Analysis of nocturnal air temperature in districts using mobile measurements and a cooling indicator     

Leconte  François  Bouyer  Julien  Claverie  Rémy  Pétrissans  Mathieu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,130(1-2):365-376

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A comparison of the climatology of a tropospherestratosphere-mesosphere model with observations     

Steven Pawson  Ulrike Langematz  Arnold Meyer  Peter Strauch  Silke Leder  Klaus Rose 《Climate Dynamics》1991,5(3):161-174

Mean fields from a perpetual January simulation of a GCM extending from the surface to 0.01 hPa (near 80 km) are compared to observations. The zonal mean temperature and wind fields correspond quite well with reality; the low stratosphere, especially in the polar night, is too cold, but warmer than in the original version of the model, with an upper boundary at 25 hPa. Mean fields at standard levels show that the major features of the troposphere are represented by the model, but rather over emphasised; the stratospheric winter polar vortex is too strong, too cold, and too barotropic; it resembles an `undisturbed' January rather than the climatology. Differences in the stationary eddy activity between the extended and orginal versions of the model are noted, and used to explain some differences between the two simulations.This paper was presented at the International Conference on Modelling of Global Climate Change and Variability, held in Hamburg 11–15 September 1989 under the auspices of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Hamburg and the Max Planck Institute für Meteorology. Guest Editor for these papers is Dr. L. Dümenil  相似文献   

A vibrational study of phase transitions among the GeO2 polymorphs     

M. Madon  Ph. Gillet  Ch. Julien  G. D. Price 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1991,18(1):7-18

Infrared and Raman spectra of the quartz, rutile and amorphous forms of GeO₂ have been recorded under pressure and/or temperature, in order to study the crystalline to crystalline — or amorphous — transformations of this compound in the solid state. X-ray diffraction data shown that crystalline quartz-GeO₂ subjected to high pressure amorphizes. Infrared data are consistent with a gradual amorphisation of this compound at static pressures between 6 to 12 GPa at 300 K. With increasing pressure, the Ge-O distance appears to remain constant and amorphization is associated with a progressive change in the coordination of germanium atoms from fourfold to sixfold. This apparent change in coordination is not quenchable at room pressure. On decompression, the Ge in the amorphous form returns to tetrahedral coordination. The anharmonic parameters for the Raman modes of the quartz and rutile forms of GeO₂, have also been estimated from pressure and temperature shifts. These data have been used to calculate heat capacities and entropies of the two polymorphs at different pressures, with the Kieffer vibrational model. The calculated heat capacities at room pressure are within 1% of the experimental values between 20 and 1500 K. The calculated entropies are used to estimate the phase boundary in the (P, T) plane. The slope of the curve at room pressure (17 bar/K) is in good agreement with experimental values.  相似文献   

Detection of anthropogenic influence on the evolution of record-breaking temperatures over Europe     

Margot Bador  Laurent Terray  Julien Boé 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(9-10):2717-2735

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Modelling in-situ upgrading of heavy oil using operator splitting method     

Julien Maes  Ann H. Muggeridge  Matthew D. Jackson  Michel Quintard  Alexandre Lapene 《Computational Geosciences》2016,20(3):581-594

The in-situ upgrading (ISU) of bitumen and oil shale is a very challenging process to model numerically because of the large number of components that need to be modelled using a system of equations that are both highly non-linear and strongly coupled. Operator splitting methods are one way of potentially improving computational performance. Each numerical operator in a process is modelled separately, allowing the best solution method to be used for the given numerical operator. A significant drawback to the approach is that decoupling the governing equations introduces an additional source of numerical error, known as the splitting error. The best splitting method for modelling a given process minimises the splitting error whilst improving computational performance compared to a fully implicit approach. Although operator splitting has been widely used for the modelling of reactive-transport problems, it has not yet been applied to the modelling of ISU. One reason is that it is not clear which operator splitting technique to use. Numerous such techniques are described in the literature and each leads to a different splitting error. While this error has been extensively analysed for linear operators for a wide range of methods, the results cannot be extended to general non-linear systems. It is therefore not clear which of these techniques is most appropriate for the modelling of ISU. In this paper, we investigate the application of various operator splitting techniques to the modelling of the ISU of bitumen and oil shale. The techniques were tested on a simplified model of the physical system in which a solid or heavy liquid component is decomposed by pyrolysis into lighter liquid and gas components. The operator splitting techniques examined include the sequential split operator (SSO), the Strang-Marchuk split operator (SMSO) and the iterative split operator (ISO). They were evaluated on various test cases by considering the evolution of the discretization error as a function of the time-step size compared with the results obtained from a fully implicit simulation. We observed that the error was least for a splitting scheme where the thermal conduction was performed first, followed by the chemical reaction step and finally the heat and mass convection operator (SSO-CKA). This method was then applied to a more realistic model of the ISU of bitumen with multiple components, and we were able to obtain a speed-up of between 3 and 5.  相似文献   

Das Problem der Kreide -Nummuliten in Ostschweiz und Vorarlberg     

Heim  Arnold 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1924,15(3):223-226

International Journal of Earth Sciences -  相似文献   

Beobachtungen über die Entstehung der tertiären Kohlen (Humolithe und Saprohumolithe) in Zentralsumatra     

Arnold Heim  Robert Potonié 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1932,23(3-4):145-172

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

Joachim Joseph  M. Rodewald  Arnold Schumacher  A. Schumacher 《Ocean Dynamics》1953,6(4-6):230-235

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Vertical movements of cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the open sea and the hydrostatic function of the swimbladder     

Arnold  G. P.; Walker  M. Greer 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1992,49(3):357-372

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Suspended matter in the Caribbean Sea: A gravimetric analysis     

N.Jay BassinJohn E. Harris  Arnold H. Bouma 《Marine Geology》1972

Total suspended matter in the water column of the Caribbean was determined quantitatively by means of filtration through 0.45 μ membrane filters. Results show that prior values obtained by centrifuging methods are too low, and that the existence of a nepheloid layer cannot be gravimetrically demonstrated in the Caribbean.  相似文献