New Sm–Nd isotopic data for eight samples of basalt and komatiite from the Tjakastad Subgroup (lower Onverwacht Group) of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB) of the Kaapvaal craton in southern Africa are reported. They give new constraints on the interpretation of Sm–Nd ages for the Subgroup and highlight the petrogenesis of Tjakastad volcanics. Although Sm–Nd isotopic data earlier reported for volcanic rocks from the Tjakastad Subgroup yielded an isochron age of 3526±48 Ma, the new results give a much younger isochron date of 3269±84 Ma. The 3526±48 Ma isochron age has been obtained in combining samples ranging in composition from felsic volcanics to ultrabasic komatiites and is thus considered suspect with regard to the pre-requisite of geochronology that all the studied rocks must have had identical initial isotopic compositions. The new isochron date of 3269±84 Ma has been obtained in combining samples solely of basic/ultrabasic composition. It might thus represent a more correct age for the eruption of the Tjakastad Subgroup volcanism. In fact, owing to the potential problem of source heterogeneity and also in the light of geochronological and geochemical arguments we show that this date also has little chance to have any strict chronological meaning. Most likely, the Tjakastad volcanics were formed 3450 Ma ago. Also most likely, their source rocks were isotopically heterogeneous and the 3530 Ma and 3270 Ma linear arrays are not true but apparent isochrons. Based on the calculated Nd (3450) values and other geochemical arguments, we show that three possible sources might have been involved: depleted mantle, primitive mantle and older continental crust. 相似文献
Late Neoproterozoic bimodal dyke suites are abundant in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. In southern Israel this suite includes dominant alkaline quartz porphyry dykes, rare mafic dykes, and numerous composite dykes with felsic interiors and mafic margins. The quartz porphyry chemically corresponds to A-type granite. Composite dykes with either abrupt or gradational contacts between the felsic and mafic rocks bear field, petrographic and chemical evidence for coexistence and mixing of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas. Mixing and formation of hybrid intermediate magmas commenced at depth and continued during emplacement of the dykes. Oxygen isotope ratios of alkali feldspar in quartz porphyry (13 to 15‰) and of plagioclase in trachydolerite (10–11‰) are much higher than their initial magmatic ratios predicted by equilibrium with unaltered quartz (8 to 9‰) and clinopyroxene (5.8‰). The elevation of δ18O in alkali feldspar and plagioclase, and extensive turbidization and sericitization call for post-magmatic low-temperature (≤ 100 °C) water–rock interaction. Hydrous alteration of alkali feldspar, the major carrier of Rb and Sr in the quartz–porphyry, also accounts for the highly variable and unusually high I(Sr) of 0.71253 to 0.73648.
The initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios, expressed by εNd(T) values, are probably unaltered and show small variation in mafic and felsic rocks within a narrow range from + 1.4 to + 3.3. The Nd isotope signature suggests either a common mantle source for the mafic and silicic magmas or a juvenile crustal source for the felsic rocks (metamorphic rocks from the Elat area). However, oxygen isotope ratios of zircon in quartz porphyry [δ18O(Zrn) = 6.5 to 7.2‰] reveal significant crustal contribution to the rhyolite magma, suggesting that mafic and A-type silicic magmas are not co-genetic, although coeval. Comparison of 18O/16O ratios in zircon allows to distinguish two groups of A-type granites in the region: those with mantle-derived source, δ18O(Zrn) ranging from 5.5 to 5.8‰ (Timna and Katharina granitoids) and those with major contribution of the modified juvenile crustal component, δ18O(Zrn) varying from 6.5 to 7.2‰ (Elat quartz porphyry dykes and the Yehoshafat alkaline granite). This suggests that A-type silicic magmas in the northern ANS originated by alternative processes almost coevally. 相似文献
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is renowned for massive generation of juvenile crust in the Phanerozoic. Mongolia is the heartland of the CAOB and it has been subject to numerous investigations, particularly in metallogenesis and tectonic evolution. We present new petrographic, geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses on Phanerozoic granitoids emplaced in west-central Mongolia. The data are used to delineate their source characteristics and to discuss implications for the Phanerozoic crustal growth in Central Asia. Our samples come from a transect from Bayanhongor to Ulaan Baatar, including three tectonic units: the Baydrag cratonic block (late Archean to middle Proterozoic), the Eo-Cambrian Bayanhongor ophiolite complex and the Hangay–Hentey Basin of controversial origin. The intrusive granitoids have ages ranging from ca. 540 to 120 Ma. The majority of the samples are slightly peraluminous and can be classified as granite (s.s.), including monzogranite, syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite. Most of the rocks have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios between 0.705 and 0.707. Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granitoids (≤250 Ma) are characterized by near-zero Nd(T) values (0 to −2), whereas older granitoids show lower Nd(T) values (−1.5 to −7). The data confirm the earlier observation of Kovalenko et al. [Geochemistry International 34 (1996) 628] who showed that granitoids emplaced outside of the Pre-Riphean basement rocks are characterized by juvenile positive Nd(T) values, whereas those within the Pre-Riphean domain and the Baydrag cratonic block, as for the present case, show a significant effect of ‘contamination’ by Precambrian basement rocks. Nevertheless, mass balance calculation suggests that the granitoids were derived from sources composed of at least 80% juvenile mantle-derived component. Despite our small set of new data, the present study reinforces the general scenario of massive juvenile crust production in the CAOB with limited influence of old microcontinents in the genesis of Phanerozoic granitoids. 相似文献
The Oshurkovo Complex is a plutonic sheeted complex which represents numerous successive magmatic injections into an expanding system of subparallel and subvertical fractures. It comprises a wide range of rock types including alkali monzodiorite, monzonite, plagioclase-bearing and alkali-feldspar syenites, in the proportion of about 70% mafic rocks to 30% syenite. We suggest that the variation within the complex originated mainly by fractional crystallization of a tephrite magma.
The mafic rocks are considered as plutonic equivalents of lamprophyres. They exhibit a high abundance of ternary feldspar and apatite, the latter may attain 7–8 vol.% in monzodiorite. Ternary feldspar is also abundant in the syenites. The entire rock series is characterized by high Ba and Sr concentrations in the bulk rock samples (3000–7000 ppm) and in feldspars (up to 1 wt.%). The mafic magma had amphibole at the liquidus at 1010–1030 °C based on amphibole geothermometer. Temperatures as low as this were due to high H2O and P2O5 contents in the melt (up to 4–6 and 2 wt.%, respectively). Crystallization of the syenitic magmas began at about 850 °C (based on ternary feldspar thermometry). The series was formed at an oxygen fugacity from the NNO to HM buffer, or even higher.
The evolution of the alkali monzodiorite–syenite series by fractional crystallization of a tephritic magma is established on the basis of geological, mineralogical, geochemical and Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr isotope data. The geochemical modeling suggests that fractionation of amphibole with subordinate apatite from the tephrite magma leaves about 73 wt.% of the residual monzonite melt. Further extraction of amphibole and plagioclase with minor apatite and Fe–Ti oxides could bring to formation of a syenite residuum. Rb–Sr isotopic analyses of biotite, apatite and whole-rock samples constrain the minimum age of basic intrusions at ca. 130 Ma and that of cross-cutting granite pegmatites at ca. 120 Ma. Hence the entire evolution took place in an interval of ≤10 My. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the mafic rocks range from 0.70511 to 0.70514, and for syenites from 0.70525 to 0.70542. Initial Nd (130 Ma) values for mafic rocks vary from −1.9 to −2.4, and for syenites from −2.9 to −3.5. In a Nd(T) vs. (87Sr/86Sr)i diagram, all rock types of the complex fall in the enriched portion of the Mantle Array, suggesting their derivation from a metasomatized mantle source. However, the small but distinguishable difference in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions between mafic rocks and syenites probably resulted from mild (10–20%) crustal contamination during differentiation. Large negative Nb anomalies are interpreted as a characteristic feature of the source region produced by Precambrian fluid metasomatism above a subduction zone rather than by crustal contamination. 相似文献
The post-collisional magmatism of the Junggar Terrane is characterized by intrusion of large amounts of granitoids and minor basic/ultrabasic rocks. The granitoids comprise two magmatic suites: calc-alkaline and alkaline, which were emplaced contemporaneously at about 294 Ma. The calc-alkaline rocks are typically sodium-rich (Na2O/K2O=1.1–3.5) and metaluminous (A/NK >1.0, A/CNK=0.78–1.04). They show mildly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)N<15) and spidergrams with strong depletion of Nb, Ti and, to a lesser extent, Sr. The alkaline granites have high contents of SiO2 (75–78%), alkalis, Nb, HREE, Y, Sn, F and high FeO/MgO ratios and huge Sr and Eu depletion in the spidergrams. Moreover, they display characteristic tetrad REE patterns and non-CHARAC trace element behaviour. The two rock suites have similar initial Nd and Sr isotopic compositions, with Nd(T) in the range +5.2 to +7.1 and ISr mostly in the range 0.7031–0.7041. This points to a predominance of juvenile components in their sources. The calc-alkaline rocks are most probably derived by dehydration-melting of a basic lower crust leaving behind a granulite residue. The process was probably triggered by underplating of mantle-derived basic magmas in an extensional regime. The alkaline granites are considered to have formed by differentiation of the calc-alkaline granitoids. Our study argues for a juvenile continental crust for the basement of the Junggar terrane, which is likely dominated by early Paleozoic oceanic crust and arc complex that were deeply buried during the late Paleozoic subduction and accretion. 相似文献
Isotopic analyses (Rb-Sr, U-Pb, Sm-Nd, K-Ar) on rocks and minerals of the Tananao Schist complex (the Tailuko—Tienhsiang and the Nanao areas of eastern Taiwan) have yielded significant new age data corresponding to several important geologic events in the crustal evolution of Taiwan. The ages and corresponding events are summarized as follows: Crustal history 0–10 Ma: Arc-continent collision; regional metamorphism III (Penglai Orogeny). 35–40 Ma: Continental rifting and opening of the South China Sea; regional metamorphism II. 80–90 Ma: Granitic intrusions in Taiwan; regional metamorphism I (Nanao Orogeny). Overlapped with the most important world-wide, particularly circum-Pacific, thermal events of 90–110 Ma (Jahn, 1974; Jahn et al., 1976). 200–240 Ma: Deposition of carbonates and clastic sediments, probably in a geosynclinal environment. Beginning of the crustal history of Taiwan. Pre-crustal history 500–650 Ma (or older): Separation of protoliths for the granitoids of Taiwan from a chondritic (or depleted mantle) reservoir. 1000–1700 Ma: Crystallization of zircons, of which some grains have survived and been finally incorporated in the young (ca. 90 Ma) granitic magmas. 相似文献
Nine samples of blueschist facies metabasic rocks and four samples of associated metasedimentary lithologies were analysed for REE contents and Nd isotopic composition. Sampling includes the main rock types exposed on Groix, concentrating on those metabasic rocks with least dispersed Rb---Sr systems. The REE abundance patterns appear not to have suffered significant alteration since emplacement of the protolith magma despite subsequent blueschist facies metamorphism. The data, when integrated into a wider geochemical data-base, allow the identification and characterization of both tholeiitic and alkaline magma-types in the original igneous suite which was differentiated from depleted mantle sources. The basalts probably originated in an oceanic context. Some sediments are predominantly volcaniclastic, in which a continental crustal component may be recognized. Other sediments are closer in composition to continental crust with variable additions of tholeiitic or alkali-basalt debris. The volcanic-sedimentary assemblage on Groix is suggestive of ocean-island magmatic activity associated with a sedimentary sequence derived from a nearby continent. 相似文献
