V oxidation state in Fe–Ti oxides by high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy     

Amélie Bordage  Etienne Balan  Johan P. R. de Villiers  Robert Cromarty  Amélie Juhin  Claire Carvallo  Georges Calas  P. V. Sunder Raju  Pieter Glatzel 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(6):449-458

The oxidation state of vanadium in natural and synthetic Fe–Ti oxides is determined using high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS). Eleven natural magnetite-bearing samples from a borehole of the Main Magnetite Layer of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa), five synthetic Fe oxide samples, and three natural hematite-bearing samples from Dharwar supergroup (India) are investigated. V K edge spectra were recorded on the ID26 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble, France), and the pre-edge features were used to determine the local environment and oxidation state of vanadium. In the case of the magnetite samples (natural and synthetic), we show that vanadium is incorporated in the octahedral site of the spinel structure under two oxidation states: +III and +IV. The variations of the pre-edge area are interpreted as various proportions in V³⁺ and V⁴⁺ (between 9.5 and 16.3% of V⁴⁺), V³⁺ being the main oxidation state. In particular, the variations of the V⁴⁺/V³⁺ ratio along the profile of the Main Magnetite Layer seem to follow the crystallization sequence of the layer. In the case of the hematite samples from India, the pre-edge features indicate that vanadium is substituted to Fe and mainly incorporated as V⁴⁺ (between 40 and 72% of V⁴⁺). We also demonstrate the potentiality of HERFD-XAS for mineralogical studies, since it can filter out the unwanted fluorescence and give better resolved spectra than conventional XAS.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic Observation of Coronal Waves     

T. Sakurai  K. Ichimoto  K.P. Raju  J. Singh 《Solar physics》2002,209(2):265-286

A time sequence over 80 min of coronal green-line spectra was obtained with a corona- graph at the Norikura Solar Observatory. Doppler velocities, line intensities, and line widths were derived through fitting a single Gaussian to the observed line profiles. Coronal waves have been clearly detected in the Doppler velocity data. The Fourier analysis shows powers in a 1–3 mHz range, and in higher frequencies (5–7 mHz) at localized regions. The propagation speed of the waves was estimated by correlation analysis. The line intensity and line width did not show clear oscillations, but their phase relationship with the Doppler velocity indicates propagating waves rather than standing waves. The existence of Alfvén waves whose speed is 500 km s^–1 or faster is possible but inconclusive, while the existence of slower waves (of the order of 100 km s^–1, possibly sound waves) is evident. The energy carried by the detected sound waves is far smaller than the required heat input rate to the quiet corona.  相似文献   

Emission lines from nitrogen-like ions and their diagnostic use     

P. K. Raju  B. N. Dwivedi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1990,173(1):13-26

Line emissions from nitrogen-like ions NeIV, MgVI, and AlVII have been studied as a diagnostic probe for the emitting regions of astrophysical plasma. Line intensities from these ions have been calculated and compared, in this study, with available observational data for solar plasma.  相似文献   

Five dimensional spherically symmetric minimally interacting holographic dark energy model in Brans–Dicke theory     

D. R. K. Reddy  P. Raju  K. Sobhanbabu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(4):123

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality of the Central Gangetic Plain Area of India Using Geospatial and WQI Techniques     

Dharmendra Kumar Verma  Gouri Sankar Bhunia  Pravat Kumar Shit  Ashwani Kumar Tiwari 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(6):743-748

The paper presents results of research to determine the health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils of gold mining area in Ilesha, Southwestern Nigeria. Eighteen top soil samples were collected and analysed for PTEs using ICPMS. The pollution level in soils were assessed using pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The human health risk was assessed using hazard index (HI), non-carcinogenic risk index and carcinogenic risk index. All the PTEs were higher than crustal average values except Fe and follow the order Mn > Ba > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Co >Fe > As > Cd. The soil samples can be classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted (0.18-1.23) and low risk (15.28-94.24) based on PLI and PERI respectively. The values of hazard Index (HI) calculated for child and adult population for all the pathways were <1 and pose no obvious non carcinogenic risk to the population except for ingestion pathway where 33% of the samples showed value >1 in child population. As, Co, Cd and Pb constituted high cancer risk in the study area with child at higher risk than adult. The Total Cancer Risk (TCR) in the study area based on all the pathways ranges between 0.19 -3.86 and 0.18-3.58 for child and adult respectively and the ingestion route seems to be the major contributor to excess lifetime cancer risk followed by the dermal pathway.  相似文献   

Some Insights into the Lithospheric Electrical Structure in the Western Ghat Region from Magnetotelluric Studies     

Prasanta K. Patro  Khasi Raju  S. V. S. Sarma 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(5):529-532

Magnetotelluric (MT) studies along a few traverses, some cutting across the Western Ghats, during the last few years have provided basic insights into the shallow as well as the deeper electrical structure in the regions near and east of the Western Ghat belt. The MT models broadly show a two layered lithospheric electrical structure with an upper high resistive layer (several thousands of Ωm) and a lower moderately conductive layer (a few tens to a few hundred Ωm). The depth of the interface between the two layers is found to vary from about 120–160 km in the south in the SGT to around 80 km in the north in the northern DVP. Another impressive feature that could be noticed in these electrical models is the presence of well-defined major near vertical crustal conductive feature associated with the region of Western Ghat belt, presumably associated with the tectonic evolution of the Western Ghats. Further, these models also brought out several other well-defined conductors that might be linked to structural features like faults, shear zones, etc., in the region. These conductors pierce through the crustal column and some of these, particularly those oriented in NW-SE direction, i.e., oriented transversely with respect to the ambient compressive stress direction of the Indian shield, assume significance in understanding the seismicity of the region.  相似文献   

Geochemical characterization of adsorbed light gaseous alkanes in near surface soils of the eastern Ganga basin for hydrocarbon prospecting     

Ch. Srinivas  T. Madhavi  M. Lakshmi  Devleena Mani  M. S. Kalpana  D. J. Patil  A. M. Dayal  S. V. Raju 《Geochemistry International》2014,52(1):68-76

This study aims to assess the hydrocarbon potential of Ganga basin utilizing the near surface geochemical prospecting techniques. It is based on the concept that the light gaseous hydrocarbons from the oil and gas reservoirs reach the surface through micro seepage, gets adsorbed to soil matrix and leave their signatures in soils and sediments, which can be quantified. The study showed an increased occurrence of methane (C₁), ethane (C₂) and propane (C₃) in the soil samples. The concentrations of light gaseous hydrocarbons determined by Gas Chromatograph ranged (in ppb) as follows, C₁: 0–519, C₂: 0–7 and C₃: 0–2. The carbon isotopic (VPDB) values of methane varied between ?52.2 to ?27.1‰, indicating thermogenic origin of the desorbed hydrocarbons. High concentrations of hydrocarbon were found to be characteristic of the Muzaffarpur region and the Gandak depression in the basin, signifying the migration of light hydrocarbon gases from subsurface to the surface and the area’s potential for hydrocarbon resources.  相似文献   

Molecular composition and paleobotanical origin of Eocene resin from northeast India     

Arka Rudra  Suryendu Dutta  Srinivasan V Raju 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(5):935-941

The molecular composition of fossil resins from early to middle Eocene coal from northeast India, has been analyzed for the first time to infer their paleobotanical source. The soluble component of fossil resin was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The resin extracts are composed of cadalene-based C₁₅ sesquiterpenoids and diagenetically altered triterpenoids. The macromolecular composition was investigated using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The major pyrolysis products are C₁₅ bicyclic sesquiterpenoids, alkylated naphthalenes, benzenes and a series of C₁₇–C₃₄ n-alkene-n-alkane pairs. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the dominance of aliphatic components. The presence of cadalene-based sequiterpenoids confirms the resin to be Class II or dammar resin, derived from angiosperms of Dipterocarpaceae family. These sesquiterpenoids are often detected in many SE Asian fluvio-deltaic oils. Dipterocarpaceae are characteristic of warm tropical climate suggesting the prevalence of such climate during early Eocene in northeast India.  相似文献   

Impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami along the Tamil Nadu coastline: field survey review and numerical simulations     

G. Gopinath  F. Løvholt  G. Kaiser  C. B. Harbitz  K. Srinivasa Raju  M. Ramalingam  Bhoop Singh 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(2):743-769

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami had a significant impact on the Tamil Nadu coast in India. In this paper, a range of field survey data collected by different survey teams available in literature have been analyzed and compiled to serve as a basis for validation of numerical tsunami simulations. The individual field surveys reveal a significant scatter in the run-up data between the different teams, which point out that the uncertainty in these data must be taken into account when using them for validation. The inundation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is simulated for the coastlines of Chennai and Nagapattinam based on high-resolution topography. Different spatially uniform Manning friction as well as heterogeneous friction maps is used. Overall, the simulation results showed a good agreement with the field observations, but there are also some observed spatial variability in the goodness of the fit between the data and simulations. In some areas, clear discrepancies are found. The results obtained using detailed land use maps including spatially variable friction are not significantly more accurate than those employing spatially constant values. For most areas, parameters indicating relatively low friction provided best match with the observations. This may also suggest that the inundation is often strongly governed by local variations in topography.  相似文献   

Distribution and sources of carbon,nitrogen, phosphorus and biogenic silica in the sediments of Chilika lagoon     

Sadaf Nazneen  N Janardhana Raju 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(1):13

The present study investigated the spatial and vertical distribution of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and biogenic silica (BSi) in the sedimentary environments of Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon. Surface and core sediments were collected from various locations of the Chilika lagoon and were analysed for grain-size distribution and major elements in order to understand their distribution and sources. Sand is the dominant fraction followed by silt + clay. Primary production within the lagoon, terrestrial input from river discharge and anthropogenic activities in the vicinity of the lagoon control the distribution of OC, TN, TP and BSi in the surface as well as in the core sediments. Low C/N ratios in the surface sediments (3.49–3.41) and cores (4–11.86) suggest that phytoplankton and macroalgae may be major contributors of organic matter (OM) in the lagoon. BSi is mainly associated with the mud fraction. Core C5 from Balugaon region shows the highest concentration of OC ranging from 0.58–2.34%, especially in the upper 30 cm, due to direct discharge of large amounts of untreated sewage into the lagoon. The study highlights that Chilika is a dynamic ecosystem with a large contribution of OM by autochthonous sources with some input from anthropogenic sources as well.  相似文献