干旱区水资源开发利用对生态环境影响的研究进展与展望   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

鲍超  方创琳 《地理科学进展》2008,27(3):38-46

水资源是干旱区生态环境最主要的限制性因子和重要组成部分。干旱区人口和经济规模的膨胀,导致生 产、生活用水不断挤占生态环境用水,部分地区水资源开发利用甚至严重超过了最大极限,导致生态系统不断恶化 甚至难以恢复。干旱区水资源开发利用对生态环境影响的研究越来越受到重视。当前,国内外按照“发生的问题— 产生的机理—调控的标准—过程模拟—情景预测—响应对策”这一逻辑思路,围绕干旱区水资源开发利用对生态 环境的影响进行了大量研究,并取得了明显进展。但干旱区水资源开发利用对生态环境的影响机理研究相对薄弱, 仍难以精确刻画水资源开发利用与生态环境之间的定量关系,难以动态模拟和有效预测水资源开发利用对生态环 境的影响,面向干旱区生态环境的水资源开发利用对策研究在实践中仍面临着较多障碍。因此,未来应以机理研究 为基础,以过程模拟和情景预测为突破口,以综合集成的对策体系建设为落脚点,不断加强干旱区水资源开发利用 对生态环境影响的研究。  相似文献   

黔北务正道铝土矿成矿规律探讨   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

武国辉  金中国  鲍淼  毛佐林 《地质与勘探》2008,44(6):31-35

黔北务正道地区是贵州重要的铝土矿成矿区.研究表明,铝土矿产于中下志留统韩家店组(S<,1-2>hj)页岩或上石炭统黄龙组(C2h)灰岩侵蚀面上,含矿层位为中二叠统梁山组(P2l),赋矿围岩主要为炭质页岩和铝土质页岩.铝土矿床形成于河湖沼泽沉积环境,分布严格受NE向向斜构造控制,矿层连续性好、埋藏大,矿石品位高、铝硅比高.矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型.  相似文献   

Treatment of on/off switches in the adjoint method: FDDA experiments with a simple model     

JIAN-WEN BAO  THOMAS T. WARNER 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1993,45(5):525-538

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Convective/Large-scale Rainfall Partitions of Tropical Heavy Precipitation in CMIP6 Atmospheric Models     

Jing YANG  Sicheng HE  Qing BAO 《大气科学进展》2021,38(6):1020-1027

Convective/large-scale(C/L) precipitation partitions are crucial for achieving realistic rainfall modeling and are classified in 16 phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) atmospheric models. Only 4 models capture the feature that convective rainfall significantly exceeds the large-scale rainfall component in the tropics while the other 12 models show 50%–100% large-scale rainfall component in heavy rainfall. Increased horizontal resolution generally increases the convective rainfall percentage, but not in all models. The former 4 models can realistically reproduce two peaks of moisture vertical distribution, respectively located in the upper and the lower troposphere. In contrast, the latter 12 models correspond to three types of moisture vertical profile biases:(1) whole mid-to-lower tropospheric wet biases(60%–80% large-scale rainfall);(2) mid-tropospheric wet peak(50% convective/large-scale rainfall); and(3) lower-tropospheric wet peak(90%–100% large-scale rainfall). And the associated vertical distribution of unique clouds potentially causes different climate feedback, suggesting accurate C/L rainfall components are necessary to reliable climate projection.  相似文献   

CAS FGOALS-f3-L Large-ensemble Simulations for the CMIP6 Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project     

Bian HE  Xiaoqi ZHANG  Anmin DUAN  Qing BAO  Yimin LIU  Wenting HU  Jinxiao LI  Guoxiong WU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(6):1028-1049

Large-ensemble simulations of the atmosphere-only time-slice experiments for the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) were carried out by the model group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS-f3-L). Eight groups of experiments forced by different combinations of the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) for pre-industrial, present-day, and future conditions were performed and published. The time-lag method was used to generate the 100 ensemble members, with each member integrating from 1 April 2000 to 30 June 2001 and the first two months as the spin-up period. The basic model responses of the surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation were documented. The results indicate that Arctic amplification is mainly caused by Arctic SIC forcing changes. The SAT responses to the Arctic SIC decrease alone show an obvious increase over high latitudes, which is similar to the results from the combined forcing of SST and SIC. However, the change in global precipitation is dominated by the changes in the global SST rather than SIC, partly because tropical precipitation is mainly driven by local SST changes. The uncertainty of the model responses was also investigated through the analysis of the large-ensemble members. The relative roles of SST and SIC, together with their combined influence on Arctic amplification, are also discussed. All of these model datasets will contribute to PAMIP multi-model analysis and improve the understanding of polar amplification.  相似文献   

湖泊沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学     

姚志刚  鲍征宇  高璞 《地质通报》2005,(Z1)

概要地回顾了近年来国内外湖泊沉积物中重金属环境污染方面的研究成果,介绍了湖相沉积物重金属研究的主要内容、方法和可能的发展方向。认为就重金属成因方面应加强区分其主要来源是岩石和矿物风化的碎屑产物、大气降尘、人类活动等的研究;重金属污染方面更应重视污染物质的生物有效性、迁移转化机理和重金属“二次污染”的研究;研究手段上,注重运用同位素示踪与定年技术来研究重金属的来源和污染历史,应用高分辨率沉积物钻心研究环境的变迁。最后提出加强多学科的综合研究,建立中国湖泊基准数据库,为探讨湖泊湿地的可持续发展提供依据。  相似文献   

Causes and control countermeasures of eutrophication in Chaohu lake,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SHANG Guang-ping SHANG Jin-cheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(4):348-354

1 IN T R O D U C T IO NC haohu Lake,located in the centralA nhuiProvince ofC hina, has m ultiple functions of flood control, w atersupply,irrigation,transportation,fishery and tourism .Itis fam ous for its beautifullandscape and historic sites.For thousan…  相似文献   

海啸灾害与预警   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

包澄澜  叶琳 《海洋预报》2005,22(1):1-4

地震海啸是最严重的自然灾害之一。本文对海啸的定义、性质、特征、历史上和近代的中国和世界的严重地震海啸灾害作了介绍。同时简单地介绍了海啸预警系统的主要内容。  相似文献   

对虾、青蛤和江蓠三元混养效益的实验研究     

王大鹏  田相利  董双林  常杰  包杰  马甡  王继业 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):20-26

通过海水陆基围隔实验,研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)与青蛤(Cyclina senensis)、菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)投饵混养的适宜配比、经济效益和生态效益。实验结束时对虾的体重、成活率和净产量分别为5.30~6.12g,62.96%~78.21%和1 065.0~1 367.6kg.hm-2。青蛤体重和净产量分别为6.85~7.15g,和51~328kg.hm-2。菊花心江蓠净产量为3 900~9 380kg.hm-2。混养系统的经济效益和生态效益均优于对虾单养。在本实验条件下,混养系统的最佳结构为凡纳滨对虾30ind.m-2,青蛤30ind.m-2,菊花心江蓠200g.m-2;其N,P绝对利用率分别为52.94%和26.09%。  相似文献   

野生和养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)遗传差异的RAPD和ISSR研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

房新英  张全启  齐洁  王志刚  包振民 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(2):138-142

利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,分析了山东威海近海野生和养殖牙鲆的遗传多样性差异。结果表明,用10个RAPD引物对两个样本各30个个体的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得110个重复性好且带谱清晰的扩增位点,片段大小在200—2500bp之间,野生样本和养殖样本的多态位点比例分别为59.09%和60·91%,Shannon多样性值分别为16·563和16·917,野生样本内平均遗传距离为0·17427,养殖样本为0·17553,样本间遗传距离为0·17419。用6个ISSR引物共在两样本中检测到161个位点,野生样本有111个(68·94%)为多态位点,养殖样本有112个(69·57%)为多态位点,野生和养殖样本的样本内平均遗传距离分别为0·19996和0·20007,样本间遗传距离为0·20002,Shannon多样性值分别为29·254和29·688。平均位点多态率显著性检验标明,无论是利用RAPD还是ISSR技术,两群体间平均位点多态率皆差异不显著,说明第一代养殖群体的遗传结构尚未发生明显变化。  相似文献