Advanced Automated Solar Filament Detection And Characterization Code: Description, Performance, And Results     

Pietro N. Bernasconi  David M. Rust  Daniel Hakim 《Solar physics》2005,228(1-2):97-117

We present a code for automated detection, classification, and tracking of solar filaments in full-disk Hα images that can contribute to Living With a Star science investigations and space weather forecasting. The program can reliably identify filaments; determine their chirality and other relevant parameters like filament area, length, and average orientation with respect to the equator. It is also capable of tracking the day-by-day evolution of filaments while they travel across the visible disk. The code was tested by analyzing daily Hα images taken at the Big Bear Solar Observatory from mid-2000 until beginning of 2005. It identified and established the chirality of thousands of filaments without human intervention. We compared the results with a list of filament proprieties manually compiled by Pevtsov, Balasubramaniam and Rogers (2003) over the same period of time. The computer list matches Pevtsov's list with a 72% accuracy. The code results confirm the hemispheric chirality rule stating that dextral filaments predominate in the north and sinistral ones predominate in the south. The main difference between the two lists is that the code finds significantly more filaments without an identifiable chirality. This may be due to a tendency of human operators to be biased, thereby assigning a chirality in less clear cases, while the code is totally unbiased. We also have found evidence that filaments obeying the chirality rule tend to be larger and last longer than the ones that do not follow the hemispherical rule. Filaments adhering to the hemispheric rule also tend to be more tilted toward the equator between latitudes 10^° and 30^°, than the ones that do not.  相似文献   

Nile floods recorded in deep Mediterranean sediments     

Emmanuelle Ducassou  Thierry Mulder  Sbastien Migeon  Eliane Gonthier  Anne Murat  Marie Revel  Lucilla Capotondi  Stefano M. Bernasconi  Jean Mascle  Sbastien Zaragosi 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(3):382-391

Clastic mud beds rich in continental organic matter are observed recurrently in the Nile deep-sea turbidite system. They formed during flooding periods of the river similar to those that induce sapropel formation and occurred during periods of increased density stratification of the eastern Mediterranean. The very fine-grained flood deposits are intercalated within pelagic sediments, sapropels and Bouma-type turbidites. These flood deposits form by the successive reconcentrations of surface (hypopycnal) plumes by convective sedimentation, which in turn generate a fine-grained low-energy hyperpycnal flow. Sea-level high stands seem also to favor hypopycnal plume formation and increase clastic mud bed formation. Consequently, these muddy clastic beds provide a direct link between deep-marine sedimentary records and continental climatic change through flood frequency and magnitude.  相似文献   

Early diagenesis in rapidly accumulating sediments on the Alboran slope, ODP site 976     

Stefano M. Bernasconi  Philip A. Meyers  Gerard O’Sullivan 《Geo-Marine Letters》1998,18(3):209-214

The oxidation and reduction that occur during early diagenesis of sediments has been studied in the interstitial waters of a rapidly accumulating sedimentary sequence from the Mediterranean margin of Spain. A series of reactions that are mediated by progressively lower free energy derived from oxidation of organic matter is evident in the sedimentary sequence. Iron and manganese are rapidly reduced. Phosphate and alkalinity maxima at a subbottom depth of 15?m indicate maximal organic matter degradation. Methane first appears at ～20?m subbottom after sulfate is depleted, and its concentrations quickly climb.  相似文献   

东北亚的新仙女木和全新世气候演变的初步证据── 一个湖泊岩心的古环境变化的同位素和磁性记录     

Ｓ．Ｂｅｒｎａｓｃｏｎｉ  Ｊ．Ｄｏｂｓｏｎ  Ｊ．Ａ．Ｍｃｋｅｎｚｉｅ  Ｄ．Ａｒｉｚｔｅｇｕｉ  Ｆ．Ｎｉｅsｓｅｎ  陈延成  杨清堂 《化工矿产地质》1998,(3)

内蒙古合同察汗淖碱湖的磁化率和稳定同位素资料的初步证据表明,在东北亚也经历了新仙女木（ＹｏｕｎｇｅｒＤｒｙａｓ）寒冷事件。此外,９０００～６０００ａＢＰ的潮湿气候环境可能是由于季风活动加剧所致,随后,一个逐渐干化的气候条件一直延续到现在。  相似文献   

Sull'idrologia del Foehn     

Carlo Bernasconi  Mario Bossolasco 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,19(3-4):179-185

Riassunto Per alcuni casi diFöhn delle Alpi Italiane, interessanti il Piemonte e la Lombardia, sono state esaminate le variazioni dei deflussi nei giorni in cui soffiava tale vento nonchè in quelli adiacenti, trovando che di regola, quando non intervengono precipitazioni od altri fattori, ilFöhn provoca una diminuzione netta delle portate, che può raggiungere e superare il 10% e che si esplica con relativa prontezza. Si spiega tale riduzione con la forte evaporazione causata dalFöhn.

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Summary Researches have been undertaken on the influence of the Föhn in the italian Alps, regarding the runoff-variations. The Föhn causes as a rule a decrease of the runoff, which, in absence of precipitation, can reach or exceed 10%. It can be explained by the strong evaporation during the Föhn.

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Zusammenfassung Anhand einiger Föhnfälle in den italienischen Alpen wurde der Einfluss des Föhns auf die Aenderungen der Abflussmenge untersucht. Wenn empfindliche Niederschläge oder andere Faktoren nicht vorkommen, verursacht in der Regel der Föhn eine Abnahme der Abflussmenge, die 10% erreichen oder sogar überschreiten kann. Die Erklärung ist in der starken Verdunstung während des Föhns zu suchen.

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Le barovariographe comme appareil de sondage aérologique     

Carlo Bernasconi  Mario Bossolasco 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,20(1):197-202

Summary First, the theory of the barovariograph, the deductions from which have also been confirmed by experiments, is presented with some improvements. Then there follows a concise illustration of the various possibilities of applying the instrument for the disclosure of aerological phenomena existing over a given locality.

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Zusammenfassung Zunächst wird, mit einigen Erweiterungen, die Theorie des Barovariographen dargelegt, deren Ableitungen auch experimentell bestätigt wurden. Dann folgt eine kurze Erläuterung der verschiedenen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Instrumentes für die Registrierung gewisser aerologischer Erscheinungen über einem Ort.

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Riasunto Dapprima viene esposta con alcuni perfezionamenti la teoria del barovariografo, le cui deduzioni sono state confermate anche sperimentalmente. Segue una illustrazione succinta delle varie possibilità applicative dello strumento per la rilevazione dei fenomeni aerologici sovrastanti una località determinata.

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Communication présentée à l'Association Internationale de Météorologie, IXe Assemblée Générale de l'UGGI, Bruxelles, Séance du 24 Août 1951.  相似文献   

Strumento fotoelettrico per il calcolo del coefficiente di correlazione e per altri computi     

Dr. Carlo Bernasconi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1950,17(1-2):40-45

Riassunto Si illustra un apparecchio fotoelettrico che, essendo atto al calcolo degli integrali doppi e degli integrali di numerose funzioni di funzione, si presta per determinare il coefficiente di correlazione.

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Summary A photoelectric device is illustrated which, being fit for computation of double integrals, and for squaring a great number of functions of function, is suitable to determine the correlation coefficient.

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Carte geografiche secondo il modello della membrana elastica     

Dr. Carlo Bernasconi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1953,26(1):16-19

Riassunto Quando una membrana elastica ed isotropa che riveste parzialmente una sfera viene distesa su un piano, la rete dei meridiani e paralleli stampata sulla membrana stessa si deforma secondo il principio della minima energia. L'Autore illustra con alcuni esempi la possibilità di ottenere buone proiezioni cartografiche fruendo del principio medesimo.

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Summary Whenever an elastic and isotropic diaphragm partially coating a sphere is spread on a plane, the net of the meridians and parallels loses the proper shape according to the principle of the lowest energy. The Author explains through some examples how to get cartographic projections by using the same principle.

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Nuovo metodo di registrazione dello stato del mare e primi risultati ottenuti a Genova     

Carlo Bernasconi  Mario Bossolasco  Ignazio Dagnino 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1952,21(1):159-168

Riassunto Viene descritto ed illustrato un nuovo procedimento di registrazione del moto ondoso marino, il quale consiste sostanzialmente nel trasformare l'escursione verticale che subisce la superficie del mare nella compressione o dilatazione di una massa d'aria sovrastante racchiusa in un tubo verticale munito superiormente di opportuna membrana sensibile. Un tale apparecchio, installato a Prà (Genova) dal-l'Istituto Geofisico dell'Università di Genova, funziona con successo da alcuni mesi. Segue un esame dei primi risultati ivi conseguiti, dal quale appare l'importanza del passaggio dei fronti freddi sul moto ondoso del mare.

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Summary A new method for the recording of sea-wave motion is described and explained. It consists in having the vertical movement of the sea surface transformed into compression or expansion of a volume of air enclosed in a tube which is carrying on its upper part a sensitive membrane. This self-recording instrument, set up at Prà (Genoa) by the Istituto Geofisico dell'Università di Genova is functioning since several months already without giving rise to objections. Some first results obtained up now are also examided, from which it appears the importance of the passage of cold fronts.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird ein neues Verfahren für die Registrierung der Meereswellenbewegung beschrieben und erläutert. Es besteht darin, dass der vertikale Gang der Meeresoberfläche umgewandelt wird in Kompression oder Expansion einer in einem Rohre befindlichen Luftmasse, welche am oberen Teil von einer empfindlichen Membran geschlossen ist. Dieser Gerät, vom Istituto Geofisico dell'Università di Genova in Prà (Genua) aufgestellt, arbeitet bereits seit einigen Monaten einwandfrei. Einige vorläufige Ergebnisse werden dann erläutert, wofür auf die Bedeutung des Durchganges von Kaltfronten hingewiesen wird.

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Carbon and nitrogen isotope excursions in mid-Pleistocene sapropels from the Tyrrhenian Basin: Evidence for climate-induced increases in microbial primary production     

Philip A. Meyers  Stefano M. Bernasconi 《Marine Geology》2005,220(1-4):41-58

The modern Mediterranean Sea is oligotrophic, yet its sediment record contains layers of organic-carbon-rich sapropels at 21 ky (precessional) spacing that imply periods of elevated paleoproductivity that approached the high productivities of modern upwelling systems. Resolution to this paradox is provided by lines of evidence suggesting that the mode of primary productivity changed from one dominated by algae to one during times of sapropel deposition in which photosynthetic bacteria were important. We have made a high-resolution comparison of the organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of three sapropels and their background sediments in a 3-m sequence that corresponds to 1001 to 946 ka. Organic δ¹³C values systematically increase from − 26‰ to − 21‰ and δ¹⁵N values systematically decrease from 4‰ to < 0‰ as organic carbon mass accumulation rates increase in the sapropel layers. The increase in carbon isotope values mirrors the increases in primary productivity and associated organic matter export indicated by the increased mass accumulation rates. The decrease in nitrogen isotope values implies major contributions of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to the total marine productivity. The precessional minima with which sapropels coincide were times of wetter climate that stratified the surface Mediterranean Sea, increased delivery of soil-derived phosphorus, and evidently amplified microbial primary production. Our high-resolution study reveals several relatively rapid excursions into and out of the high-productivity mode that suggest that sapropel deposition was a climate-sensitive surface-driven phenomenon that was not accompanied by basin-wide stagnation.  相似文献