Norton Arnaud Temme Dagmar Brandová Raquel Portes Marcus Christl Mike E. Ketterer Markus Egli 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(9):1783-1798
Two principal groups of processes shape mass fluxes from and into a soil: vertical profile development and lateral soil redistribution. Periods having predominantly progressive soil forming processes (soil profile development) alternate with periods having predominantly regressive processes (erosion). As a result, short-term soil redistribution – years to decades – can differ substantially from long-term soil redistribution; i.e. centuries to millennia. However, the quantification of these processes is difficult and consequently their rates are poorly understood. To assess the competing roles of erosion and deposition we determined short- and long-term soil redistribution rates in a formerly glaciated area of the Uckermark, northeast Germany. We compared short-term erosion or accumulation rates using plutonium-239 and -240 (239+240Pu) and long-term rates using both in situ and meteoric cosmogenic beryllium-10 (10Be). Three characteristic process domains have been analysed in detail: a flat landscape position having no erosion/deposition, an erosion-dominated mid-slope, and a deposition-dominated lower-slope site. We show that the short-term mass erosion and accumulation rates are about one order of magnitude higher than long-term redistribution rates. Both, in situ and meteoric 10Be provide comparable results. Depth functions, and therefore not only an average value of the topsoil, give the most meaningful rates. The long-term soil redistribution rates were in the range of −2.1 t ha-1 yr-1 (erosion) and +0.26 t ha-1 yr-1 (accumulation) whereas the short-term erosion rates indicated strong erosion of up to 25 t ha-1 yr-1 and accumulation of 7.6 t ha-1 yr-1. Our multi-isotope method identifies periods of erosion and deposition, confirming the ‘time-split approach’ of distinct different phases (progressive/regressive) in soil evolution. With such an approach, temporally-changing processes can be disentangled, which allows the identification of both the dimensions of and the increase in soil erosion due to human influence. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
R. Rocchia M. Arnaud C. Blondel M. Cantin B. Mougin R. Rothenflug A. Tarrius 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,96(2):361-374
A multiplexX-ray image analyser is described. It consists in a time-modulated coded aperture associated with a solid state detector. The system combines the high efficiency and good spectral resolution of solid state spectrometers with the spatial resolution of the coded aperture (200 ).The device can be installed at the focus of a grazing incidence telescope to make images and spectra of faint astronomicalX-ray sources. 相似文献
79.
80.
Charline Giguet-Covex Fabien Arnaud Dirk Enters Jérôme Poulenard Laurent Millet Pierre Francus Fernand David Pierre-Jérôme Rey Bruno Wilhelm Jean-Jacques Delannoy 《Quaternary Research》2012,77(1):12-22
In central Western Europe, several studies have shown that colder Holocene periods, such as the Little Ice Age, also correspond to wet periods. However, in mountain areas which are highly sensitive to erosion processes and where precipitation events can be localized, past evolution of hydrological activity might be more complicated. To assess these past hydrological changes, a paleolimnological approach was applied on a 13.4-m-long sediment core taken in alpine Lake Anterne (2063 m asl) and representing the last 3.5 ka. Lake sedimentation is mainly composed of flood deposits triggered by precipitation events. Sedimentological and geochemical analyses show that floods were more frequent during cold periods while high-intensity flood events occurred preferentially during warmer periods. In mild temperature conditions, both flood patterns are present. This underlines the complex relationship between flood hazards and climatic change in mountain areas. During the warmer and/or dryer times of the end of Iron Age and the Roman Period, both the frequency and intensity of floods increased. This is interpreted as an effect of human-induced clearing for grazing activities and reveals that anthropogenic interferences must be taken into account when reconstructing climatic signals from natural archives. 相似文献