Neuere Erkenutnisse in der Tonsteinfrage auf Grund sedimentpetrographischer und geochemischer Untersuchungen im Flöz Wahlschied der Grube Ensdorf (Saar)     

Dieter Stöffler 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1963,9(4):285-312

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Frequency analysis of geomagnetic beating-type pulsations in thepc3 range     

Karel Prikner  Jaroslav Střeštík  Karel Dobeš  Reviewer M. Hvoždara 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1972,16(3):262-270

Summary The spectral analysis of samples of beating-type pc3 pulsations, recorded at the Budkov Observatory during the summer months of 1968 and 1969 was carried out in the frequency interval10 mHz100 mHz. The average limits of the pulsation frequency range are roughly20 mHz60 mHz. The centre of the occurrence frequency graphs for both components is at the frequency f_g 41 mHz. The analysis of three separated daily intervals showed a very slight tendency to a systematic decrease in the frequency of the centre from the morning to the afternoon. The study of the sense of rotation of the pulsation disturbance vector in the (X, Y)-plane showed an overall predominancy of L over R-types during daytime, particularly during the morning.  相似文献   

Approaches indG/G-determinations     

E. Groten  St. Thyssen-Bornemisza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1972,99(1):5-11

Summary Whereas observations of planets and solar satellites are more promising for detecting possible variations of Newtonian gravitational constant,G, with time the application of additional methods which are substantially different might be useful. It is discussed to what extent the tidal problems can be solved in connection with lunar orbit tracking for detectingG; further a relativeG-experiment at the earth surface is outlined.  相似文献   

Determination of the original shape of pulsations from their spectra     

Jaroslav Střeštík 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1970,14(3):344-349

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache auf der Symmetrie der Grundformeln der Fourierschen Transformation gegründete Methode, wie von den Spektralfunktionen zur ursprünglichen Pulsationsform zu gelangen, beschrieben. Mit dieser Methode wird die durchschnittliche Form der Pi2-Pulsationen konstruiert. Diese idealisierte Pulsation hat dieselben Eigenschaften wie ein statistisches Ensemble von Pulsationen. Der wirkliche Verlauf der Intensit?t des magnetischen Feldes bei Pi2-Pulsationen wird durch die Methode aus den Induktionsregistrierungen abgeleitet. Die berechnete Kurve zeigt starke Korrelation mit der direkten Registrierung der Intensit?t des magnetischen Feldes.

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Address: Boční II, Praha 4-Spořilov.  相似文献   

Deformation und Umwandlung von Plagioklas durch Stoßwellen in den Gesteinen des Nördlinger Ries     

Dieter Stöffler 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,16(1):51-83

Plagioclase from fragments of crystalline basement rocks in breccias found in the area of the Nördlinger Ries crater displays characteristic plastic deformation and phase transition phenomena due to shock metamorphism at different pressures in the range of 100 to 1000 kilobars.These phenomena are discussed in the scope of a progressive impact metamorphism the degree of metamorphism reflecting a radial gradient of pressure and temperature diminishing outward from the point of meteorite impact.Within the lowest pressure range of about 100 to 300 kilobars (shock stage I) strong fracturing and plastic deformation such as bending of crystals, deformation bands and planar features (lamellae of lowered refractive index and of lowered or no birefringence) are to be found. The lamellae which are mostly isotropic, are interpreted as slip bands the glide planes of which are low indices planes of the plagioclase lattice such as (001), (010), (100), (1¯20), (130) and others. These slip bands are unknown from feldspar formed by normal processes within the earth's crust. Plagioclase of such a stage of deformation shows an unusual strong decrease of refraction and birefringence. Its optical properties are those of a highly disordered plagioclase. It may be called diaplectic plagioclase.Total isotropization of plagioclase is a typical feature of the pressure range from 300 to 500 kilobars (shock stage II). This glass which is called diaplectic glass differs strongly from the normal glass in physical properties and structural state. It is formed by a kind of solid state transformation without actual melting.Shock pressures in the order of 500 to 650 kilobars (shock stage III) are able to cause selective melting of plagioclase grains in a crystalline rock. Normal glasses with vesicles and streaks are formed by this process.Within the pressure range of about 650 to 1000 kilobars (shock stage IV) residual temperatures are so high that total melting of rocks occurs. Plagioclase melts are mixed inhomogenously with other silicate melts forming rock melts which can be found in suevite as flat glassy bombs. Vaporization of silicates must be expected in the upper pressure range of this shock stage.Statistical universal stage measurements on the fabric of plagioclase support theoretical considerations after which the deformation pattern of a single crystal should depend on the fabric relations to the surrounding minerals and on their physical properties. Strongly inhomogenous deformation of plagioclase minerals within the microscopic rock scale was observed because polycrystalline rocks are disorganizing a unique shock front by interaction of wave fronts at interfaces and free surfaces and perhaps by multiwave shocks. Directions of compressive and tensile stresses on a mineral are therefore changing from grain to grain.  相似文献   

Electricity consumption patterns within cities: application of a data-driven settlement characterization method     

Pranab K. Roy Chowdhury  Jeanette E. Weaver  Eric M. Weber  Dalton Lunga  St. Thomas M. LeDoux  Amy N. Rose 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(1):119-135

ABSTRACT

Urban areas presently consume around 75% of global primary energy supply, which is expected to significantly increase in the future due to urban growth. Having sustainable, universal energy access is a pressing challenge for most parts of the globe. Understanding urban energy consumption patterns may help to address the challenges to urban sustainability and energy security. However, urban energy analyses are severely limited by the lack of urban energy data. Such datasets are virtually non-existent for the developing countries. As per current projections, most of the new urban growth is bound to occur in these data-starved regions. Hence, there is an urgent need of research methods for monitoring and quantifying urban energy utilization patterns. Here, we apply a data-driven approach to characterize urban settlements based on their formality, which is then used to assess intra-urban urban energy consumption in Johannesburg, South Africa; Sana’a, Yemen; and Ndola, Zambia. Electricity is the fastest growing energy fuel. By analyzing the relationship between the settlement types and the corresponding nighttime light emission, a proxy of electricity consumption, we assess the differential electricity consumption patterns. Our study presents a simple and scalable solution to fill the present data void to understand intra-city electricity consumption patterns.  相似文献   

Results of NFP 20 seismic reflection profiling along the Alpine section of the European Geotraverse (EGT)     

P. Valasek  St. Mueller  W. Frei  K. Holliger 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,105(1):85-102

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Geomagnetic Pc3 Pulsations During the Total Solar Eclipse on Aug 11, 1999     

Střeštík  J.  Prikner  K. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(3):565-578

The solar eclipse on August 11, 1999, observed in the region covered by many geomagnetic observatories, has offered a unique opportunity to look for an effect of the eclipse on geomagnetic pulsations. The pulsation activity digital data have been taken from Budkov Observatory in the Czech Republic (in the X component only), from observatories in Germany (Niemegk, Fürstenfeldbruck, Bad Bergzabern), in Hungary (Nagycenk), and for comparison in South Africa (Hermanus, conjugate-point station), and in Finland (Sodankylä, far from the eclipse zone). At all these stations the field in all three component has been recorded. The pulsation amplitudes in the X component exhibit a long-term minimum near the time of the eclipse. Spectral analysis of selected short intervals confirmed this decrease and also revealed a decrease of the average pulsation period during the eclipse. Such a change in the amplitude or in the period was not observed outside of the eclipse interval or in other days. Investigation in some narrower frequency bands showed that the maximal decrease occurred in the 15–20 s band. All these changes can be found in records from all the stations near the eclipse totality belt, also in records at the conjugate-point station, where no eclipse occurred. No signature has been found in records at the station situated far from the eclipse zone.  相似文献   

ADS40航空数码摄影相机的校准     

李月锋 《测绘技术装备》2006,8(3):41-44

高性能的航摄相机需要高分辨率几何校准、光谱校准和辐射线测量校准。LH系统公司和德国宇航中心(DLR)拥有符合这些严格规范的仪器。本文论述了LH系统公司新的ADS40数码摄影相机的基本操作原理,并给出了第一次交叉测量的结果。  相似文献   

Single GPS receiver time-relative positioning with loop misclosure corrections     

Nicolas Balard  Rock Santerre  Marc Cocard  Stéphanie Bourgon 《GPS Solutions》2006,10(1):56-62

Time-relative positioning makes use of observations taken at two different epochs and stations with a single global positioning system (GPS) receiver to determine the position of the unknown station with respect to the known station. The limitation of this method is the degradation over time of the positioning accuracy due to the temporal variation of GPS errors (ionospheric delay, satellite clock corrections, satellite ephemerides, and tropospheric delay). The impact of these errors is significantly reduced by adding to the one-way move from the known to the unknown station, a back move to the known station. A loop misclosure is computed from the coordinates obtained at the known station at the beginning and at the end of the loop, and is used to correct the coordinates of the unknown station. The field tests, presented in this paper, show that using the loop misclosure corrections, time-relative positioning accuracy can be improved by about 60% when using single frequency data, and by about 40% with dual frequency data. For a 4-min processing interval (an 8-min loop) and a 95% probability level, errors remain under 20 cm for the horizontal components and 36 cm for the vertical component with single frequency data; and under 11 cm for the horizontal components and 29 cm for the vertical component with dual frequency data.  相似文献