光纤式积分视场光谱仪实验研究     

张居甲  程向明  宋佳阳  白金明 《天文研究与技术》2011,8(2):139-145

在几种适合用来对面天体进行分光测量的仪器中,积分视场光谱仪(Integral Field Spectrograph,IFS)因为能同时获得面源的光谱信息而备受关注.基于对IFS的初步研究,在实验室中进行光纤式IFS实验,取得一定进展后再将实验设备用于云南天文台2.4 m望远镜,对特定的天体进行测量,从而为科学级IFS的...  相似文献   

赣南地热气体起源的同位素与地球化学证据          下载免费PDF全文

孙占学  高柏  张展适 《地质科学》2014,(3):791-798

对取自赣南地区10个温泉的地热气体进行了气体化学成分及氦、碳、氖同位素组成的分析。该区地热气体可分为CO₂型和N₂型两种类型。CO₂型地热气体分布在赣南东南部地区,主要成分是CO₂,占总体积96.47%以上,二氧化碳气体的δ¹³C值为 -5.50‰～-3.49‰（PDB）,平均为 -4.66‰,为幔源无机成因,其氦同位素组成为1.36～2.27 R_a,具有明显的幔源成因特征,最高约有28.2%的氦源于地幔,其N₂-Ar-He关系研究表明,该型地热气体中的氮源于地幔-地壳-大气混合成因。研究揭示该区CO₂型地热气体属幔源无机成因气,是地幔脱气作用的产物。N₂型地热气体分布在赣南西部地区,N₂含量占91.04%以上,其中二氧化碳气体的δ¹³C值为 -23.7‰～-12.6‰,平均为 -17.82‰,为壳源有机成因,其氦同位素组成为0.06～0.13 R_a,具有明显的壳源放射性成因特征,³He/⁴He 与 ⁴He/²⁰Ne关系和He-Ar-N₂关系研究表明,N₂型温泉气主要来源于大气,并有壳源气体的贡献。  相似文献   

基于机器学习的贫困地区识别算法对比——以陕西省为例     

赵雨  白宇  员学锋 《地理科学》2022,42(8):1421-1432

以传统社会经济指标为主导的贫困识别依赖于详尽的普查抽查数据,收集和处理不同质量和数量的普查抽查数据来研究区域贫困需要耗费大量的人力物力和时间,难以快速动态地监测贫困状态。然而时间分辨率高且客观易获取的夜间灯光数据可以在一定程度上弥补统计数据的劣势,即时地反映地表社会经济现象。机器学习算法能够从这些数据中学习出规律和模式,从中挖掘出潜在信息来识别贫困地区。基于陕西省NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据,通过构造多维统计变量,利用逻辑回归、支持向量机、K近邻、随机森林、决策树和梯度提升树6种监督分类算法识别贫困地区。结果表明从夜间灯光数据提取的多维特征能够更好的应用于贫困地区的识别,6种算法都能够准确的识别贫困地区,分类结果在空间上具有相似性,且表现出一定的地域性,分类准确度达到76.82%~83.20%。根据混淆矩阵进一步对比各个算法的特点,认为随机森林算法在误差偏移和分类精度等方面综合表现最佳。  相似文献   

祁连山自然保护区煤矿修复区地表节肢动物分布特征及其影响因素     

罗维成  赵文智  刘继亮  杨竟艺  白雪莲  魏乐民  冯怡琳 《中国沙漠》2022,42(6):165-175

恢复人工植被是祁连山自然保护区矿区废弃地修复的主要手段,经过近5年的修复,矿区废弃地修复区地上植被盖度明显提高,但关于作为评价土壤修复效果重要指标的土壤动物群落变化的认识还很有限。以祁连山自然保护区典型煤矿废弃地为研究对象,采用野外调查的方法对比研究了煤矿修复区和毗邻区（原始地貌）大型土壤动物分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）修复区植物丰富度、生物量、盖度及土壤粗砂、有机质、全氮含量均显著低于毗邻区（P<0.05）,而土壤水分、细砂、黏粉粒、全钾和全磷含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）修复区土壤动物活动密度和多样性均显著高于毗邻区,修复区和毗邻区土壤动物均以蝗科（12.7%和55.7%）和蚁科（14.4%和49.6%）为主;进房沟、水磨沟和柳树沟煤矿修复区及毗邻区土壤动物群落相似性分别为39.9%、52.9%和43.4%。（3）土壤有机质含量是影响煤矿修复区和对照区捕食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子,而草本物种数和土壤粗砂含量是影响植食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子。总之,人工修复后煤矿废弃地修复区土壤动物个体数均高于对照区,部分矿区修复生境类群丰富度及多样性已经超过了毗邻区,这表明蚂蚁、步甲和蝗虫等地表节肢动物对煤矿矿区覆土恢复植被和封禁等措施驱动的植被和土壤环境变化响应敏感。因此,还需要优化植被及土壤修复模式,提高土壤动物多样性及多功能性,使矿区废弃地生态环境能够得到快速修复。  相似文献   

雪峰造山带中段地质构造特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

柏道远 熊雄杨俊  钟响贾朋远  黄文义 《中国地质》2014,41(2):399-418

雪峰造山带的地质构造特征认识尚存在较多分歧。通过构造剖面测制并结合区域地质调查,对雪峰造山带中段东部怀化—两丫坪地区的形变类型、变形时代、变形强度、剖面结构以及构造变形的运动学特征、成因机制和构造体制等进行了较全面的分析研究,取得以下主要认识和进展:(1)雪峰造山带中段形变类型主要有板劈理、折劈理、褶皱及与褶皱同走向的大型膝褶带、逆断裂、正断裂、右行走滑断裂等;(2)加里东运动和早中生代构造运动(印支运动与早燕山运动)中均存在明显的挤压变形,构造体制均为NW—NWW向挤压,形成NE—NNE向褶皱和逆断裂,加里东运动尚形成了板劈理和大型膝褶带;(3)雪峰造山带中段以溆浦—靖州断裂为界分为东带和西带,分别为加里东期区域雪峰逆冲推覆构造的根带和中带。东带板劈理发育,西带板劈理不发育且上古生界与下伏地层产状相近,表明加里东运动中东带变形强度明显大于西带,不整合特征、抬升幅度、逆冲断裂的发育特征等表明早中生代构造运动中东带变形较强,而西带变形较弱;(4)劈理优势倾向以及褶皱轴面和逆断裂的倾向,反映雪峰造山带东带加里东运动和早中生代构造运动中均具有背冲构造样式,但早中生代背冲构造的中轴相对加里东期向西迁移25 km以上;(5)南华纪早期溆浦—靖州断裂以东大幅伸展断陷并接受巨厚沉积,晚古生代期间断裂东侧大幅伸展沉降而构成湘中沉积盆地的西边界,反映雪峰造山带东带为一块体强度低的构造薄弱带,这是其变形强度大于西带及成为雪峰推覆构造根带的主要原因。  相似文献   

Study on the Metallogenetism of Sub-mantle Plume and Mantle Branches in the Gold Mineralization Concentration Area of Northwest Jiaodong Peninsula   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

NIU Shuyin  CHENG Guangsuo  ZHANG Jianzhen  SUN Aiqun  MA Baojun  ZHANG Fuxiang  WANG Baode  XU Meng  WU Jichun  ZHAO Rongxin  WANG Shanfei 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(5):1409-1420

The northwest of Jiaodong peninsula is characterized by its greatest gold concentration area, enormous gold reserves and limited time interval （115±5Ma） of gold mineralization in China. Studies show that the east area of north China began its mantle plume evolution since the Yanshanian movement, and the Laiyang sub-mantle plume and its surrounding mantle branches such as those in Guojiadian, Aishan and Panshidian were formed in the mineralization concentration area of northwestern Jiaodong peninsula. With the development of mantle plume →sub-mantle plume → mantle branch→ favorable expending structures, the deep-derived hydrothermal fluid moved up to the favorable places, such as brittle-ductile or ductile-brittle shearing zones, the internal and external contact zones of intrusions, dense fracturing zones and the contact zones between dikes and countryrocks, and concentrated into deposits. Then the gold mineralization concentration zones that are centralized on mantle branches were formed. This study takes Guojiadian mantle branch as an example to discuss their metallogenetism and conclude the metallogenetic mode.  相似文献   

基于GIS的马家沟滑坡稳定性计算与分区     

朱世煜  王宝军  施斌  孙义杰 《工程地质学报》2014,22(6):1187-1193

在对长江三峡库区马家沟滑坡表面、边界及钻孔信息提取分析的基础上,采用GIS空间插值及栅格计算,结合力学公式,对马家沟I号滑坡进行三维稳定性的计算和安全系数的分区。首先根据已知的两个钻孔滑移面信息进行空间插值,得到滑移面的初步形态; 再利用得到的滑移面与其余4个钻孔的地层信息比较,推测出其余4个钻孔的滑移面信息; 最后根据所有的钻孔信息插值得到整个滑移面的形态。在对比分析了确定滑移面空间形态的各种空间插值方法后,提出了基于少量滑移面准确信息条件下,采用径向基函数插值获得滑移面较为符合实际情况。不考虑栅格柱体之间的相互作用力,并假定滑坡体内地下水位与库水位一致,利用无限边坡安全系数计算公式,在ArcGIS栅格计算器中计算得到了马家沟I号滑坡的安全系数分区图。通过计算结果可以看出马家沟I号滑坡的不稳定区主要集中在滑体前缘,而较稳定区在前缘、中间以及后缘中间部位都有所分布; 并且随着库水位上升,边坡安全系数有一定程度的下降,特别是滑坡前缘可以被库水浸没的部分。进而可以划分出马家沟滑坡的重点防护治理部位,为马家沟滑坡的防治方案提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. B. Bai  J. Wang  B. Thiebes  C. Cheng  Z. Y. Chang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):731-743

In this study a Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment was carried out in the Longnan area in northwestern China using a GIS-based logistic regression model. This region has frequently been affected by landslides in the past, and was intensively affected by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake which received considerable international attention. The data used for this study consist of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and a landslide pre-disposing factor database. Information regarding the landslide causative factors came from additional data sources, such as a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 × 30 m² resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps, precipitation records, and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake. The statistical analysis of the relationship between the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors showed the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions on slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into training and validation sections. The prediction capability analysis demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities.  相似文献   

Drought–flood variation and its correlation with runoff in three headstreams of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China     

Yuan Bai  Hailiang Xu  Hongbo Ling 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1297-1309

The Tarim River lies in the inland area of Northwest China, which has a semiarid or arid climate. Because of relatively scarce precipitation in this area, the main water resource is runoff from a mountainous drainage basin. It is very important to ascertain variations of regular hydrologic and meteorological time series data. Through the use of monthly precipitation and hydrologic data in the three headstream mountain areas of the Tarim River over the past 50 years, this work analyzes the variation of a drought–flood index and annual runoff volume, along with spatio-temporal structures of the index related to runoff at multiple time scales, via non-parametric testing and a wavelet transform method. Wavelet transform can clearly demonstrate many characteristics of the time series, including trend, shift, and major periods. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the drought–flood indices showed increasing trends for the Aksu and Yarkand rivers, and rose non-significantly for Hotan River. The indices of the three headstreams changed remarkably (p < 0.05) in 1986. The curves of wavelet variance show that significant periods of the indices are 4 and 8 years for Aksu and Hotan rivers, and 8 and 10 years for Yarkand River; (2) runoff of the Aksu and Hotan rivers had significant periods of 6 and 8 years, plus 3 and 9 years for Hotan River; (3) there was significant correlation between the drought–flood indices and annual runoff volume in the three headstreams. The results provide important information toward achieving predictability of flood and drought in Northwest China.  相似文献   

Biofilms on the surface of gravels and aquatic plants in rivers and lakes with reusing reclaimed water     

Wang Tianzhi  Li Yunkai  Liang Mingchao  Yang Peiling  Bai Zhihui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(3):743-755

Reuse of reclaimed water for the eco-environmental water has become an effective measure to resolve the urban water crisis. However, it still contains large amounts of contaminants which may significantly affect the aquatic ecosystems. Biofilm attached on the surface of multiple matrixes in rivers and lakes is one of the indicators for describing the health of aquatic ecosystem. In this article, we chose eight rivers and lakes as the sampling locations, including three kinds of reclaimed water with different treatment processes and natural water. The morphology, structure and component characteristics of biofilms attached on the surface of aquatic plants and gravels in eight water bodies were evaluated. The results showed that the biofilm on the matrix surface were typical porous media with basic skeleton composed of inorganic particles, microorganisms and algae. The pores were filled with the viscous extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by microorganisms. The biofilms contained calcite, quartz, illite, alkali feldspar, dolomite, clinochlore, goethite and inorganic salt, and approximately 50 % of these compositions are calcite and quartz. The concentration of EPS was 20.78–500.44 μg/mL, and that of the gravel biofilms was less than that in aquatic plants by 18.1–75.3 %. In these three reclaimed waters, 4–7 kinds of PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) were detected in aquatic plants biofilms, more than one or two kinds than in gravel biofilms. And the dominant PLFA were i15:0 and 18:0, the total contents of which were, respectively, 74.4, 62.9 and 85.9 % in the three kinds of reclaimed water. All biofilm samples contain major microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Comamonas. This study is aimed to provide some support for assessing the health of river–lake ecosystem with biofilm indicator.  相似文献