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71.
电各向异性广泛存在于自然界中,已成为电磁勘探资料解释中不可忽视的因素.特别是在一些沉积岩地区,由于层理发育导致地下介质电阻率随电流方向发生变化,表现出很强的各向异性导电性.此时,利用各向同性模型进行电磁数据解释将引起很大的误差.本文回顾了电磁勘探中电各向异性研究的历史,简要介绍电各向异性成因、数值模拟中的数学描述及电各向异性介质中电磁场正反演模拟方法等研究现状,总结电各向异性在大地电磁、可控源电磁、航空电磁和感应测井等方面的最新研究进展及未来的挑战.随着多维电磁数据采集及正反演模拟技术的进步和计算能力的提高,给电各向异性信息提取和应用带来了新的契机.电各向异性研究将在矿产资源勘查、油气存储与运移特征分析、地下水和地热、环境工程地质调查、大地构造及地质灾害预测等方面发挥积极作用. 相似文献
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As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method. 相似文献
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基于Pope-Hinsken算法的空间后方交会 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了Pope-Hinsken(P-H)算法的基本原理,将其应用于大角度影像的空间后方交会,给出了误差方程和计算方案,并通过对比实验加以验证。结果表明:1)在空间后方交会中采用单位四元数构造旋转矩阵可显著降低算法的初值敏感性;2)与同类方案相比,该方案具有误差方程更简洁、收敛性更强的特点;3)该方案的解算精度与现有方案一致,稳定可靠。 相似文献
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ERIK KJELLSTRÖM JENNY BRANDEFELT JENS‐OVE NÄSLUND BEN SMITH GUSTAV STRANDBERG ANTJE H. L. VOELKER BARBARA WOHLFARTH 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(2):436-456
Kjellström, E., Brandefelt, J., Näslund, J.‐O., Smith, B., Strandberg, G., Voelker, A. H. L. & Wohlfarth, B. 2010: Simulated climate conditions in Europe during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 stadial. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00143.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. State‐of‐the‐art climate models were used to simulate climate conditions in Europe during Greenland Stadial (GS) 12 at 44 ka BP. The models employed for these simulations were: (i) a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean global climate model (AOGCM), and (ii) a regional atmospheric climate model (RCM) to dynamically downscale results from the global model for a more detailed investigation of European climate conditions. The vegetation was simulated off‐line by a dynamic vegetation model forced by the climate from the RCM. The resulting vegetation was then compared with the a priori vegetation used in the first simulation. In a subsequent step, the RCM was rerun to yield a new climate more consistent with the simulated vegetation. Forcing conditions included orbital forcing, land–sea distribution, ice‐sheet configuration, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations representative for 44 ka BP. The results show a cold climate on the global scale, with global annual mean surface temperatures 5 °C colder than the modern climate. This is still significantly warmer than temperatures derived from the same model system for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Regional, northern European climate is much colder than today, but still significantly warmer than during the LGM. Comparisons between the simulated climate and proxy‐based sea‐surface temperature reconstructions show that the results are in broad agreement, albeit with a possible cold bias in parts of the North Atlantic in summer. Given a prescribed restricted Marine Isotope Stage 3 ice‐sheet configuration, with large ice‐free regions in Sweden and Finland, the AOGCM and RCM model simulations produce a cold and dry climate in line with the restricted ice‐sheet configuration during GS 12. The simulated temperature climate, with prescribed ice‐free conditions in south‐central Fennoscandia, is favourable for the development of permafrost, but does not allow local ice‐sheet formation as all snow melts during summer. 相似文献
78.
台湾海峡中气旋结构特征的单多普勒雷达分析 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
2004年9月10日傍晚,在台湾北部海面大范围中尺度对流雨带中有一钩状回波并伴随中气旋.受台湾东北部和西南部海面两个热带低压系统的环流影响,海峡北部海面有一大尺度的风切辐合带,为中气旋发展提供了有利环境.文中利用台湾地区北部民用航空局中正机场多普勒雷达资料,分析中气旋特征,结果显示此中气旋由低层形成随后向上发展,最高可达8 km以上,内核直径先是低层大中层小,随后中层扩大与低层接近成圆柱状,之后快速减弱,整个过程约2 h.进一步用地基雷达风速轨迹显示法(GBVTD)反演中气旋成熟期间的环流结构变化,结果显示在分析期间,最大风半径维持在5-6 km,且随时间在高度分布由向内倾斜转化为无明显倾斜再到向外倾斜.轴对称径向风先在低层最大风速半径以内有外流,以外有内流,在最大风速半径处为上升运动区并伴随强回波,而在气旋中心附近为下沉运动区.随后气旋中心回波和下沉运动均逐渐增强,同时低层外流增强并扩散至最大风速半径外,相应的上升运动和强回波也移至最大风速半径外.切向风先呈现波数1的非对称结构,最大风速区位于气旋移动的左侧,且随高度有沿逆时针方向旋转的现象,随后显著增强,分布趋于对称,最大轴对称切向风达20 m/s位于约1 km高度.此后切向风速逐渐减弱,同时波数1非对称结构又有加强的趋势,最大风速区位于移动方向左前侧.中气旋发展过程和结构同其他地区观测的非超级单体微气旋非常相似,其成熟期环流特征同台风结构也非常类似,不同之处在于其中心下沉运动及低层外流为降水所造成,且尺度和生命期均远小于台风. 相似文献
79.
Variation in Metamorphic Style along the Northern Margin of the Damara Orogen, Namibia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The northern margin of the Inland Branch of the Pan-AfricanDamara Orogen in Namibia shows dramatic along-strike variationin metamorphic character during convergence between the Congoand Kalahari Cratons (M3 metamorphic cycle). Low-P contact metamorphismwith anticlockwise P–T paths dominates in the westerndomains (Ugab Zone and western Northern Zone), and high-P Barrovianmetamorphism with a clockwise P–T path is documented fromthe easternmost domain (eastern Northern Zone). The sequenceof M3 mineral growth in contact aureoles shows early growthof cordierite porphyroblasts that were pseudomorphed to biotite–chlorite–muscoviteat the same time as an andalusite–biotite–muscovitetransposed foliation was developed in the matrix. The peak-Tmetamorphic assemblages and fabrics were overprinted by crenulationsand retrograde chlorite–muscovite. The KFMASH P–Tpseudosection for metapelites in the Ugab Zone and western NorthernZone contact aureoles indicates tight anticlockwise P–Tloops through peak metamorphic conditions of 540–570°Cand 2·5–3·2 kbar. These semi-quantitativeP–T loops are consistent with average P–T calculationsusing THERMOCALC, which give a pooled mean of 556 ± 26°Cand 3·2 ± 0·6 kbar, indicating a high averagethermal gradient of 50°C/km. In contrast, the eastern NorthernZone experienced deep burial, high-P/moderate-T Barrovian M3metamorphism with an average thermal gradient of 21°C/kmand peak metamorphic conditions of c. 635°C and 8·7kbar. The calculated P–T pseudosection and garnet compositionalisopleths in KFMASH, appropriate for the metapelite sample fromthis region, document a clockwise P–T path. Early plagioclase–kyanite–biotiteparageneses evolved by plagioclase consumption and the growthof garnet to increasing XFe, XMg and XCa and decreasing XMncompositions, indicating steep burial with heating. The developedkyanite–garnet–biotite peak metamorphic parageneseswere followed by the resorption of garnet and formation of plagioclasemoats, indicating decompression, which was followed by retrogressivecooling and chlorite–muscovite growth. The clockwise P–Tloop is consistent with the foreland vergent fold–thrustbelt geometry in this part of the northern margin. Earlier formed(580–570 Ma) pervasive matrix foliations (M2) were overprintedby contact metamorphic parageneses (M3) in the aureoles of 530± 3 Ma granites in the Ugab Zone and 553–514 Magranites in the western Northern Zone. Available geochronologicaldata suggest that convergence between the Congo and KalahariCratons was essentially coeval in all parts of the northernmargin, with similar ages of 535–530 Ma for the main phaseof deformation in the eastern Northern Zone and Northern Platformand 538–505 Ma high-grade metamorphism of the CentralZone immediately to the south. Consequently, NNE–SSW-directedconvergent deformation and associated M3 metamorphism of contrastingstyles are interpreted to be broadly contemporaneous along thelength of the northern margin of the Inland Branch. In the westheat transfer was dominated by conduction and externally drivenby granites, whereas in the east heat transfer was dominatedby advection and internally driven radiogenic heat production.The ultimate cause was along-orogen variation in crustal architecture,including thickness of the passive margin lithosphere and thicknessof the overlying sedimentary succession. KEY WORDS: Pan-African Orogeny; P–T paths; pseudosections; low-P metamorphism; contact metamorphism; Barrovian metamorphism 相似文献
80.
笔者介绍了无人直升机航磁系统的研发与集成,采用无人直升机作为飞行平台,搭载高精度航空磁测系统,具有低成本、高效率、不受机场跑道限制、可夜航、按设计测线全自主导航飞行等特点。该系统分别完成了磁补偿试验飞行与实际应用工作,补偿精度达到0.046 9 n T,测量成果与测区内以往航磁成果对比,其反映的地磁场特征形态基本一致,验证了该系统的有效性,航磁异常等值线在细节上表现更细致。本系统为大比例尺、高精度、小面积的航磁测量工作提供了一种高效灵活的工作手段。 相似文献